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Closing in on how early life stress changes epigenetic markers

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The good news from this mouse study is that if epigenetic stress is recognized, it can be reversed. That means, presumably, that it won’t be passed on:

In a study published March 15 in Nature Neuroscience, researchers found that early-life stress in mice induces epigenetic changes in a particular type of neuron, which in turn make the animals more prone to stress later in life. Using a drug that inhibits an enzyme that adds epigenetic marks to histones, they also show that the latent effects of early-life stress can be reversed.

“It is a wonderful paper because it is really advancing our ability to understand how events that happen early in life leave enduring signatures in the brain so that they influence what we do as adults,” says Tallie Z. Baram, a child neurologist and developmental neurobiologist at the University of California, Irvine, who wasn’t involved with the study.

Asher Jones, “Early-Life Stress Exerts Long-Lasting Effects Via Epigenome” at The Scientist

All the more reason to blow clear of Darwinian determinism about genetics.

The paper is open access.

See also: Epigenetic change: Lamarck, wake up, you’re wanted in the conference room!

Comments
Steve writes, " For example, for centuries society had determined that homosexuality was unacceptable and punished it with death, castration and jail." Not necessarily true. Some societies have accepted homosexual relations in various way rather than castigating them. And this is relevant,
Culturally invariable properties of male homosexuality: tentative conclusions from cross-cultural research F L Whitam PMID: 6882205 DOI: 10.1007/BF01542072 Abstract While the behavior of homosexuals in some aspects is subject to cultural variability, this analysis explores the equally important question of cultural invariability. Based on several years of field work in homosexual communities in the United States, Guatemala, Brazil, and the Philippines, six tentative conclusions about cultural invariability are offered: (1) homosexual persons appear in all societies; (2) the percentage of homosexuals in all societies seems to be about the same and remains stable over time; (3) social norms do not impede or facilitate the emergence of homosexual orientation; (4) homosexual subcultures appear in all societies, given sufficient aggregates of people; (5) homosexuals in different societies tend to resemble each other with respect to certain behavioral interests and occupational choices; and (6) all societies produce similar continua from overtly masculine to overtly feminine homosexuals. Implications for this interpretation of homosexuality include the notion that homosexuality is not created by social structural arrangements but is rather a fundamental form of human sexuality acted out in different cultural settings.
Culturally invariable properties of male homosexuality: tentative conclusions from cross-cultural researchViola Lee
March 26, 2021
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KF writes, "JVL & SA2, it seems you are trying to ride various hobby horses into various threads at UD." Steve answered in 57, but I'll add two cents. First, Jerry brought the topic up at #5., and BA, asauber, ET, and others have contributed. I respectfully suggest that you just don't read the thread if the subject is so distasteful to you.Viola Lee
March 26, 2021
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Concealed Citizen "While he didn’t single them out, he used the word “pornea” which to a Jew would have included homosexuality and any other unlawful sexual practice. (Mat 15:19, Mark 7:21)" Thank you for pointing me to these. The English translation, only mentions sexual immorality, but it doesn't provide any details. I don't think that anyone here is arguing that sexual activities can't be immoral. For example, I would argue that rape, pedophilia and extra-marital affairs are immoral. But I should also point out that this wasn't always the case. Up until quite recently a wife could not charge her husband with rape.Steve Alten2
March 26, 2021
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Kairosfocus "JVL & SA2, it seems you are trying to ride various hobby horses into various threads at UD. That is trollish conduct." We are trolls because we join a conversation that was started by others (Jerry and AaronS1978)? " It seems you have hostility to the idea that as responsible, rational creatures, we have built in regulation and behavioural limits that stabilise society and human thriving." Yet you have not been able to prove that they are "built in" as opposed to societally derived and propagated. For example, for centuries society had determined that homosexuality was unacceptable and punished it with death, castration and jail. Society has now seen that there was no sound justification for these beliefs and punishments. "Right now the misanthropic, anti civilisational experiment is in progress, complete with witch hunts and reichstag fire tactics. " Civilization has always been an ongoing series of experiments. And that is not going to change. What witch hunts are you talking about? All I have read about is a couple florists and bakers being sued for denying services to homosexuals. Personally, I think that is a reasonable protest. Analogous to blacks in the sixties suing business owners for denying them service. Nobody has said that the florists or bakers must believe that homosexuality is moral, just that they can't deny them the services that they provide to everyone else. Maybe an experience that I am aware of will make my point clearer. I have a blind friend who has a guide dog. She frequently has a problem getting a taxi. She arranges for one and when they pull up, they slow down and then pull away without stopping. On one event, she