Cosmos: If anyone cares at this late date – Why Bruno was executed in 1600

_{Denyse O'Leary

May 26, 2014

Cosmology, News}

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Jay Richards, at Evolution News & Views:

Bruno’s execution, troubling as it was, had virtually nothing to do with his Copernican views. He was condemned and burned in 1600, but it was not because he speculated that the Earth rotated around the sun along with the other planets. He was condemned because he denied the doctrine of the Trinity, the Virgin Birth, and transubstantiation, claimed that all would be saved, and taught that there was an infinite swarm of eternal worlds of which ours was only one. The latter idea he got from the ancient (materialist) philosopher Lucretius. Is it any surprise, then, that, as a defrocked Dominican friar denying essential tenets of Catholic doctrine and drawing strength from the closest thing to an atheist in the Roman world, he might have gotten in trouble with the Inquisition? Yet a documentary series about science and our knowledge of the universe fritters away valuable airtime on this Dominican mystic and heretic, while scarcely mentioning Copernicus, the Polish guy who actually wrote the book proposing a sun-centered universe.

The reason is obvious once you see that Cosmos is not just good ole science education, but rather a glossy multi-million-dollar piece of agitprop for scientific materialism. As such, the biography of Copernicus, whatever its scientific significance, provides precious little fodder of the desired kind. Copernicus died peacefully in his bed just as his book, On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres, was hitting the bookstores (such as there were in 1543). And his most famous disciple, Galileo, despite being censured by the Holy See, died peacefully as well. So it falls to Bruno, who had no scientific achievements, to stand in as a martyr for science. I’d venture that virtually no one other than scholars of Christian history would even know the name of Giordano Bruno but for the propaganda machine of scientific materialism, which needed a martyr for its metanarrative.

Maybe, but the disappointing ratings show that the Cosmos remake is not a good advertisement for scientific materialism. The problem is, most people who would buy the idea don’t really want all the baggage, like Bruno, Gaia, and global warming. And the people who want the baggage are indifferent converts to scientific materialism: Darwin today Gaia tomorrow, panpsychism the day after.

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Comments

bogart: It was the Nazi regime that killed all those Jews. The Nazi regime, per se, was dedicated to a violently anti-Christian view of life. And while it is true that many Nazis were raised in Christian churches, and while it may be true that some Nazis still thought of themselves as Christian even though they committed atrocities, it does not follow that the Nazi behavior was Christian. It is easy to show from the Gospels that it was not. Read about the life of Bonhoeffer. Christianity is not to be equated with formal upbringing. Most Germans were either Catholic or Lutheran at the time. But their faith was often weak, and their churchgoing more a matter of habit or culture than the expression of any deep belief in the truth of the Gospels. Those whose Christianity was truly an expression of the Gospels were not leaders of the Nazi party, did not plan the death camps, and did not direct their operation. Those whose Christianity was truly an expression of the Gospels spoke out, and were shot or imprisoned for it; or they concealed Jews in their homes, or helped smuggle them out of the country. Yes, people belonging to churches and other religious organizations have committed atrocities against native peoples and so on. When they did so, they were not acting in accord with the teachings of their traditions (unless there are some traditions which actually advocate such atrocities, but certainly if such exist Christianity is not one of them). If your point is that people raised Christian have behaved badly, no one would contest that. If your point is that Christian teaching does not guarantee Christian behavior, who could deny that? People are sinful. People are cowardly. People have national and ethnic prejudices. People are greedy and imperialistic. Other desires compete in the human soul with Christian teaching. The behavior of most Christians and most Christian societies is therefore usually only a compromise between good and evil, not a pure expression of good. There may be local exceptions -- perhaps certain Mennonite communities or monastic communities isolated from the main stream of society, but in most of the civilized world, religious traditions are carried out in an imperfect way. This is not news to any historian or to any observer of the world. So what follows from your criticism of religion? That religion should be given up, because it is not perfectly executed? That would be an unreasonable conclusion. The right course seems to be to try to hold one's fellow religious believers to their own high standards. The difference between Christianity on the one hand, and Nazism, Stalinism, Maoism, etc. on the other, is that Christianity has within itself the possibility of self-criticism; Christians can be ashamed of themselves for not living up to the teaching of Christ. In the political ideologies mentioned, however, no such shame is even theoretically possible, since the goals of the Party trump all moral considerations. Nothing is higher than the Party; that is what "totalitarianism" means; those ideologies make a total claim upon the souls of their adherents, and right and wrong are not defined objectively, in such a way that the Party could ever be criticized, but