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At Oscillations: How the College Board skews students toward Darwinism

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https://www.amazon.com/Darwin-Overthrown-Mechanobiology-Suzan-Mazur/dp/0578452669

Suzan Mazur, an independent journalist and author of Darwin Overthrown: Hello Mechanobiology, takes aim at the outdated Darwinism of the College Board university preparation system:

At Oscillations, she notes that the content of its biology course and exam framework devotes 24 pages or 22% to Darwinian natural selection and describes it in the “Essential Knowledge” section as “a major mechanism of evolution.” The College Board, she reports, explicitly says that: “The principles of natural selection and its components appear throughout the course.”

She sees this as a “catastrophe” (Suzan Mazur, “College Board & The Natural Selection Racket” at Oscillations) because “the evolution paradigm has shifted” and – following Eugene Koonin – natural selection is not taken seriously any more as an explain-all.

The_Paradigm_Shifters_470

Is the stuff she identifies designed to insulate students from the ferment going on in biology or is just the outcome of educrats’ self-insulation…? Maybe both?

Mazur has got to be one of the best-connected people writing about evolution today. Her nose for haven’t-we-seen-this-show-before?, oh-not-THAT-again?, used-to-was, done-to-death, and this-will-wash-no-more is the outcome of having interviewed many movers and shakers (and maybe some slackers and fakers) and kept notes over the years. She should certainly be better known.

The Paradigm Shifters: Overthrowing ‘the Hegemony of the Culture of Darwin’ is also a good introduction to what’s changing in biology.

