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The bionic antinomy of Darwinism

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Do you remember when I said “when a thing is untrue, if we say it is true we get contradictions” (The Darwinism contradiction of repair systems)? Here I will deal with another contradiction of Darwinism: that we could name its “bionic antinomy”.

According to Wikipedia “Bionics (also known as biomimetics, bio-inspiration, biognosis, biomimicry, or bionical creativity engineering) is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.” In fact, whether we analyze the history of technology, we find how often technical innovations and systems take inspiration from natural models. For some of the more recent examples of biomimetics see The 15 Coolest Cases of Biomimicry. This article synthetically defines bionics as “biologically inspired engineering”.

Bionics divides in sub-fields. For example, robotics, cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence try even to simulate the human body and mind. By the way these research fields are far from having achieved their long-term goal: to construct an artificial intelligent living being. These sub-fields of bionics, despite they are at the forefront of the technological advance, are those where the qualitative differences between artificial and natural systems are maximum. Matters of principle do exist that scientists never will succeed in such task of artificial creation of a true intelligent living being. Yes they will succeed to construct a robot simulating a human, but this robot will be neither really intelligent nor living. And less than less it will be a real “being” either. But this is another story…

The story herein is the strange phenomenon that happens when bionic and biological systems are put on the same table and compared. When a system “biologically inspired” to a certain biological system is considered in technology the terminology applied to it is engineering jargon (what else). When that biological system itself is considered in biology the terminology applied is purely Darwinian. For example, before the sonar of a submarine they say it is sophisticated engineering; before the sonar of a bat they say it is natural selection. This odd double standard always struck me.

What makes this double standard even more absurd is that, as noted above about robotics, the natural systems usually are more optimized and efficient than the equivalent artificial ones. For example, the bats have an echometer emitting 100 kHz supersonic pulses at a frequency of 30 times per second. These waves are reflected and distorted by the surrounding objects and their echoes are intercepted and elaborated by the bat to catch its prey and also just to get around. The signal processing of these echoes is so accurate to allow bats to fly, twisting, looping and zig-zagging through the air, into a completely dark room intersected by tens pianoforte strings without grazing them. The bat’s echometer has more accuracy, more efficiency, less power consumption and less size than any artificial sonar constructed by engineers. What … technological jewel! And many other wonderful examples could be considered in nature.

Let’s try to formalize somehow as a very logic antinomy the double standard situation described above.

(1) Intelligence is what creates and optimizes artificial systems by inserting complex specified information into them. Intelligence is the unique source of CSI.
(2) Bionic systems are fully created by intelligence. Say B the CSI of a bionic system, B > 0.
(3) A bionic system is less efficient than the similar natural system (say N its CSI). Then B < N.
(4) Natural systems are not created by intelligence, then N = 0. This is the fundamental axiom of Darwinian evolution: natural systems seem to be designed by intelligence but it is an illusion only.
(5) From #3 (B < N) and #4 (N = 0) we have B < 0.
(6) From #2 and #5 we have in the same time B > 0 and B < 0, i.e. an absurdum.

The above reasoning logically proves that the evolutionist double standard is a very antinomy. In all logic antinomies there is at least a premise that is untrue. I am sure the UD readers will have no difficulty to discover that the false premise is #4, indeed the Darwinian main hypothesis (all species arose by unintelligent natural processes).
There is a teaching for evolutionists here (as in all other contradictions of Darwinism), simply they cannot have it both ways: biological systems undesigned and their artificial clones designed. Since they cannot deny design in artificial clones, they should resign themselves to consider as designed their biological archetypes too.

Comments
jitsak, You can still discuss it. I am still waiting for your explanation as to why descent with modification produces a nested hierarchy. However you don't seem to understand nested hierarchies...Joseph
November 22, 2009
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Joseph, I would enjoy some more discussion about the tree of life, but my posts are now under moderation, which means that I can no longer reply in real time. I suppose the reason is that I got a little personal with bornagain77 the other day, for which I apologize. Should the moderators see fit to revoke this measure, I'll be happy to discuss once again.jitsak
November 21, 2009
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Zachriel:
The evidence can only be seen in the light of Common Descent, so that has to be established first. Good luck with that.
There are known incremental pathways for many transitions in the history of evolution.
Only in a "gross anatomy" sort of way. No one can link the genetics with the alleged transitions.
In bats, the distinguishing structures are modifications of existing structures.
Yet to modify the structures means the DNA must be modified. But there isn't any genetic data which would demonstrate the transformations required are even possible. Nothing in genetics that shows mutations build useful things and create new body plans.
Again, we have to start with Common Descent or these statements lack context.
That is the problem You want to start with something that needs to be scientifically demonstrated in the first place.
Joseph
November 21, 2009
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Clive Hayden: No, small mutations to the genes cannot bring about novel and beneficial changes of the sort required to bring about a bat from a mouse.
The evidence can only be seen in the light of Common Descent, so that has to be established first.
Clive Hayden: small mutations to the genes cannot bring about novel and beneficial changes of the sort required to bring about a bat from a mouse.
There are known incremental pathways for many transitions in the history of evolution. In bats, the distinguishing structures are modifications of existing structures. Again, we have to start with Common Descent or these statements lack context.
Clive Hayden: And as far as “nocturnal flying insectivore” being a “wide open niche” as “evidence”, is really just “after the fact” speculation, like saying that fruit-bearing trees exist because “upright, wooden, tall, non-sentient, pear-bearing” was a “wide open niche”.
Did you have actual evidence that the niche was already filled? Or are you really saying you don't consider insectivore a valid and important ecological niche?Zachriel
November 21, 2009
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Zachriel,
For instance, common descent of bats and other mammals is strongly supported. It doesn’t require a theory of genetics to have a high level of scientific confidence. In addition, we can show that small changes to genes consistent with mutation can bring about many of the required changes. We can show that “‘nocturnal flying insectivore’ was a wide open niche,” meaning the changes were selectable and a rapid radiation is expected.