was with a friend who recorded the licence number. She sued the driver for refusing to provide her the service because she was blind. In court the driver used a freedom of religion defence. Apparently, in some muslims sects dogs are considered to be impure and unclean. The judge denied this defence stating that the blind person's rights in this respect superseded the driver's religious rights. "We shall see how you like being under lawless ideologically driven oligarchy should the radical agendas gain the extraordinary, unaccountable power they so patently crave." Somehow I don't see how allowing same sex marriage will lead to a lawless ideologically driven oligarchy " Something tells me that if they succeed in the short term, we will only manage to repeat the history of various radical revolutions since 1789. Not something any sane person wishes. KF" Again, I don't see how same sex marriage is going to lead to radical revolutions. It has become obvious to me that you believe that anything that you don't agree with will inevitably lead to the downfall of civilization.Steve Alten2
March 26, 2021
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Steve Alten2: Even Jesus never said anything about homosexuals, one way or the other. While he didn't single them out, he used the word "pornea" which to a Jew would have included homosexuality and any other unlawful sexual practice. (Mat 15:19, Mark 7:21)Concealed Citizen
March 26, 2021
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EDTA "So do you reject the sexual revolution? It teaches that we need to let certain animal instincts run more free. That’s the opposite of rising above them and reigning them in." It depends on what you mean by "sexual revolution". I am in favour of removing consensual sex between adults from the authority of regulators. I am in favour of the easy availability of birth control. I am in favour of comprehensive sex education. I am in favour of not locking up or castrating homosexuals. I am in favour of women and men being allowed to enjoy sex outside of marriage without guilt. "Christianity." Thank you for being honest. "That’s still breaking up a marriage. Has nothing to do with inter-racial anything." You are suggesting that things that can provide temptation should be illegal. I am pretty sure that is not what you are intending to say. ""I was referring to the expanding of people’s options into immoral ones. Of course I don’t expect we’ll reach agreement on what things are immoral and which aren’t…which is why the metaphysical things are more important to discuss first." But are we expanding a person's options into immoral ones? It is barely mentioned in the Bible and it is associated with killing homosexuals. I am sure that you are not advocating this. Even Jesus never said anything about homosexuals, one way or the other. How do you know that he believed that it was a sin, or that they shouldn't be allowed to marry?Steve Alten2
March 26, 2021
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JVL & SA2, it seems you are trying to ride various hobby horses into various threads at UD. That is trollish conduct. It seems you have hostility to the idea that as responsible, rational creatures, we have built in regulation and behavioural limits that stabilise society and human thriving. Right now the misanthropic, anti civilisational experiment is in progress, complete with witch hunts and reichstag fire tactics. We shall see how you like being under lawless ideologically driven oligarchy should the radical agendas gain the extraordinary, unaccountable power they so patently crave. Something tells me that if they succeed in the short term, we will only manage to repeat the history of various radical revolutions since 1789. Not something any sane person wishes. KFkairosfocus
March 26, 2021
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JVL, CC et al, climate change caught my eye. Are you aware that climate is essentially a 33 year moving average of weather day by day so by definition must change? That, we are in an ice age (witnessed by the ice-coverage), and are in multiple millennia recession from the last ice peak? That it takes a lot to keep us out of the ice planet attractor? That, there is a legitimate scientific debate as to contributory factors and relative strengths? That properly, epistemically on the nature of induction logic, science is never "settled"? That science, politics and policy are a highly unstable mix? And more? KFkairosfocus
March 25, 2021
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SA2, >I agree that we should strive to rise above our basic animal instincts. So do you reject the sexual revolution? It teaches that we need to let certain animal instincts run more free. That's the opposite of rising above them and reigning them in. >But what is the rationale for homosexual attraction being classified as immoral whereas opposite sex attraction is not? Christianity. >Let’s assume that the woman is white and ran off with a black man? That's still breaking up a marriage. Has nothing to do with inter-racial anything. I was referring to the expanding of people's options into immoral ones. Of course I don't expect we'll reach agreement on what things are immoral and which aren't...which is why the metaphysical things are more important to discuss first.EDTA
March 25, 2021
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EDTA “ Would anyone like to rethink the idea of taking cues from the rest of the animal kingdom when it comes to human morality?“ I agree that we should strive to rise above our basic animal instincts. But what is the rationale for homosexual attraction being classified as immoral whereas opposite sex attraction is not?Steve Alten2
March 25, 2021