Comments
Alexa ranks for related websites today: EN:……..249,823………………1 TO:……..447,998……………….1 UD:……..578,519………………1 PT:…...2,311,282………………3 SW:…2,479,844…………..3 TSZ:….8,917,217………….…9jawa
February 25, 2020
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Truthfreedom, What do they mean by "complexity"?OLV
February 25, 2020
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@ OLV: Nice links! Thank you. Regarding ID, a few days ago I read comments saying that "complexity is a mark of no intelligence/ no designer". What can we offer to counteract this claim?Truthfreedom
February 25, 2020
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The 4 Ps of developmental biology morphogenesis: Pattern, Position, Precision, Proportion Neuronal differentiation influences progenitor arrangement in the vertebrate neuroepithelium
Cell division, movement and differentiation contribute to pattern formation in developing tissues. This is the case in the vertebrate neural tube, in which neurons differentiate in a characteristic pattern from a highly dynamic proliferating pseudostratified epithelium.
Simulations predict that tissue growth and the shape of lineage-related clones of cells differ with the rate of differentiation. Growth is isotropic in regions of high differentiation, but dorsoventrally biased in regions of low differentiation.
global mechanical constraints are sufficient to explain the observed differences in anisotropy.
This provides insight into how the tissue growth rate affects cell dynamics and growth anisotropy and opens up possibilities to study the coupling between mechanics, pattern formation and growth in the neural tube.
The mechanisms that control the arrangement of cells in developing tissues involve both molecular and mechanical processes that spatially and temporally coordinate the division, shape, displacement and differentiation of cells. A central challenge is to understand the interplay between tissue growth, pattern formation and the mechanical forces that act to shape tissues during development.
the difference in the growth regime between domains influences the degree of tissue anisotropy. Further theoretical investigation will be needed to understand the exact relationships between growth anisotropy, the rate of proliferation and differentiation.
cell division orientation does not contribute to anisotropic tissue growth
In future work, we wish to couple this tissue model to quantitative descriptions of the spread of morphogens that pattern the tissue and the gene regulatory networks that specify neuronal subtype identity. In this way, we hope to gain insight into the coupling of growth and patterning in the neural tube and understand how the position, precision and proportions of cell types are achieved.
 OLV
February 25, 2020
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Jawa, 189, 190: Yes, that helps a lot. Thank you!!JVL
February 25, 2020
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JVL, Let me correct my previous comment: The statement “ The lower the number, the better.” is not clear. It should say: “The smaller the number, the better.” Obviously ranks under 1M are much better than ranks over 1M. The % numbers help to clarify it.jawa
February 25, 2020
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JVL, Thank you for asking those questions. You’re correct that that information is too cryptic and could lead to misunderstanding. My fault. Let’s try to clarify it: The numbers are provided by Alexa as global ranks regarding internet traffic. The lower the number, the better. However, one must compare related websites. Alexa provides information that shows certain relation between websites. But one could argue that the criteria they apply to the website associations are not quite accurate. That’s debatable. But one must compare apples with apples. A while ago another commenter tried to compare apples and alligators. That doesn’t work. The % numbers are based on the top 100 million active websites. A given n% number indicates that the website is among the top n% of the top 100M active websites. The acronyms are: EN is Evolution News TO is Talk Origins UD is this website SW is Dr LM’s Sandwalk blog PT is Panda’s Thumb TSZ is The Skeptical Zone PS is Peaceful Science The rank numbers vary almost daily, sometimes quite drastically. TSZ does very poorly lately. PS was in the list but sank so low that it got off the Alexa radar. I don’t quite understand what’s exactly going on with those rank numbers. Please, let me know if this answered your questions or if you have other questions.jawa
February 25, 2020
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Jawa, 186: Can you interpret this data for me? I recognise two of the websites but what are the others? The numbers don't represents hits or visits surely; I don't believe TSZ has over 8 million visits!! Thanks!JVL
February 24, 2020
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@185: PDF entire text onlineOLV
February 24, 2020
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Alexa ranks for related websites today: EN:……..244,566………………1 TO:……..447,337……………….1 UD:……..577,592………………1 SW:…2,477,050………………3 PT:…..3,518,082………………4 TSZ:….8,888,977……………9jawa
February 24, 2020
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More evidences for ID A novel self-organizing embryonic stem cell system reveals signaling logic underlying the patterning of human ectoderm
During development, the ectoderm is patterned by a combination of BMP and WNT signaling. Research in model organisms has provided substantial insight into this process; however, there are currently no systems in which to study ectodermal patterning in humans. Further, the complexity of neural plate border specification has made it difficult to transition from discovering the genes involved to deeper mechanistic understanding. Here, we develop an in vitro model of human ectodermal patterning, in which human embryonic stem cells self-organize to form robust and quantitatively reproducible patterns corresponding to the complete medial-lateral axis of the embryonic ectoderm. Using this platform, we show that the duration of endogenous WNT signaling is a crucial control parameter, and that cells sense relative levels of BMP and WNT signaling in making fate decisions. These insights allowed us to develop an improved protocol for placodal differentiation. Thus, our platform is a powerful tool for studying human ectoderm patterning and for improving directed differentiation protocols.
   OLV
February 24, 2020
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This picture illustrates the comment @183: https://dev.biologists.org/content/develop/146/12/dev170977/F7.large.jpg?width=800&height=600&carousel=1OLV
February 22, 2020
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Warning: Potential ID overdose: this post may cause severe reactions in individuals who are allergic to ID. :)
Embryonic development depends on accurate, timely and specific communication between cells. Our understanding of cell-cell communication has evolved* over many decades.
developmental signaling systems are not passive transmitters of information from an extracellular ligand to an intracellular effector. The information they sense is represented in diverse ways, many of which could not be inferred from knowledge of molecular interactions alone.
Currently, we represent pathways predominantly in molecular terms. But a complementary understanding will come from the ability to represent them as programs that address messages to specific cell types, control the ‘content’ (target program) of a message, and specify the precise spatial distribution of intercellular messages
Paper: Communication codes in developmental signaling pathways (*) evolved? another indisputable evidence that evolution is true. :)OLV
February 22, 2020