You should read Chesterton's essay Doubts about Darwinism pertaining to bats evolving. His criticism is just as valid today as it was when he wrote it. No, small mutations to the genes cannot bring about novel and beneficial changes of the sort required to bring about a bat from a mouse. And as far as "nocturnal flying insectivore" being a "wide open niche" as "evidence", is really just "after the fact" speculation, like saying that fruit-bearing trees exist because "upright, wooden, tall, non-sentient, pear-bearing" was a "wide open niche". Or we can speculate even further, and say that "blue jumping carnivores that eat upside down from pear trees was a wide open niche". You can always tell a story, whether that story has any actual purchase on reality is questionable, and should be questioned. I'm not interested in story-time retrofit into the gap where there is no actual evidence.Clive Hayden
November 21, 2009
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Chapter IV of prominent geneticist Giuseppe Sermonti's book Why is a Fly Not a Horse? is titled "Wobbling Stability". In that chapter he discusses what I have been talking about in other threads- that populations oscillate. The following is what he has to say which is based on thorough scientific investigation:
Sexuality has brought joy to the world, to the world of the wild beasts, and to the world of flowers, but it has brought an end to evolution. In the lineages of living beings, whenever absent-minded Venus has taken the upper hand, forms have forgotten to make progress. It is only the husbandman that has improved strains, and he has done so by bullying, enslaving, and segregating. All these methods, of course, have made for sad, alienated animals, but they have not resulted in new species. Left to themselves, domesticated breeds would either die out or revert to the wild state—scarcely a commendable model for nature’s progress.
(snip a few paragraphs on peppered moths)
Natural Selection, which indeed occurs in nature (as Bishop Wilberforce, too, was perfectly aware), mainly has the effect of maintaining equilibrium and stability. It eliminates all those that dare depart from the type—the eccentrics and the adventurers and the marginal sort. It is ever adjusting populations, but it does so in each case by bringing them back to the norm. We read in the textbooks that, when environmental conditions change, the selection process may produce a shift in a population’s mean values, by a process known as adaptation. If the climate turns very cold, the cold-adapted beings are favored relative to others.; if it becomes windy, the wind blows away those that are most exposed; if an illness breaks out, those in questionable health will be lost. But all these artful guiles serve their purpose only until the clouds blow away. The species, in fact, is an organic entity, a typical form, which may deviate only to return to the furrow of its destiny; it may wander from the band only to find its proper place by returning to the gang.
Everything that disassembles, upsets proportions or becomes distorted in any way is sooner or later brought back to the type. There has been a tendency to confuse fleeting adjustments with grand destinies, minor shrewdness with signs of the times.
It is true that species may lose something on the way—the mole its eyes, say, and the succulent plant its leaves, never to recover them again. But here we are dealing with unhappy, mutilated species, at the margins of their area of distribution—the extreme and the specialized. These are species with no future; they are not pioneers, but prisoners in nature’s penitentiary.
The point being, that IF it were left to direct scientific observations, evolutionism fails miserably and all that is left is wishful thinking supported by speculation. All that is left for Zachriel or any other evolutionist to do is to assert that Dr Sermonti is mistaken. But one will quickly notice the total lack of evidentiary support for such a premise.Joseph
November 21, 2009
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Zachriel:
The available research is indicating natural processes, e.g. horizontal mechanisms.
Design is also a natural process, ie it exists in nature. The question is are those "horizontal mechanisms" non-telic- meaning undirected and non-targeted?
What is required in science is entailed predictions, e.g. showing that small changes to regulatory genes can cause the sorts of changes required, or fossils with primitive traits fitting the nested hierarchy.
They wouldn't fit any nested hierarchy for the many reasons already provided. Sequences do not make nested hierarchies and transitional forms violate the distinct category requirement. Also no one has shown that any amount of change in any genome can account for the transformations required. And blind, undirected processes sure as heck cannot account for regulatory networks.
For instance, common descent of bats and other mammals is strongly supported.
By bald assertion. You still don't have any scientific way to test your claim that tghe transformations required can be obtained by modifying genomes. You don't have any clue what genes/ DNA sequences would have to be modified. And yes bats did evolve- from some original populations of bats. That is what the science demonstrates.Joseph
November 21, 2009
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Mung: The “complexity” of the root is irrelevant.
It's certainly of importance to biology, the understanding of life's history, and unraveling the complexity of the cell.
Mung: The roots serve a function. The function that the roots serve is teleological.
I have no idea what that means. It sounds like you're saying it's a Gap to hide teleology in.
Mung: Since “evolution,” as you are using the term, means “non-teleological,” “evolution,” as you are using the term, is indeed invalidated.
That only follows if you show that the Gap is filled with your predilection. The available research is indicating natural processes, e.g. horizontal mechanisms.
Mung: If the tree shrew is a modern living organism, we would first have to “de-volve” it back to the common ancestor between the bat and the shrew, and then “evolve” that common ancestor into a bat.
Fortunately, such a direct demonstration isn't required. What is required in science is entailed predictions, e.g. showing that small changes to regulatory genes can cause the sorts of changes required, or fossils with primitive traits fitting the nested hierarchy. Of course, this doesn't "prove" that evolution occured, but the more of these sorts of predictions and observations that are made, the more confident we can be of our theories. For instance, common descent of bats and other mammals is strongly supported. It doesn't require a theory of genetics to have a high level of scientific confidence. In addition, we can show that small changes to genes consistent with mutation can bring about many of the required changes. We can show that "'nocturnal flying insectivore' was a wide open niche," meaning the changes were selectable and a rapid radiation is expected. Then there's all that other evidence supporting the Theory of Evolution. We have good reason to believe that bats evolved, just like everything else.Zachriel
November 21, 2009
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Nakashima, No mind reading required. Your position doesn't have any scientific data that supports it. Neither you, nor anyone else, knows whether or not any amount of genetic modification can account for the diversity of life from some unknown populations of single-celled organisms. BTW "tin"foil has been replaced by aluminum foil- that was some 60 years ago...Joseph
November 21, 2009
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What we can’t do is modify the genome of treeshrews and get a bat.
