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Michael Egnor: It’s a matter of fact, not belief, that only humans reason

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Readers may remember philosopher Justin Smith, who thinks that we can understand life better if we “give up the idea of rationality as nature’s last remaining exception.”

Neurosurgeon Michael Egnor weighs in, responding point by point to the essay, for example:

Material states of the brain can, of course, influence our power of reason—an ounce of whiskey can have quite an effect on our judgment—but the power of reason itself is immaterial. It cannot “evolve” because natural selection, whatever its worth as a scientific hypothesis, needs matter to act on.

[Smith:] “Reason is exceedingly rare, a hapax legomenon of nature, and yet this rarity has led to a bind: when pushed to account for its origins, thinkers who champion reason’s human-exclusivity are forced to lean on supernaturalism, while those who contend that reason is a fundamentally natural property have then to concede that ‘lower’ lifeforms are capable of exercising it. The question is – how?”

Reason isn’t rare at all. 7.7 billion people do it every day. But no non-human animal does it. This immaterial power of the soul is precisely what makes man qualitatively different from every other living thing. And I am not “forced to lean on supernaturalism” by pointing this out. I’m merely making an observation that’s obvious to all. Man, and man alone, has the power to reason. Michael Egnor, “An atheist argues against reason” at Mind Matters News

Egnor’s words remind us that pop science media made strenuous efforts recently to convince the world that paper wasps reason:

The researchers clearly dissociate themselves from a claim that wasps reason. “We’re not saying that wasps used logical deduction to solve this problem…” But the media ignored the hint, as they might be expected to do. …

Elite media behave the same way as tabloids: Whereas the media release says, “The study by Tibbetts and her colleagues illustrates that paper wasps can build and manipulate an implicit hierarchy. But it makes no claims about the precise mechanisms that underlie this ability,” the Smithsonian Magazine headline is Wasps Are the First Invertebrates to Pass This Basic Logic Test (May 10, 2019). Denyse O’Leary, “Wasps can reason? Science media say yes, researchers no” at Mind Matters News

Legacy media are collapsing because their passion is enforcing a “narrative,” not in informing an audience about what is really happening.
If science writers need to believe that wasps reason (or that people don’t), that’s what you will be hearing from them.

Meanwhile, the facts are becoming more and more obvious. Stay tuned.

See also: Philosopher eliminates human exceptionality by dethroning reason

Also by Michael Egnor: Why apes are not spiritual beings Apes do not have language, which enables humans to think about abstract ideas

Can physics prove there is no free will? No, but it can make physicists incoherent when they write about free will

and

The brain is not a meat computer Dramatic recoveries from brain injury highlight the difference