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Interesting that ID objectors stay away from scientific discussions There was a time when Drs AH (UK) and LM (UT) stopped by to present their poor arguments, but not anymore. PW boldly proclaimed ID citing science papers. Are the ID objectors going to let PW get away with his claims? :)jawa
February 21, 2020
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Single cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression in the developing mouse spinal cord https://dev.biologists.org/content/146/12/dev173807pw
February 21, 2020
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Wow! More ID? “A novel self-organizing embryonic stem cell system reveals signaling logic underlying the patterning of human ectoderm“ https://dev.biologists.org/content/146/20/dev179093.longpw
February 21, 2020
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@178: "In our opinion, this finding fundamentally changes the way our cellular power plants work and will probably change the textbooks," says Prof. Dr. Andreas Reichert, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I at the HHU. The results are described in a publication in EMBO Reports. “ change the textbooks”? Oh, no! Again? :)pw
February 20, 2020
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@177: “Unexpected insights into the dynamic structure of mitochondria” Unexpected? What else did they expect? Why?pw
February 20, 2020
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Oh no! More of this stuff? ID on steroids? https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/hud-uii021720.phppw
February 20, 2020
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“Our results suggest a TF code composed of class-specific and region-specific TFs generates EE cell diversity.” “class- and region-specific TFs regulate subtype specification.” ”EE cellular diversity is generated by a combination of class-specific and region-specific TFs, with class-specific TFs regulated by Notch signaling and region-specific TFs determined by anterior-posterior body planning during early development. The local EE diversity could also be regulated by environmental changes and age-related cell plasticity, possibilities that remain to be explored in the future.“ Another code? https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(19)31530-Xpw
February 20, 2020
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In the conclusions of the paper linked in the previous comment: “The developing spinal cord has served as a leading model system to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cell fate specification and the establishment and function of neuronal circuits. Ground-breaking work by multiple groups has revealed how neuronal cell identities are established by GRNs that delineate NP identities along the DV and AP axes of the embryonic spinal cord by integrating the levels, duration and dynamics of multiple signalling pathways. Neurons further diversify in response to cell-cell interactions, diffusible signals and along a temporal axis. These mechanisms provide a general framework for understanding neuronal subtype diversification, but they are probably just the tip of the iceberg and other mechanisms likely exist that drive further neuronal diversification. ” “just the tip of the iceberg”? Wow!pw
February 19, 2020
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OLV, Check this out: https://dev.biologists.org/content/146/22/dev182154.long Obvious ID.pw
February 19, 2020
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Inside the Integrated Mitotic Stem Cell A New View On Cell Division OLV
February 16, 2020
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Alexa ranks for related websites today: EN:........243,078..................1 TO:........467,275...................1 UD:........602,970..................1 PT:.....2,883,234..................3 SW:...3,062,428...................4 TSZ:....6,147,325.....................7jawa
February 16, 2020
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A design principle for floral organ number and arrangement in flowers with bilateral symmetry
The bilateral symmetry of flowers is a striking morphological achievement during floral evolution, providing high adaptation potential for pollinators. The symmetry can appear when floral organ primordia developmentally initiate. Primordia initiation at the ventral and dorsal sides of the floral bud is differentially regulated by several factors, including external organs of the flower and CYCLOIDEA (CYC) gene homologues, which are expressed asymmetrically on the dorso-ventral axis. It remains unclear how these factors control the diversity in the number and bilateral arrangement of floral organs. Here, we propose a mathematical model demonstrating that the relative strength of the dorsal-to-ventral inhibitions and the size of the floral stem cell region (meristem) determines the number and positions of the sepal and petal primordia. The simulations reproduced the diversity of monocots and eudicots, including snapdragon Antirrhinum majus and its cyc mutant, with respect to organ number, arrangement and initiation patterns, which were dependent on the inhibition strength. These theoretical results suggest that diversity in floral symmetry is primarily regulated by the dorso-ventral inhibitory field and meristem size during developmental evolution.
   OLV
February 14, 2020
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‘Textbook’ view of brain and spinal cord development revisited
For decades, biology textbooks have taught that developing nerve cells initially form the brain and over time, some transform into spinal cord, but a new study from researchers at the Francis Crick Institute challenges this view.
  Fill-in the blanks:
For decades, biology textbooks have taught that... but a new study... challenges this view.
a critical decision is made earlier in cells than previously anticipated and this predetermines whether they form the brain or spinal cord.
Running from head to tail in animals and humans, the central nervous system is divided into the brain, which contains the nerve cells responsible for complex information processing and decision making, and the spinal cord, containing nerve cells for sensing and moving the body. How the cells that make the two parts of the nervous system are formed in an embryo has been a long-standing question in developmental biology.
the formation of the spinal cord is predetermined in cells before they become neural cells
This challenges the textbook view of how the nervous system is formed, which suggested that neural cells progressively transition from brain to spinal cord.
during early development, the activity of a set of proteins, known as CDX transcription factors, establishes which cells can form spinal cord by altering the organisation of the genome in cells.
These proteins not only appear to activate genes needed for the development of spinal neurons but also repress genes specific for brain neurons
OLV
February 14, 2020
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Ed George, That’s fine. No problem. I think only Alexa techies could explain it. :)jawa
February 13, 2020
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Jawa, sorry. I can’t help you with that. I’ve only been to TO and PT a couple times.Ed George
February 13, 2020
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165. Ed George, Thank you for that interesting information. I wasn’t aware of it. I don’t understand why TO -which doesn’t seem updated lately- does so much better in Alexa stats than PT -which is very visibly linked from TO and still gets updated quite frequently. Also don’t understand why I don’t see any TO-PT association in Alexa stats.jawa
February 13, 2020
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TF
And you are?
Agnostic on both.Ed George
February 13, 2020
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