And I don't think we should be able to. If the tree shrew is a modern living organism, we would first have to "de-volve" it back to the common ancestor between the bat and the shrew, and then "evolve" that common ancestor into a bat. I seriously doubt that it is possible to "devolve" a living organism back into an ancestral form, and thence to "evolve" it into something completely different. Of course, as with any good empiricist, i'm willing to consider evidence to the contrary.Mung
November 20, 2009
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Mr Mung, The roots serve a function. The function that the roots serve is teleological. Since this is a pretty bald assertion, I wonder if you could unpack your meaning a bit more. Roots and trees as descriptions of evolution are imperfect analogies. The beings of a few billion years ago are closer to being our seed than our root, in the sense that 'the child is parent to the man'. Even so, you can say that seeds have a purpose also, and I would agree with you - to make more seeds. Divining a greater purpose than that is beyond me.Nakashima
November 20, 2009
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To bornagain77: Dude, is there any chance whatsoever you can keep your posts under the size of the largest genome known to man?Mung
November 20, 2009
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The tree of life is still very much alive. Just like a real tree, the root is more complex than we thought before. In no way does this invalidate evolution.
The "complexity" of the root is irrelevant. The roots serve a function. The function that the roots serve is teleological. Since "evolution," as you are using the term, means "non-teleological," "evolution," as you are using the term, is indeed invalidated.Mung
November 20, 2009
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Mr Joseph, You think that the movie “The Island of Dr Moreau” was just a look into the future- not science fiction, science in the future! When you are done mind reading please pass the tinfoil helmet back to Mr BA^77.Nakashima
November 20, 2009
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Nakashima, Genes may influence development but they do not determine it. However I hope scientists start with that type of experiment- perhaps a real live Dr Moreau will pop up. That is your "gospel"- right? You think that the movie "The Island of Dr Moreau" was just a look into the future- not science fiction, science in the future! Sweet...Joseph
November 20, 2009
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Yeah maybe someday Gingerich will find the genes that, when modified, can account for the 50,000+ transitional forms that had to have existed if whales did indeed evolve from land mammals. And the fact that we observe a nested hierarchy at all should be evidence against Common Descent. Darwin said that descent with modification would lead to "groups under groups" and Doug Theobald twisted that to "groups within groups" and a bunch of very gullible evolutionists- what evolutionist isn't gullible?- took his misrepresentation and ran with it. Ya see descent with modification can lead to a lineage- which is a LINE of descent. Lines are not to be confused for nested hierarchies. Not even branching lines.Joseph
November 20, 2009
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Mr Joseph, What we can’t do is modify the genome of treeshrews and get a bat. Yet. The point is not to take a highly conserved protein (such as PAX6) and move it across genomes, it is to take the non-conserved genes that represent the differences (such as bat FoxP2) and move them across genomes.Nakashima
November 20, 2009
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bornagain77: I would like to point out that this following, “annihilation” of Darwin’s genetic tree of life,
The tree of life is alive and well for the vast majority of taxa. For reference, there are over a thousand recent articles in the journal Genetics, and nearly three thousand articles in the journal Nature, that include references to the "phylogenetic tree." Quote-mining from individual scientists doesn't reprensent either the consensus view in biology, the facts, or even necessarily the views of the authors. That the tree metaphor may not apply at the trunk of the tree is something that has been an issue in biology since Darwin. Nevertheless, it applies for the vast majority of taxonomic categories. We know the nested hierarchy is more than an artifact of categorization because we can make verifiable predictions. For instance, if you find an astragalus with a double-pulley system then we can reliably predict that the organism is an animal that consumes other organisms, has vertebrae containing a nerve cord, a cranium with an array of sense organs, an even number of toes, hair, a complex digestive system, mammary glands. We know all this because the vast amount of data supporting phylogeny and the specifics of bovid physiology. All from an ankle bone.
bornagain77: it is comical for you to say discontinuity is “expected” from evolution,,, But of course evolution predicts everything and can be falsified by nothing, and thus is not science!!!!
Individual fossils can only be individual data on the phylogenetic tree. I did not use the term "discontinuous."
bornagain77:
Definition of the genus Homo is almost as fraught as the definition of Homo sapiens.
That they can be difficult to classify is exactly what we expect of a gradual, evolutionary process. (You might responding to the point, instead of repeating your quote-mines.)
bornagain77: The proposed Whale Evolution of Darwinists is a gross insult to reason:
So Gingerich and his crew, who predict from the Theory of Common Descent the placement of species of heretofore unknown species of cetaceans, cetaceans with hind limbs, journey to the wastelands of Egypt where they find exposed strata of the appropriate age, and pull out fossils that verify their predictions, are a gross insult to your reason.Zachriel
November 20, 2009
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Nakashima, The existence of intermediate forms does just means phenotypic plasticity exists. It does not mean one form "evolved" to/ from the other. And yes we can swap genes- put a PAX 6 from a mouse into a fruit fly and the fruit fly develops fruit fly eyes. What we can't do is modify the genome of treeshrews and get a bat.Joseph
November 20, 2009
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Mr Joseph, I'm surprised you would repeat this argument when we have living species that demonstrate intermediate forms between tree shrew and bat. I think that what you are suggesting is that we sequence the genomes of these species that inhabit the niches close to the current bat niche, and look for patterns in gene modifications. These are exactly the differences discussed in the article I referenced in message 12 above. Have you read it? Of course we can swap genes between animals now, we've even put human Foxp2 in mice. So the claim can be tested by making modifications to genomes and looking at the resulting phenotypes.Nakashima
November 20, 2009
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Nakashima, Modifications come via mutations. And there isn't any genetic data that demonstrates the transformations/ modifications required are even possible. IOW you don't have any way to test your claim.Joseph
November 20, 2009
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Mr Niwrad, Indeed, I'm sure that ancestor of echolocating bats had good ears and a larynx. it had a brain that could integrate signals captured by the ears to create a model of its local environment. Creating an echolocation system requires modifying that basic equipment to preferentially create a specific pitch (slightly modify the larynx, preferentially hear that pitch and close deviations (slightly modify the cochlea and ear bones), and be preferentially sensitive to timing differences (slightly modify the aural processing in the brain). I think the biggest change is creating the pulse formation process, but that may fall out naturally of breathing hard during flapping. Complex, but built from parts that were already installed and tested in similar models!Nakashima
November 20, 2009
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Vistor Tussle, It means that the "evidence" for Common Descent is based on the assumption of Common Descent and cannot be objectively tested. You can't even point to mutations accumulating in such a way as to give rise to new and useful protein machinery. And you have no idea what determines the final form of the organism. But anyway I do not rule out Common Descent I just say there isn't any scientific data to support it. It is all based on faith. Faith in "Magical Mystery Mutations".Joseph
November 20, 2009
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jitsak, Neither Common Descent nor the theory of evolution predict a nested hierarchy for the many reasons I and Dr Denton have provided. 1- Transitional forms- by their very nature- demonstrate that nested hierarchies are not expected. 2- "Evolution" does NOT have a direction beyond "survival" and nested hierarchies demand a direction of immutable and additive characteristics. 3- Only via design would we expect a nested hierarchy. Which is why it was first used as evidence for a Common Design. And true you don't have to take my word for it that no one knows whetehr or not any amount of mutational accumulation can account for the changes required. You can't even point to a peer-reviewed paper that demonstrates mutations can build useful protein machinery never mind changing body plans.Joseph
November 20, 2009
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Zachriel:
Not only does the fossil record support Common Descent across most taxa, but so does the molecular evidence.