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Comments
I am an ID supporter and a Christian AGI researcher. I disagree with this view. Some animals, such as corvids, do reason. Reasoning is the application of causality, predictions and, in humans, symbolic language to problem solving. Making tools, even primitive ones, is a sign of causal and predictive reasoning applied to goal-directed behavior. I implore fellow Christians to not go out on a limb and make assertions about intelligence and consciousness that you may regret later. The truth is stranger than you think. The scriptures contain hidden knowledge (about the brain and other matters) coded in clever metaphors that a few of us are beginning to decipher. Things are happening. Hang on to your faith.FourFaces
May 26, 2019
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Shutting down part of brain changes views on God, immigrants: study – October 14, 2015 Excerpt: Temporarily shutting down part of the brain that’s responsible for problem solving can suppress your religious views and prejudices toward immigrants, a new study has found. Researchers out of the University of York, in England, and the University of California, Los Angeles, used magnetic energy to safely and temporarily shut down specific regions of the brain of some study participants. When the posterior medial frontal cortex — a part of the brain located near the surface and roughly a few inches up from the forehead — was shut down, participants reported a decrease in their religious convictions and were more positive toward new immigrants critical of their country. http://www.ctvnews.ca/health/s.....-1.2609612 I remember the study but it really didn’t stop your belief in God they just didn’t use it as their solution for the problem of death The same goes for immigrants it was a very odd study The only thing of note that was actually truly interesting was that belief in God was not emotionally driven even though emotions can be attached It is also worth noting they didn’t shut it down completely they just lowered their use of it by 32.8% I don’t know how you come up with a number like that per person because you would’ve had to of known a number of units for how they would use God in their life and how they would use God to answer questions like death How they lowered it by 32.8% almost seems silly to me I believe in God 100% now because of the magnets I only believe in God 77.2% The only way you get measurements like that is if there was measurable amounts that you could see being decreased Very oddAaronS1978
May 26, 2019
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The ability to 'instantaneously' know answers to complex problems has long been a very intriguing characteristic of some autistic savants;
Is Integer Arithmetic Fundamental to Mental Processing?: The mind's secret arithmetic Excerpt: Because normal children struggle to learn multiplication and division, it is surprising that some savants perform integer arithmetic calculations mentally at "lightning" speeds (Treffert 1989, Myers 1903, Hill 1978, Smith 1983, Sacks 1985, Hermelin and O'Connor 1990, Welling 1994, Sullivan 1992). They do so unconsciously, without any apparent training, typically without being able to report on their methods, and often at an age when the normal child is struggling with elementary arithmetic concepts (O'Connor 1989). Examples include multiplying, factoring, dividing and identifying primes of six (and more) digits in a matter of seconds as well as specifying the number of objects (more than one hundred) at a glance. For example, one savant (Hill 1978) could give the cube root of a six figure number in 5 seconds and he could double 8,388,628 twenty four times to obtain 140,737,488,355,328 in several seconds. Joseph (Sullivan 1992), the inspiration for the film "Rain Man" about an autistic savant, could spontaneously answer "what number times what number gives 1234567890" by stating "9 times 137,174,210". Sacks (1985) observed autistic twins who could exchange prime numbers in excess of eight figures, possibly even 20 figures, and who could "see" the number of many objects at a glance. When a box of 111 matches fell to the floor the twins cried out 111 and 37, 37, 37. http://www.centreforthemind.com/publications/integerarithmetic.cfm Jake: Math prodigy proud of his autism – 60 Minutes – CBS News – video http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=7395214n&tag=re1.channel Quote of note at the 12:00 minute mark of the preceding video; ‘The whole randomness thing, that’s like completely against all of physics’ Jake Barnett – Math Prodigy
This following man refuses the autistic label, but is very ‘spooky’ none-the-less in his ability at math;
The Human Calculator – Ruediger Gamm – video http://www.metacafe.com/watch/4200252 The Rainman Twins - Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64c5WXPTInc Autistic Savant Stephen Wiltshire Draws the City Of Rome From Memory – video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVqRT_kCOLI Derek Paravicini on 60 MINUTES – Autistic Savant – video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NVW3-5V9SQ Kim Peek – The Real Rain Man – video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wjgMtNF3Ms Carly’s Café – Experience Autism Through Carly’s Eyes – video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmDGvquzn2k
Of humorous note, "Shutting down part of the brain that's responsible for problem solving" causes atheism.
Shutting down part of brain changes views on God, immigrants: study - October 14, 2015 Excerpt: Temporarily shutting down part of the brain that's responsible for problem solving can suppress your religious views and prejudices toward immigrants, a new study has found. Researchers out of the University of York, in England, and the University of California, Los Angeles, used magnetic energy to safely and temporarily shut down specific regions of the brain of some study participants. When the posterior medial frontal cortex -- a part of the brain located near the surface and roughly a few inches up from the forehead -- was shut down, participants reported a decrease in their religious convictions and were more positive toward new immigrants critical of their country. http://www.ctvnews.ca/health/shutting-down-part-of-brain-changes-views-on-god-immigrants-study-1.2609612
bornagain77
May 26, 2019
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No, it is a matter of belief. Do any animals reason like humans reason? Probably not. But do severely autistic people reason like “baseline” humans? Probably not. But nobody would claim that they do not reason.Brother Brian
May 26, 2019
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