purely subjectively: what is right is the view held by those who are currently masters of the Party. Thus, when Stalin dispossessed and killed thousands of kulaks, it was "right" because the kulaks were a "regressive" element that had to be purged so that the worldwide socialist state could come into being. But when Christians murdered thousands of New World natives, it was possible for some Christians (and there were a few) to speak up against these atrocities, because as Christians they measured things not by the good of Spain, or by the good of Europeans, or by the good of capitalism, or by the good of Empire, etc., but by Christian standards. Thus, while Christianity can be and often has been perverted and inconsistent, the world is better off ruled by Christian principles than by any political ideology. Political ideologies become unquestioned deities which demand our complete subservience, and they allow no criticism of themselves. Christian faith has the ability to inflict a bad conscience upon tyrants and dictators and parties and elites, provided that those people still have some allegiance to Christian principles. But in societies where Christian principles have been thrown out the window, no conscience is left at all, and we see that in states governed by Communist, fascist, or Nazi, principles, and in some cases by fanatical versions of other religious traditions, human life is treated as of no value and dissent from the state or from the views of the majority means death, imprisonment, loss of rights, seizure of one's property, etc. Everybody knocks Christianity, but there is no one on the planet who, given a choice, wouldn't want a consistent Christian as his judge or juror rather than a consistent Stalinist, Nazi, etc. If you want justice, you want to be judged by someone who has humanity, and a conscience, not by an ideologue who will decide your fate on the basis of whether your political views (or your social class or ethnic group) are "progressive" or "regressive."Timaeus_{May 27, 2014
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Acartia,
When you play the numbers game you place yourself in a circular argument that you, by twisted logic, can’t lose.
Actually, playing the numbers game shows that Hitler is not the worst mass murderer of the 20th century, which is the point I was trying to make. Sorry it went over your head.
Hitler couldn’t be a Christian because a Christian would never commit those atrocities. Who is the judge on who is a Christian? These are simple facts: Hitler was raised a Christian; Germany was a predominantly Christian country. If Christians could not commit atrocities, then who killed all those Jews?
Don’t trot out the “no true Scotsman” fallacy. If you want to know how a Christian should behave, read the gospel accounts. Jesus was very plain about how his followers should treat other human beings. Anyone can claim to be a Christian. The judge on who is a Christian is, ultimately, God and Christ, as well as those of us who are intelligent enough to read. People can commit atrocities in the name of God. Does God approve of this? Well, what does his word say? It’s not that hard to figure out. Really.
Yes, some horrors have been caused by atheists.
Many more than have been caused by religious people, as BA notes.
But there have been some caused by Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Shinto, etc. What this tells me is that humans, regardless of religion, often commit crimes against humanity.
That is, unfortunately, imperfect human nature at its worst.
If you think that Christians are immune then you have not read any history. I don’t even include the inquisition amongst these as its atrocities were primarily aimed at those who claimed to be Christian.
Try reading “The Irrational Atheist” sometime. Vox Day explains the Crusades pretty well there.
But remember, that many atrocities have also been caused by misguided good intentions. The Christian record with aboriginal peoples in many countries is nothing to be proud of. Forced conversion, forced removal of children from parents, cultural genocide.
Again, the question you should be asking is: does God approve of cultural genocide? What does his word say?Barb_{May 27, 2014
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_true_ScotsmanPiotr_{May 27, 2014
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Bornagain 14 and Barb 18: When you play the numbers game you place yourself in a circular argument that you, by twisted logic, can't lose. Hitler couldn't be a Christian because a Christian would never commit those atrocities. Who is the judge on who is a Christian? These are simple facts: Hitler was raised a Christian; Germany was a predominantly Christian country. If Christians could not commit atrocities, then who killed all those Jews? Yes, some horrors have been caused by atheists. But there have been some caused by Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Shinto, etc. What this tells me is that humans, regardless of religion, often commit crimes against humanity. If you think that Christians are immune then you have not read any history. I don't even include the inquisition amongst these as its atrocities were primarily aimed at those who claimed to be Christian. They just weren't Christian enough for some people's liking. But remember, that many atrocities have also been caused by misguided good intentions. The Christian record with aboriginal peoples in many countries is nothing to be proud of. Forced conversion, forced removal of children from parents, cultural genocide.Acartia_bogart_{May 27, 2014
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Acartia,
The most publicized mass murder in the 20th century was laid at the foot of Hitler, who was raised a Christian and never claimed otherwise.