The vast majority of the fossil record is of marine invertebrates. Common Descent is absent from that vast majority. And there isn't any molecular evidence that demonstrates the transformtaions required are even possible.
Due to the the nested hierarchy, if we find, for instance, a skull, we can make all sorts of predictions about other characteristics of the organism.
As you have been told before nested hierarchy is not expected from Common Descent. Transitional forms would violate the nesting.Joseph
November 20, 2009
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Zach: I would like to point out that this following, “annihilation” of Darwin’s genetic tree of life, article came out on the very day that Dr. Hillis, a self-proclaimed “world leading expert” on the genetic tree of life, testified before the Texas State Board Of Education that the genetic tree of life overwhelmingly confirmed gradual Darwinian evolution. One could almost argue it was “Intelligently Designed” for him to exposed as a fraud on that particular day of his testimony instead of just any other day of the year. Why Darwin was wrong about the (genetic) tree of life: - 21 January 2009 ."We've just annihilated the (Darwin's) tree of life. It's not a tree any more, it's a different topology entirely," says Syvanen. "What would Darwin have made of that?" http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126921.600-why-darwin-was-wrong-about-the-tree-of-life.html Zach it is comical for you to say discontinuity is "expected" from evolution,,, But of course evolution predicts everything and can be falsified by nothing, and thus is not science!!!! The first line of the " Evolution of the Genus Homo" paper illustrates the poverty of the fossil record in establishing human evolution: Evolution of the Genus Homo - Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences - Tattersall, Schwartz, May 2009 Excerpt: "Definition of the genus Homo is almost as fraught as the definition of Homo sapiens. We look at the evidence for “early Homo,” finding little morphological basis for extending our genus to any of the 2.5–1.6-myr-old fossil forms assigned to “early Homo” or Homo habilis/rudolfensis." http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100202 The proposed Whale Evolution of Darwinists is a gross insult to reason: Whale Evolution? - Exposing The Deception - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyUqoTsmqbA What Does It take To Change A Cow Into A Whale - David Berlinski - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRqdvhL3pgM Within the same roughly 55 million years of time that whales are purported to have dramatically arisen from some wolf-like animal with +50,000 major morphological innovations, bats have changed very little. Bats popped out of the supposed evolutionary woodwork about 55 million years ago. They first appear as a radically new yet fully developed form, which was not in any way significantly different from modern bats. Their debut in the fossil record is sudden, complete, and lacks intermediaries. Australonycteris clarkae is the oldest bat ever found in the fossil record at 54.6 million years old. The ear bones of Australonycteris show that it could navigate using echolocation just like modern bats. Of note; The bat’s echometer has more accuracy, more efficiency, less power consumption and less size than any artificial sonar constructed by engineers. The echometer cannot be installed into the bat in the afterward as a simple plug-in, rather echometer and brain had to be designed as a whole system from the beginning. (niwrad) http://focus.ti.com/docs/solution/folders/print/119.html The same could be said for equines: "The construction of the whole Cenozoic family tree of the horse is therefore a very artificial one, since it is put together from non-equivalent parts, and cannot therefore be a continuous transformation series". Dr. Heribert Nilsson - Evolutionist - Former Director of the Swedish Botanical Institute. etc...etc...etc...bornagain77
November 20, 2009
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Frost122585: The bottom line with universal common ancestry is that the fossil evidence is very poor.
Not only does the fossil record support Common Descent across most taxa, but so does the molecular evidence.
Frost122585: and in the cases of human and ape like creatures the sequences change all the time- and the perputed “missing link” has been claimed ot hav ebeen found many times and each time it gets up into either a category of ape or man.
Homo habilis and Australopithecines are hardly "man" or "ape." That they can be difficult to classify is exactly what we expect of a gradual, evolutionary process. In addition, there are many other well delineated evolutionary transitions, such as in equines.
Frost122585: In the second best case of a transitional you have the whale transitions- which consists of one good skull with teeth and a few bones of the body with the rest of the body left up to speculative reconstructions.
Due to the the nested hierarchy, if we find, for instance, a skull, we can make all sorts of predictions about other characteristics of the organism. So sometimes fragmentary evidence can tell us a lot. In any case, there are a number of excellent specimens available, including a virtually complete skeleton of Dorudon atrox with retained hind limbs. The existence of intermediate species is a verifiable prediction of evolutionary theory.
Frost122585: The transitional fossil record is incredibly incomplete.
Yes, but of all the thousands of known vertebrate fossils, all of them support the nested hierarchy predicted by Common Descent.