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EDTA ” Unless a man’s wife runs off with another woman, which she might not have done if it weren’t an option.” Let’s assume that the woman is white and ran off with a black man? If inter-racial marriage weren’t legal she might not do so. By your logic we should not allow inter-racial marriage because of the temptation it places on same race couples. “ We stopped teaching any sort of self-control 3+ generations ago, so nobody should be surprised that it’s ingrained now. Self-control is good in many areas of life, has really good outcomes for people compared with those who were never taught any.“ Where did you grow up? Self control is still being taught. Children are still taught that the only 100% effective birth control and STD prevention is abstinence. But what is wrong with also talking about masturbation and the different options for birth control? As I mentioned, you can’t make good decisions without accurate information. I had sex before marriage, and am not ashamed of it. It was always consensual and we always used two forms of birth control (pill and condom). Before I got married my future wife and I also lived together for over a year before we got married. We are now going into our 40th year of marriage. I don’t see why I should feel guilty about any of this.Steve Alten2
March 25, 2021
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>Clearly nature and biology have lots of examples of animals who engage in all kinds of sexual practices and attractions. To further elaborate on the above, this reasoning is what permits men to accost women in public. Men are just following their instincts, like all the rest of the animals. I.e., they're behaving more like animals when they do the accosting. Would anyone like to rethink the idea of taking cues from the rest of the animal kingdom when it comes to human morality?EDTA
March 25, 2021
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A lot to respond to, mostly JVL and SA2... >That two women can get married does not have any impact on my marriage. Unless a man's wife runs off with another woman, which she might not have done if it weren't an option. I know a guy that happened to. Societal support for marriage in general is at a low point, as evidenced by marriage stats (which are not at an all-time low, but still low enough that nobody's is safe), and how marriage isn't much more now than "extreme dating". In other words, a single occurrence of a same-sex marriage does not directly affect your marriage in a measurable way. But that's the wrong way to look at it. We should be looking at the general climate around marriage. >...there is some deity who designed you for a particular purpose who will take offence because you’re bending their design parameters. Very charitably put. Thank you, JVL. >Clearly nature and biology have lots of examples of animals who engage in all kinds of sexual practices and attractions. And many species use the same orifice for sex and for waste removal. So THE DESIGNER clearly thought that was okay, at least sometimes. See my comment above about being glad I don't take cues on human morality from the rest of the animal kingdom. And why evolution as a larger belief system matters more than people think. > Could it not be argued that some men might alleviate some of their sexual tension by masturbating instead of accosting women in public? I'm pretty sure that it would not reduce the occurrence of men accosting women in public. Men's sex drives are pretty intense. Since the sexual revolution, they have been encouraged to let those drives loose, and they sure do. Makes all the #MeToo stuff look pretty silly, as men can't be openly sexual and not harass anyone too. Which is it? Show some self-control? No, that's puritanical! But...see the confusion and hypocrisy? > To shut down discussions of these issues Who's shutting down discussion? >IF your world view is viable and you want it taken seriously then you should be able to address common, pertinent concerns We express a viable worldview here all the time. In depth too. (Some are more patient about it than others. 8-) But we do address these things directly. Worldview/metaphysical issues drive the practical/ordinary issues, not the other way around. Too many people decide what they think about sexuality, etc., and then pick the metaphysics that don't conflict. Wrong way! > Denying the wide and vast range of human behaviour is denialism; the more you restrict and limit your responses the fewer and fewer people you will entice to listen to your view. Ah, water down the message to make it more palatable! Hmm. Some can do that; I find it difficult. If that means few listen, then so be it. I'd rather be right than popular. >Teens are going to have sex. Why not make sure that they have accurate information that isn’t weighted down by puritanical ideas. good decisions depend on accurate information. Well, post-sexual revolution they are going to yes. We stopped teaching any sort of self-control 3+ generations ago, so nobody should be surprised that it's ingrained now. Self-control is good in many areas of life, has really good outcomes for people compared with those who were never taught any. But so goes our world...storm the capitol anyone?EDTA
March 25, 2021
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Concealed Citizen: Humor (?) aside, I’m libertarianish. As for climate change, it is real to a minor extent, the solution with regards to human involvement is new generation nuclear, esp GEN4, but the economic forecasts of climate alarmism are complete B.S. Thumbs down on the UBI. It was all meant to be humourish. Thanks for not going postal on my comment. I'm happy to disagree with you on some issues. As long as it's civil.JVL
March 25, 2021
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JVL Clearly nature and biology have lots of examples of animals who engage in all kinds of sexual practices and attractions. And many species use the same orifice for sex and for waste removal. So THE DESIGNER clearly thought that was okay, at least sometimes.