Most publicized =/= greatest mass murdered. Even you know better than this. Stalin killed for more and he was a fervent atheist. Also, being raised a Christian/claiming to be a Christian =/= actually following the teachings of Christ. Seriously, I have to explain this? Really?
And even if he was, I don’t believe that he pulled the trigger on a single person. The killings were conducted and condoned by hundreds if not thousands of people who considered themselves Christian.
See above. Not pulling the trigger doesn’t make you any less guilty. Not when you’re the one giving the orders for the trigger to be pulled. Try again. And try harder next time.Barb_{May 27, 2014
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@bogart: The main reason why many German people and even Churches chose to serve the State rather than the most basic values of their faith was a centurylong, specifically targeted, antichristian, European (particularly German) cultural war (kulturkampf).krtgdl_{May 27, 2014
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@bogart: You went full retard, man. Never go full retard.Sebestyen_{May 27, 2014
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Historian Paul Johnson is Darwin's Latest Biographer -- and a Pretty Devastating One - David Klinghoffer - October 14, 2012 Excerpt: "Both Himmler, head of the SS and Goebbels, the propaganda chief," were students of Darwin, ,,, Hitler apparently carried the theory of natural selection "to its logical conclusion." "Leading Communists," moreover, "from Lenin to Trotsky to Stalin and Mao Tse-tung" considered evolution "essential to the self-respect of Communists. ... Darwin provided stiffening to the scaffold of laws and dialectic they erected around their seizure of power." Even Stalin,, "had Darwin's 'struggle' and 'survival of the fittest' in mind" when murdering entire ethnic groups, as did Pol Pot,,, ,,the "emotional stew" Darwin built up in Origin played a major part in the development of the 20th century's genocides.,,, No one who is remotely thoughtful blames Charles Darwin "for millions of deaths." But to say, as Johnson does, that Darwin's theory contributed to the growth of a view of the world that in turn had horrendously tragic consequences -- well, that's obviously true, it did. We have documented this extensively here at ENV, as have historians including our contributor Richard Weikart (Hitler's Ethic: The Nazi Pursuit of Evolutionary Progress, From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany, Socialist Darwinism: Evolution in German Socialist Thought from Marx to Bernstein). There is, or should be, nothing controversial about this (fact of history). http://www.evolutionnews.org/2012/10/historian_paul_065281.htmlbornagain77_{May 27, 2014
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Acartia_bogart so, in your twisted reasoning, Hitler was a 'Christian'? Really???
Was Adolf Hitler a Christian? - The Real Agenda Behind The Propaganda - video http://www.cbn.com/700club/features/churchhistory/godandhitler/index.aspx Adolf Hitler: A Christian? - Eric Metaxas - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZqycNUvHYo
And just what do you think of Mother Teresa bogart? Do you take Hitchens view?