Frost122585: We have plenty of Dinosaur fossils from over 200 million years ago but they of course mysteriously show stasis.
Dinosauria cladogramZachriel
November 20, 2009
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To give an idea of the complexity of an echolocation system here is a simplified block diagram of a radar/sonar equipment. Mutatis mutandis in the bats there must be something similar. What has to be emphasized is the strict interfacing between the front-end parts (transmit/receive units) and the back/end parts (brain/processor). The transmission/receiving functions and the signal processing functions must work as an integrated system. Such integration tells us that practically the echometer cannot be installed into the bat in the afterward as a simple plug-in, rather echometer and brain had to be designed as a whole system just from the beginning. Considerations based on irreducible complexity here are a must. Of course this is the negation of bat’s evolution (as by the way fossils prove).niwrad
November 20, 2009
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Nak, I didn't believe any such thing as satellites finding species but ignored that obvious deception so as to concentrate on speciation events,,, That I would ignore a obvious deception on your part to concentrate on the science and then have you think that you are so clever is pathetic really. I am so use to you guys lying I just ignore the lies automatically I guess... That you would find delight in what you think is a sucessful deception is very telling as to your true character!! and my bet still stands for any speciation event found by whatever method you choose,,,bornagain77
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Jitsak, if overshooting to try to have "too much" God in my life is a bad thing in your eyes so be it,,, I actually thought I was not sincere enough in seeking Him and would consider having more of God in my life to be very pleasant thing, since He is indeed the source of all that is good in my life,,, but to your statement: "the root is more complex than we thought before" And what root do you have Jitsak, besides the one in your imagination? (What evidence is found for the appearance of all species of life on earth, and is man the last species to appear on earth? ) we come to the evidence found for the amazing variety of complex life on earth. Psalm 104:24 O Lord, how manifold are your works! In wisdom you have made them all. The earth is full of Your possessions Again the materialistic presumption of blind chance being the only reasonable cause must be dealt with. Exactly how did all these different forms of life get here? There are only two options for how this amazing variety of life got here; life either originates on this earth gradually by blind evolutionary processes, or life is deliberately introduced by a Creator, either suddenly and/or gradually. "If complex organisms ever did evolve from simpler ones, the process took place contrary to the laws of nature, and must have involved what may rightly be termed the miraculous." R.E.D. Clark, Victoria Institute (1943), p. 63. Many people have been taught the evidence in the fossil record overwhelmingly confirms gradual evolution. Yet this is not the case at all. The fossil record itself is one of the most crushing things for people who believe in gradual evolution. In fact, what is termed the “Cambrian Explosion” is a total departure from the gradual theory of evolution and yet finds easy resolution for its suddenness in God's fifth day of creation in Genesis. Genesis 1:20 Then God said, "Let the waters teem with swarms of living creatures,",,, Investigating Evolution: The Cambrian Explosion Part 1 - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DkbmuRhXRY Part 2 - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZFM48XIXnk "Darwin's Dilemma examines some of the most important fossil discoveries ever made and with them, a mystery deeper than Charles Darwin ever imagined. For the fossil record of the Cambrian Explosion does not reveal the gradual development of life forms as Darwin posited in his work, but a period in which compound eyes, articulated limbs, sophisticated sensory organs and skeletal frames burst into existence seemingly out of nowhere." - Anika Smith - Discovery Institute It is in the ancient seas of the Cambrian explosion, some 540 million years ago, where we find the abrupt appearance of many strangely diverse and complex forms of life. These complex life-forms appear suddenly with no evidence of transition from the bacteria and few other stable, and simple, life-forms that preceded them in the fossil record. These following quotes clearly illustrate this point. Materialistic Basis of the Cambrian Explosion is Elusive: BioEssays Vol. 31 (7):736 - 747 - July 2009 Excerpt: "going from an essentially static system billions of years in existence to the one we find today, a dynamic and awesomely complex system whose origin seems to defy explanation. Part of the intrigue with the Cambrian explosion is that numerous animal phyla with very distinct body plans arrive on the scene in a geological blink of the eye, with little or no warning of what is to come in rocks that predate this interval of time." ---"Thus, elucidating the materialistic basis of the Cambrian explosion has become more elusive, not less, the more we know about the event itself, and cannot be explained away by coupling extinction of intermediates with long stretches of geologic time, despite the contrary claims of some modern neo-Darwinists." Deepening Darwin's Dilemma - Jonathan Wells - Sept. 2009 Excerpt: "The truth is that (finding) “exceptionally preserved microbes” from the late Precambrian actually deepen Darwin’s dilemma, because they suggest that if there had been ancestors to the Cambrian phyla they would have been preserved." Evolution's Big Bang: “Yet, here is the real puzzle of the Cambrian Explosion for the theory of evolution. All the known phyla (large categories of biological classification), except one, first appear in the Cambrian period. There are no ancestors. There are no intermediates. Fossil experts used to think that the Cambrian lasted 75 million years.... Eventually the Cambrian was shortened to only 30 million years. If that wasn't bad enough, the time frame of the real work of bringing all these different creatures into existence was shortened to the first five to ten million years of the Cambrian. This is extraordinarily fast! Harvard's Stephen Jay Gould stated, "Fast is now a lot faster than we thought, and that is extraordinarily interesting." What an understatement! "Extraordinarily impossible" might be a better phrase! .... The differences between the creatures that suddenly appear in the Cambrian are enormous. In fact these differences are so large many of these animals are one of a kind. Nothing like them existed before and nothing like them has ever appeared again.” Dr. Raymond G. Bohlin, University of Illinois (B.S., zoology), North Texas State University (M.S., population genetics), University of Texas at Dallas (M.S., Ph.D., molecular biology). The Science of God - Gerald L. Schroeder - pages 36-37 "Eyes and gills, jointed limbs and intestines, sponges and worms and insects and fish, all had appeared simultaneously. There had not been a gradual evolution of simple phyla such as sponges into the more complex phyla of worms and then on