My friend , you (and all human beings ) were created as a king of creation but you look for leading examples from...animals ,and you also think that you are smart. Very strange.Lieutenant Commander Data
March 25, 2021
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JVL: You’re clearly a deviant weird-o. I bet you believe in ‘climate change’ and a universal basic wage as well. Humor (?) aside, I'm libertarianish. As for climate change, it is real to a minor extent, the solution with regards to human involvement is new generation nuclear, esp GEN4, but the economic forecasts of climate alarmism are complete B.S. Thumbs down on the UBI.Concealed Citizen
March 25, 2021
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Steve Alten0.000003: And it is only a slippery slope to universal health care. Oh the horror. I'm getting your firing squad arranged as we speak.JVL
March 25, 2021
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JVL “ You’re clearly a deviant weird-o. I bet you believe in ‘climate change’ and a universal basic wage as well.“ And it is only a slippery slope to universal health care. Oh the horror.Steve Alten2
March 25, 2021
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Concealed Citizen: Um, well, yeah, but, “biology says” that for some people, the anus/rectum is useful for sexual pleasure. (And not just homosexual sex, but hetero sex too. ) You're clearly a deviant weird-o. I bet you believe in 'climate change' and a universal basic wage as well.JVL
March 25, 2021
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JVL “ OMG, next thing you know you’ll be advocating sex outside of marriage and fetishes. You’ll probably be kicked off shortly.” I would not advocate for extramarital sex, but that is still a personal decision. If you are talking about pre-marital sex, I am a huge advocate. But, again, it is a personal decision. And don’t underestimate the power of fetishes. :)Steve Alten2
March 25, 2021
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ET: Biology says that the anus is part of the EXCRETORY system. Um, well, yeah, but, "biology says" that for some people, the anus/rectum is useful for sexual pleasure. (And not just homosexual sex, but hetero sex too. ) Now what?Concealed Citizen
March 25, 2021
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Steve Alten4375: I also read somewhere that some European countries teach children in school that it is OK to masturbate. The same countries have much lower teen pregnancy rates than the US. This may not be causative but I do like the idea of destigmatizing sex. Teens are going to have sex. Why not make sure that they have accurate information that isn’t weighted down by puritanical ideas. good decisions depend on accurate information. OMG, next thing you know you'll be advocating sex outside of marriage and fetishes. You'll probably be kicked off shortly.JVL
March 25, 2021
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JVL "Is there a Steve Alten1?" I don't know. But there is a Steve Alten somewhere on Wordpress as it would not let me sign in with my name. I assume that is because there is a relatively famous author named Steve Alten. He wrote the Meg series of books, one of which was made into a movie. " Is it okay to masturbate? Is it a sin? What harm does it do? Could it not be argued that some men might alleviate some of their sexual tension by masturbating instead of accosting women in public?" I also read somewhere that some European countries teach children in school that it is OK to masturbate. The same countries have much lower teen pregnancy rates than the US. This may not be causative but I do like the idea of destigmatizing sex. Teens are going to have sex. Why not make sure that they have accurate information that isn't weighted down by puritanical ideas. good decisions depend on accurate information.Steve Alten2
March 25, 2021
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Steve Alten2: I have never understood the rationality of people who think that they can dictate how consenting adults engage in sex with each other. Or can dictate that consenting adults can’t enjoy the benefits, and obligations, of marriage just because they are of the same sex. That two men engage in anal sex does not have any impact on anybody else. That two women can get married does not have any impact on my marriage. Is there a Steve Alten1? You don't understand because you don't think there is some deity who designed you for a particular purpose who will take offence because you're bending their design parameters. Let's recapitulate: ET thinks anal sex is bad because the (human) anus was designed purely to evacuate waste products from the body. Clearly he's horrified and appalled by the notion that someone might get small particles of faeces on their penis. This doesn't affect him or his spouse at all but he spends lots of time arguing against it for some reason. Clearly nature and biology have lots of examples of animals who engage in all kinds of sexual practices and attractions. And many species use the same orifice for sex and for waste removal. So THE DESIGNER clearly thought that was okay, at least sometimes. Mouths and hands/fingers are touted as being multi-functional which, I guess, means it's okay if they are used in sexual . . . experiences? Not reproduction clearly. Can women engage in