Christopher Hitchens appeared on Dennis Miller’s Internet radio show condemning Mother Teresa, yet again. Here is one of his choice statements: “The woman was a fanatic and a fundamentalist and a fraud, and millions of people are much worse off because of her life, and it’s a shame there is no hell for your bitch to go to.” http://insightscoop.typepad.com/2004/2009/11/christopher-hitchens-calls-mother-teresa-a-fraud-and.html
Acartia_bogart, regardless of whatever you may think, though Hitler may have exploited Christianity for political purposes, Hitler certainly was no Christian in any practical sense. In fact, contrary to your desire to lay the blame for the holocaust at the foot of Christianity, sober analysis of the facts clearly indicates that the Hitler's holocaust was primarily the result of 'applied evolutionary biology', namely eugenics:
National Socialism is nothing but applied biology. - Rudolph Hess The German Fuhrer, as I have consistently maintained, is an evolutionist; he has consciously sought to make the practice of Germany conform to the theory of evolution. - Arthur Keith "for, as we have just seen, the ways of national evolution, both in the past and in the present, are cruel, brutal, ruthless, and without mercy.,,, Meantime let me say that the conclusion I have come to is this: the law of Christ is incompatible with the law of evolution as far as the law of evolution has worked hitherto. Nay, the two laws are at war with each other; the law of Christ can never prevail until the law of evolution is destroyed." Sir Arthur Keith, (1866 — 1955) Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons - Evolution and Ethics (1947) p.15 (Note the year that this was written was shortly after the German 'master race' was defeated in World War II) Richard Weikart and Ben Stein - EXPELLED - useless eaters - video (5:00 minute mark) https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=_mo3VRBHAzo#t=291 From Darwin To Hitler - Richard Weikart - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_5EwYpLD6A The Role Of Darwinism In Nazi Racial Thought - Richard Weikart - October 2013 Excerpt: The historical evidence is overwhelming that human evolution was an integral part of Nazi racial ideology. http://www.csustan.edu/history/faculty/weikart/darwinism-in-nazi-racial-thought.pdf
Mother Teresa was a nun whom I consider to have ‘walked in miracles’. At the 19:00 minute mark of the following video you can catch a glimpse of the remarkable trust in God that this little woman of giant faith constantly walked in during her missionary work to the poorest of the poor as she walked into war torn Beirut to rescue 'her children':
Mary Poplin – Life Lessons from Mother Teresa – video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeNIOyF0sjU
Moreover Hitler, as evil as he was, and Mother Teresa, as saintly as she was, both fall short of the moral perfection required to meet God's infinite holiness. Mother Teresa realized this shortcoming and lived by it, whereas Hitler had no clue how wretched he was and repented not of his murderous deeds.
Top Ten Reasons We Know the New Testament is True – Frank Turek – video – November 2011 (41:00 minute mark – Despite what is commonly believed, of someone being 'good enough' to go to heaven, in reality both Mother Teresa and Hitler fall short of the moral perfection required to meet the perfection of God’s objective moral code) http://saddleback.com/mc/m/5e22f/ Falling Plates (the grace of propitiation) - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGlx11BxF24
Verse:
Matthew 5 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven. For he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust. For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have?
bornagain77_{May 27, 2014
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@bornagain77 8: I don't think that you want to play this numbers game. The most publicized mass murder in the 20th century was laid at the foot of Hitler, who was raised a Christian and never claimed otherwise. And even if he was, I don't believe that he pulled the trigger on a single person. The killings were conducted and condoned by hundreds if not thousands of people who considered themselves Christian.Acartia_bogart_{May 27, 2014
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Humbled, yes indeed, goodusername and bogart have completely missed the point. Which is, why take all that time in a show about cosmology to resurrect one of millions of murders during the seventeenth century wars of religion, one that brought us no more new insights into cosmology than Oliver Cromwell did by burning Irish Catholic peasants alive in their churches.