to other life forms such as insects. According to these fossils, at the most fundamental level of animal life, the phylum or basic body plan, the dogma of classical Darwinian evolution, that the simple had evolved into the more complex, that invertebrates had evolved into vertebrates over one hundred to two hundred million year was fantasy, not fact." A "peer reviewed" paper was recently published in 2004, pointing out the obvious impossibilities of evolutionary processes producing such an explosion of complex functional information in the Cambrian explosion. Yet, just for questioning that unguided Darwinian evolution could do as such, the paper brought forth much persecution of the editor who dared allowed the heretical publication of "doubting the sufficiency of non-guided evolution" to produce such massive amounts of complex functional information in the Cambrian explosion. The persecution was so severe it even caught the attention of a Congressional Investigation Committee. This is a video clip and website describing that persecution: Get Expelled - Richard Sternberg - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HS03sGrehI Here is an excerpt of that rather inoffensive peer reviewed paper which ruffled so many Darwinian feathers: Origin of Biological Information and the Higher Taxonomic Categories By: Stephen C. Meyer; Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington "To say that the fauna of the Cambrian period appeared in a geologically sudden manner also implies the absence of clear transitional intermediate forms connecting Cambrian animals with simpler pre-Cambrian forms. And, indeed, in almost all cases, the Cambrian animals have no clear morphological antecedents in earlier Vendian or Precambrian fauna (Miklos 1993, Erwin et al. 1997:132, Steiner & Reitner 2001, Conway Morris 2003b:510, Valentine et al. 2003:519-520). Further, several recent discoveries and analyses suggest that these morphological gaps may not be merely an artifact of incomplete sampling of the fossil record (Foote 1997, Foote et al. 1999, Benton & Ayala 2003, Meyer et al. 2003), suggesting that the fossil record is at least approximately reliable (Conway Morris 2003b:505)." http://www.discovery.org/a/2177 Interestingly, "simple" Jellyfish and Sponges appeared suddenly in the fossil record a few ten million years before the Cambrian Explosion, and have remained virtually unchanged since they first appeared in the fossil record. Moreover, contrary to evolutionary thinking, Jellyfish and Sponges appear to have essential purpose in preparing the ecosystem for the Cambrian Explosion that was to follow. Marine animals cause a stir - July 2009 Excerpt: Kakani Katija and John Dabiri used field measurements of jellyfish swimming in a remote island lake, combined with a new theoretical model, to demonstrate that the contribution of living organisms to ocean mixing via this mechanism is substantial — of the same order of magnitude as winds and tides. (Winds and tides, due to their prevention of stagnation, are known to be essential for life on earth.) Sponges Determine Coral Reef's Nutrient Cycle Excerpt: Sponges, which have worldwide distribution in the oceans, filter water. They take up planktonic particles such as bacteria and excrete inorganic nutrients. In turn, these nutrients can facilitate the growth of marine plants and other organisms. Sponges filter water at a phenomenal rate: if the seawater were to remain stationary, the sponges would have completely pumped it away within five minutes,,,, these organisms play a key role in the marine nutrient cycle due to their incredible capacity to convert enormous quantities of organic plankton into inorganic material (nutrients). Fossils of all types of sponges alive today have been found virtually unchanged in rocks dated from 580 to 523 million years ago. Sponges with photosynthesizing endosymbionts produce up to three times more oxygen than they consume, as well as more organic matter than they consume. (Wikipedia) Barrel and Chimney Sponges Filtering Water - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc The mysterious Ediacara biota, which appeared alongside the Sponges and Jellyfish in the fossil record, and which defy classification as either plant or animal, much less classification of essential symbiotic purpose, largely disappeared from the fossil record a few million years before the Cambrian Explosion. The scant "track" evidence for worms in the pre-Cambrian has now been brought into question: Discovery Of Giant Roaming Deep Sea Protist Provides New Perspective On Animal Evolution: Excerpt: This is the first time a single-celled organism has been shown to make such animal-like traces. The finding is significant, because similar fossil grooves and furrows found from the Precambrian era, as early as 1.8 billion years ago, have always been attributed to early evolving multicellular animals. "If our giant protists were alive 600 million years ago and the track was fossilized, a paleontologist unearthing it today would without a shade of doubt attribute it to a kind of large, multicellular, bilaterally symmetrical animal," says Matz, an assistant professor of integrative biology. "We now have to rethink the fossil record." The “real work” of the beginning of the Cambrian Explosion may in actuality be as short as a two to three million year time frame (Ross: Creation as Science 2006) which is well within what is termed the "geologic resolution time" i.e. The time frame for the main part of the Cambrian Explosion apparently can't be shortened any further due to limitations of our accurately dating this ancient time period more precisely. "The Cambrian Explosion was so short that it is below the resolution of the fossil record. It could have happened overnight. So we don't know the duration of the Cambrian Explosion. We just know that it was very, very, fast." Jonathan Wells - Darwin's Dilemma Quote Storming the Beaches of Norman - Jonathan Wells Excerpt: Even if the Cambrian explosion had lasted 40 million years, as Westrop had claimed, there would not have been enough time for unguided processes to produce the enormous amount of specified complexity in the DNA of the animal phyla. If this abrupt appearance for all these completely different and unique phyla was not bad enough for materialists, the fossil record shows there was actually more variety of phyla by the end of the Cambrian explosion than there is today due to extinction. Of Note: "Phyla are broad categories of classification. All fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals are in the same phylum. Squid, octopi, oysters, clams and snails are in another phylum. Lobsters, crayfish, insects, and millipedes are in still another." Ray Bohlin PhD “A simple way of putting it is that currently we have about 38 phyla of different groups of animals, but the total number of phyla discovered during the Cambrian explosion (including those in China, Canada, and elsewhere) adds up to over 50 phyla. (Actually the number 50 was first quoted as over 100 for a while, but then the consensus became 50-plus.) That means there are more phyla in the very, very beginning, where we found the first fossils, than exist now.” “Also, the animal explosion caught people's attention when the Chinese confirmed they found a genus now called Yunnanzoon that was present in the very beginning of the Cambrian explosion. This genus is considered