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The Argument From Evil Explained

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Many times we hear about the “argument from evil” as a knock-down argument for the non-existence of God.  For those of you who are not familiar with the argument, I will explain it.  It goes like this:

All good arguments depend on the precise, clear and unambiguous use of language.  The argument from evil is no exception.  It obviously demands an exacting definition of the word “evil.”  Richard Dawkins, the world’s most famous atheist, says the universe has “no evil, no good, nothing but pitiless indifference.”  If he is right and there is no evil, that might seem like a problem for an argument from, well, evil.  But it is not.  Dawkins means there is no objective transcendent morality.  Stuff just happens for no reason and it is neither good nor evil in the sense of “conforming to an objective moral code” since there is no objective moral code.  But that does not mean we cannot nevertheless employ the word “evil” in a way that is useful for our argument.  We just have to define the word to mean “that which I do not subjectively prefer” or more loosely “icky stuff I don’t like.”

Now that we have the definitional issue out of the way, we can go on to the argument.  It is a simple augment really.  It amounts to the following syllogism that any child can understand:

Major Premise:  If God exists, he would prevent evil (remember our definition “icky stuff I don’t like) from happening.

Minor Premise:  Icky stuff I don’t like happens all the time.

Conclusion:  Therefore, God does not exist.

QED

Comments
@KF: "I think the churches have been on the wrong track for a long time. KF" I'd very much like to continue that point with you. Perhaps by email? I am my handle at gmail.ScuzzaMan
September 4, 2018
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DD This reveals key gaps in background understanding:
If companionship was the need, and I was an omni-god, I would create another omni-god – someone I could actually have a conversation with
God is a necessary being and a maximally great one, framework to any world existing. As such, God is ontologically, catergorically different from creation. There can only be one maximally great, supreme being. KFkairosfocus
September 4, 2018
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DD, It seems you have not seriously read the discussion. The point of a morally governed order of creation is that it opens up a world in which love is possible, creativity, reason, virtue and such like. Your objection is implicitly self-referential and undermines the very premise of reasoned discussion: responsible, rational freedom. The bowl challenges the potter, why have you made me so, I could hold poison. KFkairosfocus
September 4, 2018
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Deputy Dog:
Why bother with messy, mortal, biological beings, unless I just wanted some hobby-toys.
Your omni-ignorance can't do much of anything. And it still stands that you have nothing to explain our existence.ET
September 4, 2018
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mike1962:
What was the Omni-God lacking that compelled It to want to create “free moral agents?”
It's you who is lacking, mikey.ET
September 4, 2018
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@mike1962 #325 mike asked: "What was the Omni-God lacking that compelled It to want to create 'free moral agents'?” That's a question I have pondered. If companionship was the need, and I was an omni-god, I would create another omni-god - someone I could actually have a conversation with. Why bother with messy, mortal, biological beings, unless I just wanted some hobby-toys. Yes, ET, that is just my puny opinion.Deputy Dog
September 4, 2018
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F/N: A warning on a main root of evil:
Rom 1: 19 . . . that which is known about God is evident within them [in their inner consciousness], for God made it evident to them. 20 For ever since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through His workmanship [all His creation, the wonderful things that He has made], so that they [who fail to believe and trust in Him] are without excuse and without defense. 21 For even though [d]they knew God [as the Creator], they did not [e]honor Him as God or give thanks [for His wondrous creation]. On the contrary, they became worthless in their thinking [godless, with pointless reasonings, and silly speculations], and their foolish heart was darkened. 22 Claiming to be wise, they became fools, 23 and exchanged the glory and majesty and excellence of the immortal God for [f]an image [worthless idols] in the shape of mortal man and birds and four-footed animals and reptiles . . . . 28 And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God or consider Him worth knowing [as their Creator], God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do things which are improper and repulsive, 29 until they were filled (permeated, saturated) with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil . . . [AMP]
KFkairosfocus
September 3, 2018
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SM, welcome (cf. 276 above, onlookers). You may also find the unit on God useful, it's all part of a draft for an online course: http://nicenesystheol.blogspot.com/2010/11/unit-3-our-anchorage-in-god.html . Notice, how material above on linking generic ethical theism to the traditional theology of God's attributes and the Athanasian creed have been worked in over the past days, so the grain of sand contributes to a pearl. I have also recently been doing a personal blog series, starting here: http://kairosfocus.blogspot.com/2018/07/the-seven-mountains-7m-cultural.html Also see: http://kairosfocus.blogspot.com/2018/07/but-shouldnt-we-just-preach-simple.html http://kairosfocus.blogspot.com/2018/08/towards-counter-culture.html http://kairosfocus.blogspot.com/2018/08/faith-discipleship-and-mission-from-hit.html http://kairosfocus.blogspot.com/2018/08/discipleship-scriptures-four-rs-our.html I think the churches have been on the wrong track for a long time. KFkairosfocus
September 3, 2018
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kf Thanks very much for the essay on discipleship. A lot of meat in that spread.ScuzzaMan