If I've "completely missed the point" of the thread, than so did your own title of the thread, which is:
Cosmos: If anyone cares at this late date – Why Bruno was executed in 1600
The title implies that Cosmos was misleading as to why Bruno was executed, but anyone that watched the show would know that he was executed "because he denied the doctrine of the Trinity, the Virgin Birth, and transubstantiation, claimed that all would be saved, and taught that there was an infinite swarm of eternal worlds." The show probably did spend too much time on Bruno, but, like the previous Cosmos series, the writers seem to enjoy discussing some lesser known figures, like the Herschels. (I remember the previous series being criticized for spending too much time on Kepler.)goodusername_{May 27, 2014
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Barb, BA77, "The Irrational Atheist", I've got this book, I too would highly recommend it.humbled_{May 27, 2014
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BA77 posted a link to this: The Irrational Atheist: Dissecting the Unholy Trinity of Dawkins, Harris, And Hitchens, which is a very funny--and often biting--excoriation of the 'new atheists' by a blogger calling himself Vox Day. Highly recommended reading.Barb_{May 27, 2014
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Bruno's heresies were also not harmless: he was kind of a mentalist, ad his main goal was always to convert some kings (including the Pope). In Bruno's time, the conversion of a king always meant war.krtgdl_{May 27, 2014
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It is amazing the 'selective memory' that atheists display when choosing which atrocities of history to focus on. The atrocities committed by atheists (and Muslims) against Christians far outnumber the atrocities committed in the name of Christianity, (though not in the spirit of Christianity), against atheists (and Muslims):
"Christian" Atrocities compared to Atheists Atrocities - Dinesh D'Souza - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FmrRC6zD4Zk The Irrational Atheist: Dissecting the Unholy Trinity of Dawkins, Harris, And Hitchens - Excerpt: “The total body count for the ninety years between 1917 and 2007 is approximately 148 million dead at the bloody hands of fifty-two atheists…..The historical record of collective atheism is thus 182,716 times worse on an annual basis than Christianity’s worst and most infamous misdeed, the Spanish Inquisition.” http://books.google.com/books?id=5kYOcqb06EEC “169,202,000 Murdered: Summary and Conclusions [20th Century Democide] I BACKGROUND 2. The New Concept of Democide [Definition of Democide] 3. Over 133,147,000 Murdered: Pre-Twentieth Century Democide II 128,168,000 VICTIMS: THE DEKA-MEGAMURDERERS 4. 61,911,000 Murdered: The Soviet Gulag State 5. 35,236,000 Murdered: The Communist Chinese Ant Hill 6. 20,946,000 Murdered: The Nazi Genocide State 7. 10,214,000 Murdered: The Depraved Nationalist Regime III 19,178,000 VICTIMS: THE LESSER MEGA-MURDERERS 8. 5,964,000 Murdered: Japan’s Savage Military 9. 2,035,000 Murdered: The Khmer Rouge Hell State 10. 1,883,000 Murdered: Turkey’s Genocidal Purges 11. 1,670,000 Murdered: The Vietnamese War State 12. 1,585,000 Murdered: Poland’s Ethnic Cleansing 13. 1,503,000 Murdered: The Pakistani Cutthroat State 14. 1,072,000 Murdered: Tito’s Slaughterhouse IV 4,145,000 VICTIMS: SUSPECTED MEGAMURDERERS 15. 1,663,000 Murdered? Orwellian North Korea 16. 1,417,000 Murdered? Barbarous Mexico 17. 1,066,000 Murdered? Feudal Russia” This is, in reality, probably just a drop in the bucket. Who knows how many undocumented murders there were. It also doesn’t count all the millions of abortions from around the world. http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NOTE1.HTM Chairman MAO: Genocide Master “…Many scholars and commentators have referenced my total of 174,000,000 for the democide (genocide and mass murder) of the last century. I’m now trying to get word out that I’ve had to make a major revision in my total due to two books. I’m now convinced that that Stalin exceeded Hitler in monstrous evil, and Mao beat out Stalin….” http://wadias.in/site/arzan/blog/chairman-mao-genocide-master/ “A story I heard personally from Malcolm Muggeridge (that stirred me then and still does even yet) was his account of a conversation he had with Svetlana Stalin, the daughter of Josef Stalin. She spent some time with Muggeridge in his home in England while they were working together on their BBC production on the life of her father. According to Svetlana, as Stalin lay dying, plagued with terrifying hallucinations, he suddenly sat halfway up in bed, clenched his fist toward the heavens once more, fell back upon his pillow, and was dead.” Ravi Zacharias, Can Man Live Without God, (Word Publ., Dallas: 1994), p. 26. China on course to become ‘world’s most Christian nation’ within 15 years – 19 Apr 2014 Excerpt: Officially, the People’s Republic of China is an atheist country but that is changing fast,,, By 2030, China’s total Christian population, including Catholics, would exceed 247 million, placing it above Mexico, Brazil and the United States as the largest Christian congregation in the world, he predicted. “Mao thought he could eliminate religion. He thought he had accomplished this,” Prof Yang said. “It’s ironic – they didn’t. They actually failed completely.” http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/10776023/China-on-course-to-become-worlds-most-Christian-nation-within-15-years.html