a chordate, and the phylum Chordata includes fish, mammals and man. An evolutionist would say the ancestor of humans was present then. Looked at more objectively, you could say the most complex animal group, the chordates, were represented at the very beginning, and they did not go through a slow gradual evolution to become a chordate.” Dr. Paul Chien PhD., chairman of the biology department at the University of San Francisco Challenging Fossil of a Little Fish "In Chen’s view, his evidence supports a history of life that runs opposite to the standard evolutionary tree diagrams, a progression he calls top-down evolution." Jun-Yuan Chen is professor at the Nanjing Institute of Paleontology and Geology The evolutionary theory would have us believe we should have more phyla today due to ongoing evolutionary processes: Origin of Phyla - The Fossil Evidence - Timeline Graph http://lutheranscience.org/images/GraphC2.gif The hard facts of science betray the materialist once again. Some materialists say the evidence for the fossils transmutation into radically new forms is out there somewhere; we just have not found it yet. To justify this belief, a materialist will often say soft bodied fossils were not preserved in the pre-Cambrian fossil record, so transitional fossils were just not recorded in the fossil record in the first place (artifact hypothesis). Yet, the Chinese Cambrian fossil record is excellent for the preservation of delicate pre-Cambrian fossils. Challenging Fossil of a Little Fish What they had actually proved was that Chinese phosphate is fully capable of preserving whatever animals may have lived there in Precambrian times. Because they found sponges and sponge embryos in abundance, researchers are no longer so confident that Precambrian animals were too soft or too small to be preserved. “I think this is a major mystery in paleontology,” said Chen. “Before the Cambrian, we should see a number of steps: differentiation of cells, differentiation of tissue, of dorsal and ventral, right and left. But we don’t have strong evidence for any of these.” Taiwanese biologist Li was also direct: “No evolution theory can explain these kinds of phenomena.” "Without gradualism, we are back to a miracle." Richard Dawkins So the problem for the materialist has not been alleviated. In fact the problem has become much worse. As Dr. Ray Bohlin stated, some of these recently discovered fossils are extremely unique and defy any sort of transitional scenario to any of the other fossils found during the Cambrian explosion. Besides the fossil record, recent DNA analysis testifies against any transitional scenario between Cambrian phyla: The new animal phylogeny: Reliability and implications: Excerpt: "The new molecular based phylogeny has several important implications. Foremost among them is the disappearance of "intermediate" taxa between sponges, cnidarians, ctenophores, and the last common ancestor of bilaterians or "Urbilateria."...A corollary is that we have a major gap in the stem leading to the Urbilataria. We have lost the hope, so common in older evolutionary reasoning, of reconstructing the morphology of the "coelomate ancestor" through a scenario involving successive grades of increasing complexity based on the anatomy of extant "primitive" lineages." From Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, in 2000 - I like this following paper for though it is materialistic in its outlook at least Eugene Koonin, unlike many materialists, is brutally honest with the evidence we now have. The Biological Big Bang model for the major transitions in evolution - Eugene V Koonin - Background: "Major transitions in biological evolution show the same pattern of sudden emergence of diverse forms at a new level of complexity. The relationships between major groups within an emergent new class of biological entities are hard to decipher and do not seem to fit the tree pattern that, following Darwin's original proposal, remains the dominant description of biological evolution. The cases in point include the origin of complex RNA molecules and protein folds; major groups of viruses; archaea and bacteria, and the principal lineages within each of these prokaryotic domains; eukaryotic supergroups; and animal phyla. In each of these pivotal nexuses in life's history, the principal "types" seem to appear rapidly and fully equipped with the signature features of the respective new level of biological organization. No intermediate "grades" or intermediate forms between different types are detectable; It should be noted that Koonin goes on to try to account for the origination of the massive amounts of functional information, required for the Cambrian Explosion, by trying to access an "undirected" mechanism of Quantum Mechanics called 'Many Worlds'. Besides Koonin ignoring the fact that Quantum Events, on a whole, are strictly restricted to the transcendent universal laws/constants of the universe, it is also fair to note, in criticism to Koonin's scenario, that appealing to the undirected infinite probabilistic resource, of the quantum mechanics of the Many Worlds scenario, actually greatly increases the amount of totally chaotic information one would expect to see generated. Though Koonin is correct to recognize that the wave function of Quantum Mechanics does not absolutely preclude the sudden appearance of massive amounts of functional information in the fossil record, he is incorrect to disregard the "Logos" of John 1:1 needed to correctly specify the "controlled mechanism of implementation" for the massive amounts of complex functional information witnessed abruptly appearing in the fossil record. This following paper corroborates Koonin's observation of irreconcilable differences being found in the genetic evidence with Darwinian evolution: Why Darwin was wrong about the (genetic) tree of life: - 21 January 2009 Excerpt: Syvanen recently compared 2000 genes that are common to humans, frogs, sea squirts, sea urchins, fruit flies and nematodes. In theory, he should have been able to use the gene sequences to construct an evolutionary tree showing the relationships between the six animals. He failed. The problem was that different genes told contradictory evolutionary stories. This was especially true of sea-squirt genes. Conventionally, sea squirts - also known as tunicates - are lumped together with frogs, humans and other vertebrates in the phylum Chordata, but the genes were sending mixed signals. Some genes did indeed cluster within the chordates, but others indicated that tunicates should be placed with sea urchins, which aren't chordates. "Roughly 50 per cent of its genes have one evolutionary history and 50 per cent another," Syvanen says. ...."We've just annihilated the tree of life. It's not a tree any more, it's a different topology entirely," says Syvanen. "What would Darwin have made of that?" I would like to point out that this, "annihilation" of Darwin's genetic tree of life, article came out on the very day that Dr. Hillis, a self-proclaimed "world leading expert" on the genetic tree of life, testified before the Texas State Board Of Education that the genetic tree of life overwhelmingly confirmed gradual Darwinian evolution. One could almost argue it was "Intelligently Designed" for him to exposed as a fraud on that particular day of his testimony instead of just any other day of the year. In spite of this crushing