scissoring? No hands, no mouths. It's getting a bit fuzzy now: does the community think that all sex must be purely for the purpose of recreation or can there be a bit of fun involved? Is it okay to masturbate? Is it a sin? What harm does it do? Could it not be argued that some men might alleviate some of their sexual tension by masturbating instead of accosting women in public? I suspect I will be accused of pandering in sexual perversities on this forum but, let's be honest, these are real issues for millions of people on this planet. To shut down discussions of these issues is tantamount to putting your fingers in your ears and chanting LA LA LA I CAN'T HEAR YOU. IF your world view is viable and you want it taken seriously then you should be able to address common, pertinent concerns aside from just saying: that's weird and I'm not talking about it. Denying the wide and vast range of human behaviour is denialism; the more you restrict and limit your responses the fewer and fewer people you will entice to listen to your view.JVL
March 25, 2021
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I have never understood the rationality of people who think that they can dictate how consenting adults engage in sex with each other. Or can dictate that consenting adults can't enjoy the benefits, and obligations, of marriage just because they are of the same sex. That two men engage in anal sex does not have any impact on anybody else. That two women can get married does not have any impact on my marriage.Steve Alten2
March 25, 2021
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Seeing Democrats, this whole idea that everyone are just regular people, despite our differences, is thrown out the window. So now I'm also a skeptic about homosexuality. You have differences of opinion, such as, I like this, you like that. Those are regular differences. Then also you have differences because people use a totally different idea of what an opinion is. Those are not regular differences. And I speculate that the last is what is happening much with Democrats, homosexuals, atheists, materialists. They have a totally different idea of what an opinion is, what an emotion is, what a choice is. materialists: choice = to figure out the best or most appropiate option opinion = anything that is made up in the mind emotion = some electrochemistry in the brain that can be identified as fact creationists: choice = for the subjective spirit to make on of alternative futures the present opinion = a statement that is formed by choice, and expresses what it is that makes a choice emotion = choices are made out of emotion, and can only be identified with a chosen opinion I think you could investigate it sociologically. Interview people, and then I imagine you would find Democrats, homosexuals, atheists, are more likely to talk about making choices in terms of figuring out the best opinion Conservatives would be more likely to talk about choices as being expression of emotion and personal character.mohammadnursyamsu
March 25, 2021
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Responding to the totally off topic Sidney Powell comment. US libel Law demands that a distinction be made between facts and opinions. Solely creationism can explain the difference. It is because you require the 2 fundamental catefories of creator and creation to validate both concepts of opinion and fact, each in their own right. While It is categorically a factual issue whether Dominion voting systems manipulated the vote, Sidney Powell was just expressing a personal opinion that she liked the odds of it being true that Dominion voting systems manipulated the votes. I also believe Dominion systems manipulated the vote.mohammadnursyamsu
March 25, 2021
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It's a good thing we are so much higher than the other animals, more dignified, and so on, so nothing that the lower animals do will be thought to apply to humans! Oh wait... (Yes, that was sarcastic. You will not find me taking any cues to human morality from the rest of the animal kingdom. This is one of those major worldview differences between theists and non-theists that we should be discussing. And why belief or non-belief in evolution matters so much.)EDTA
March 25, 2021
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From Wikipedia:
In animal anatomy, a cloaca /klo??e?k?/ kloh-AY-k? (plural cloacae /klo??e?si/ kloh-AY-see or /klo??e?ki/ kloh-AY-kee) is the posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals. All amphibians, reptiles, birds, and a few mammals (monotremes, tenrecs, golden moles, and marsupial moles) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have two or three separate orifices for evacuation. Excretory openings with analogous purpose in some invertebrates are also sometimes referred to as cloacae. Mating through the cloaca is known as cloacal copulation, commonly referred to as cloacal kiss.
Good thing those animals can have anal sex without fear of having a mental disorder.JVL
March 25, 2021
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So, ET, to be clear: 1) are oral sex and masturbation OK? 2. Is oral sex OK between unmarried people? 3. Mouths have many functions. Giving sexual pleasure is one of them - true?Viola Lee
March 25, 2021
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