Islam - A History Of Terror, A 1400 Year Secret, by Dr Bill Warner http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_Qpy0mXg8Y Knowing our world: The three major reasons for persecution of Christians worldwide - Denyse O'Leary Excerpt: The world-wide picture is sobering. Pew Research Center, Newsweek, and The Economist all agree that Christians are the world’s most widely persecuted group. Marshall and team offer information about three quite different reasons for persecution by different types of regimes (pp. 9–11): First, there is post-Communist persecution, following the collapse of Communism in the late 1980s, where the regimes " … have since retreated to an onerous policy of registration, supervision, and control. Those who will not be controlled are sent to prison or labor camps, or simply held, abused, and sometimes tortured." The most intense persecutor is the still Communist (not post-Communist) regime, North Korea (pp. 9–10). There, “Christians are executed or sent to prison camps for lengthy terms for such crimes as the mere possession of a Bible.” Second, in some countries, “Hindu or Buddhist religious movements equate their religion with the nature and meaning of their country itself.” They persecute minority tribes as well as religions (pp. 10–11). These countries include Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan. Third, of course the Muslim world where "Even though the remaining Communist countries persecute the most Christians, it is in the Muslim world where persecution of Christians is now most widespread, intense, and, ominously, increasing. Extremist Muslims are expanding their presence and sometimes exporting their repression of all other faiths. … Even ancient churches, such as the two-thousand-year-old Chaldean and Assyrian churches of Iraq and the Coptic churches of Egypt, are under intense threat at this time. (p. 11)." http://www.thebestschools.org/bestschoolsblog/2013/03/30/knowing-world-major-reasons-persecution-christians-worldwide/
Verse and Music:
Revelation 6:10 They called out in a loud voice, "How long, Sovereign Lord, holy and true, until you judge the inhabitants of the earth and avenge our blood?" Black Eyed Peas - Where Is The Love? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpYeekQkAdc
bornagain77_{May 27, 2014
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Humbled, yes indeed, goodusername and bogart have completely missed the point. Which is, why take all that time in a show about cosmology to resurrect one of millions of murders during the seventeenth century wars of religion, one that brought us no more new insights into cosmology than Oliver Cromwell did by burning Irish Catholic peasants alive in their churches. There have been so many *actual*/non-crackpot new insights in the years since the first Cosmos. What a shame to waste such time on something else!News_{May 27, 2014
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"None of this is news to anyone who watched the Cosmos series. It’s precisely what the show said." You have completely missed the point.humbled_{May 27, 2014
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Bruno’s execution, troubling as it was, had virtually nothing to do with his Copernican views. He was condemned and burned in 1600, but it was not because he speculated that the Earth rotated around the sun along with the other planets. He was condemned because he denied the doctrine of the Trinity, the Virgin Birth, and transubstantiation, claimed that all would be saved, and taught that there was an infinite swarm of eternal worlds of which ours was only one. The latter idea he got from the ancient (materialist) philosopher Lucretius.
None of this is news to anyone who watched the Cosmos series. It's precisely what the show said.goodusername_{May 26, 2014
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Bruno probably was the spy that helped Elizabeth I strip the Catholic Church of England. He was also accused of muder.krtgdl_{May 26, 2014
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It was so, and too, blatant a attempt to condemn Christianity as a science enemy/killer!! The clown Cosmos writers thought they could get away, or sincerely thought bruno was a science hero, with persuading kids that the CHURCH was fanatical then , and now, in opposing science. So don't believe in creationism or give them heed! The whole show, i never watched, was just left wing propaganda for dealing with modern left wing agendas and enemies. Its welcome in its foolishness. now ewe should get a creationist rebuttal.Robert Byers_{May 26, 2014
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That makes me feel so much better.
"Sure, it was a lie, and he wasn't a scientific martyr at all. But it's okay because it serves the right cause! In unrelated news, why do the irreligious get a bad rap as being untrustworthy? That's so unfair."nullasalus_{May 26, 2014
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But it is comforting to know that he wasn't tortured because he believed that the earth revolved around the sun. I am so glad that he was burned alive because of a much more serious crime, like not believing in the virgin birth or resurrection from the grave. That makes me feel so much better. I guess that I should invest in some asbestos underwear.Acartia_bogart_{May 26, 2014
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