evidence found in the Cambrian explosion, and DNA analysis of different phyla, most scientists, and thus a large portion of the public, continues to imagine all life on earth descended from a common ancestor and continues to imagine missing links with every new fossil discovery making mainstream media headlines. Yet the true story of life since the Cambrian explosion, which is actually told by the fossil record itself, tells a very different story than the imaginative tales found in mainstream media accounts. "The point emerges that if we examine the fossil record in detail, whether at the level of orders or of species, we find' over and over again' not gradual evolution, but the sudden explosion of one group at the expense of another." Paleontologist, Derek V. Ager "A major problem in proving the theory has been the fossil record; the imprints of vanished species preserved in the Earth's geological formations. This record has never revealed traces of Darwin's hypothetical intermediate variants - instead species appear and disappear abruptly, and this anomaly has fueled the creationist argument that each species was created by God." Paleontologist, Mark Czarnecki "There is no need to apologize any longer for the poverty of the fossil record. In some ways, it has become almost unmanageably rich and discovery is outpacing integration. The fossil record nevertheless continues to be composed mainly of gaps." Professor of paleontology - Glasgow University, T. Neville George "The long-term stasis, following a geologically abrupt origin, of most fossil morphospecies, has always been recognized by professional paleontologists" – Stephen Jay Gould - Harvard "Now, after over 120 years of the most extensive and painstaking geological exploration of every continent and ocean bottom, the picture is infinitely more vivid and complete than it was in 1859. Formations have been discovered containing hundreds of billions of fossils and our museums now are filled with over 100 million fossils of 250,000 different species. The availability of this profusion of hard scientific data should permit objective investigators to determine if Darwin was on the right track. What is the picture which the fossils have given us? ... The gaps between major groups of organisms have been growing even wider and more undeniable. They can no longer be ignored or rationalized away with appeals to imperfection of the fossil record." Luther D. Sunderland, Darwin's Enigma 1988, Fossils and Other Problems, 4th edition, Master Books, p. 9 "The evidence we find in the geological record is not nearly as compatible with Darwinian natural selection as we would like it to be .... We now have a quarter of a million fossil species but the situation hasn't changed much. The record of evolution is surprisingly jerky and, ironically, we have even fewer examples of evolutionary transition than in Darwin's time ... so Darwin's problem has not been alleviated". David Raup, Curator of Geology at Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History "In virtually all cases a new taxon appears for the first time in the fossil record with most definitive features already present, and practically no known stem-group forms." Fossils and Evolution, TS Kemp - Curator of Zoological Collections, Oxford University, Oxford Uni Press, p246, 1999 " Every paleontologist knows that most new species, genera, and families, and that nearly all categories above the level of family appear in the record suddenly and are not led up to by known, gradual, completely continuous transitional sequences.” George Gaylord Simpson (evolutionist), The Major Features of Evolution, New York, Columbia University Press, 1953 p. 360. One persistent misrepresentation, that evolutionists continually portray of the fossil record, is that +99% of all species that have ever existed are extinct when in fact 40 to 80% of all living species found on the earth are represented in the fossil record. Comparing molecular sequences gives the same pattern of discontinuity as the fossil record does: 'The theory makes a prediction (for amino acid sequence similarity); we've tested it, and the prediction is falsified precisely.' Dr. Colin Patterson Senior Principal Scientific Officer in the Paleontology Department at the British Museum Walter T. Brown, In the Beginning (1989), p. 7 Excerpt: "There is not a trace of evidence on the molecular level for the traditional evolutionary series: simple sea life > fish> amphibians > reptiles> mammals. In general, each of the many categories of organisms appear to be equally isolated." Flowering Plant Big Bang: “Flowering plants today comprise around 400,000 species,“To think that the burst that gave rise to almost all of these plants occurred in less than 5 million years is pretty amazing - especially when you consider that flowering plants as a group have been around for at least 130 million years.” Pam Soltis, curator at the Florida Museum of Natural History. "A major problem for Neo-Darwinism is the complete lack of evidence for plant evolution in the fossil record. As a whole, the fossil evidence of prehistoric plants is actually very good, yet no convincing transitional forms have been discovered in the abundant plant fossil record" Jerry Bergman - The Evolution Of Plants - "A Major Problem For Darwinists" - Technical Journal - 2002 online edition "No wonder paleontologists shied away from evolution for so long. It seems never to happen. Assiduous collecting up cliff faces yields zigzags, minor oscillations, and the very occasional slight accumulation of change over millions of years, at a rate too slow to really account for all the prodigious change that has occurred in evolutionary history. When we do see the introduction of evolutionary novelty, it usually shows up with a bang, and often with no firm evidence that the organisms did not evolve elsewhere! Evolution cannot forever be going on someplace else. Yet that's how the fossil record has struck many a forlorn paleontologist looking to learn something about evolution." - Niles Eldredge , "Reinventing Darwin: The Great Evolutionary Debate," 1996, p.95 The flash recovery of ammonoids after the most massive extinction of all time - August 2009: Excerpt: After the End-Permian extinction 252.6 million years ago, ammonoids diversified and recovered 10 to 30 times faster than previous estimates.,,, Furthermore, the duration for estimated recovery after other lesser extinctions all vary between 5 and 15 million years. The result obtained here suggests that these estimates should probably be revised downwards. Psalm 104: 29-30 You hide Your face, they are dismayed; You take away their spirit, they expire And return to their dust. You send forth Your Spirit, they are created; And You renew the face of the ground. Partial List Of Fossil Groups - (without the artificially imposed dotted lines) - Timeline Illustration: http://www.earthhistory.org.uk/wp-content/majorgroups.jpg "Enthusiastic paleontologists in several countries have claimed pieces of this missing record, but the claims have all been disputed and in any case do not provide real connections. That brings me to the second most surprising feature of the fossil record...the abruptness of some of the major changes in the history of life." Ager, D. - Author of "The Nature of the Stratigraphical Record"-1981bornagain77
November 19, 2009
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