September 3, 2018
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PS: Moral goods, such as reason, creativity, warrant, love, etc require freedom. A computational substrate does not reason, for example.kairosfocus
September 2, 2018
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RJS, no-one has argued that good is dependent on evil, or that freedom is dependent on evil. Just the opposite is so. Read Koukl for some perspective. KFkairosfocus
September 2, 2018
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Evil has been discussed on this site since its beginning. A quote pointing to the inability to define evil from over 10 years ago
We have discussed evil here many times and the same arguments seem to always come up. One of them is what is evil. There seemed to be a certain naivety as to what is truly evil.
There is actually one true evil if you believe in the Judeo/Christian God. That is the eternal deprivation of the presence of God. All else is trivial in comparison. Of course if you do not believe in the Judeo/Christian God evil is just icky stuff we do not like and a meaningless concept.jerry
September 2, 2018
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KF
RJS, evil is the privation of the good, which involves abuse of freedom. Just a reminder. KF
I can accept that as a definition. But that doesn’t mean that good is dependent on the existance of evil, or the existance of the freedom to perpetrate evil. I agree that the existance of evil puts our good acts into perspective, but that doesn’t mean that the existance of evil makes our good acts any more ‘good’.R J Sawyer
September 2, 2018
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PS: Koukl as usual is worth the read: https://www.str.org/articles/augustine-on-evil#.W4wa8HaFm00kairosfocus
September 2, 2018
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re 326: Disbelievers. See Small Minds by Hoo Flung Poo! :razz:ET
September 2, 2018
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RJS, evil is the privation of the good, which involves abuse of freedom. Just a reminder. KFkairosfocus
September 2, 2018
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re 325: Believers. See Small Gods by Terry Pratchett! :-)jdk
September 2, 2018
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What was the Omni-God lacking that compelled It to want to create "free moral agents?"mike1962
September 2, 2018
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KF@322.. I’m afraid that I have to disagree that the failure to use our freedom well is not evil. Evil is at the extreme end of the spectrum. We all make decisions that are neutral or bad that nobody would call evil.R J Sawyer
September 2, 2018
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PaoloV, Regarding #319, I find that view very difficult to understand. So much so that I would find it impossible to accept any further reasoning based on it. I don't mean I have evidence showing it's false, mind you.daveS
September 2, 2018
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RJS, freedom implies the ability to use it well and also the ability to not use it well. Evil is the name for the latter, when it is privation of proper ends (which are often naturally evident). Without freedom, we cannot reason, warrant and know, nor could we have duties to do so aright. Mere assertions to the contrary have no weight. KFkairosfocus
September 2, 2018
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PaoloV, Regarding #294, yes, that's what I concluded.daveS
September 2, 2018
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daveS, Please, note that the questions in 294 are related to what you wrote in 278. Thanks.PaoloV
September 2, 2018
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daveS, Regarding 311. Yes, that’s much closer. Thanks.PaoloV
September 2, 2018
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KF
RJS, it is not possible to have moral good without freedom.
The people who performed all of the good acts I listed above were free to not make those decisions. Morality does not require that we have the freedom to do evil. If nobody had the freedom to decide to murder anyone else, would we not still be morally governed? Would we not still have the freedom to decide along moral grounds?R J Sawyer
September 2, 2018
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KF, I don't wish any such thing. Please note that I do not get into analysis of your motives.daveS
September 2, 2018
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RJS, it is not possible to have moral good without freedom. Such include: love, rationality, knowledge, logical thinking and much more. Freedom implies the capability of abuse and that cannot be eliminated without eliminating freedom. Including the freedom that enables you to argue and appeal to our intellectual duties. KFkairosfocus
September 2, 2018
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DS, God as to core nature is love. Love imposes duties but what we see is far more than duty, grace. Why you apparently wish to suggest God is the ultimate nihilist is beyond me. KFkairosfocus
September 2, 2018
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One of the pillars of the existance of evil is that it is not possible to have good without evil. I simply don’t buy that. If we assume that there is no evil, individuals can still give to charity, still open their doors to a homeless person, still save a drowning child. All of these things are good, and these acts would not be diminished in any way because people don’t murder others. Or because governments don’t jail people who disagree with them. Or because there were no more abortions. Or donate a kidney. Or because people no longer rape, torture, steal or lie.R J Sawyer
September 2, 2018
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PaoloV, I'm not sure a universal moral code actually exists, but if it does, I would guess it consists of moral truths which exist necessarily, that every intelligent being is obliged to follow. They would be the same in every possible world, so I'm don't know that God would have any role in "establishing" them.daveS
September 2, 2018
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