Uncommon Descent Serving The Intelligent Design Community

The Demands of Charity

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Faded Glory finally gets it!  He writes that he agrees that the ID inference is not illogical if it “applies to life we can actually investigate.”  [Is it just me or can anyone else hear the melodious strains of Handel’s Hallelujah Chorus playing in the background?]  Who says these internet debates never make progress?

Not unexpectedly, however, there is a fly in the proverbial ointment.  FG notes that ID is “agnostic” regarding causes that cannot be investigated, and of this he writes, “I think it is a rather unexpected conclusion but I have no quarrel with it.”

This is the most astonishing statement I have heard in a long time.

Why is this unexpected?  ID proponents have been saying all along that ID [qua ID] does not speculate beyond the data.  It does not ask, “What is the ultimate source of design?”  It asks only “Is this particular thing designed?”  As those who have been following this debate know, we have been saying this repeatedly, over and over, constantly, time after time, repetitively, ad nauseam, I think you get the picture.

How is it possible that this could surprise anyone?  I can only speculate, but I think it probably has something to do with the fact that many people assume that ID proponents are inveterate liars when they say they are not trying to prove the existence of God.  Interestingly, this charge comes from both sides of the theological divide.  ID is neither an apologetic nor creationism.  Yet theistic Darwinists deride ID as a failed apologetic (as johnnyb points out here), and atheists say ID is “creationism in a cheap tuxedo” (as Nick Matzke said here).

There is a common assumption among the theistic Darwinists and the atheists – that ID proponents are being disingenuous when they say that ID confines itself only to inferences from the observable data and refuses to speculate about what lies beyond the data.  Now it is certainly true that some people will take ID’s conclusions and leap from there to the existence of God, just as it is true that some people will take Darwinism’s conclusions and leap from there to the non-existence of God.  Everyone should agree, however, that it is not a valid scientific criticism of Darwinism to say that it might lead to more atheism.  Therefore, everyone should agree that it is not a valid scientific criticism of ID to say that it might lead to more theism.

One might be excused for assuming that arch-atheist scientists like Richard Dawkins take their atheism first and their science second.  This assumption might lead one to refuse to take Dawkins’ scientific arguments at face value and instead try to discredit his conclusions on the basis of his atheistic motivations rather than because the conclusions fail to account for the data.  And that would be wrong.  Simple charity demands that we assume our opponents are acting in good faith, and this requires us to deal with their arguments at face value.  I am certain this is how they would want to be treated, and I hope that someday they will apply the golden rule and extend the same charity to us, instead of simply assuming we are liars and attacking us on that basis alone.

Comments
As predicted, now both Liddle and FG say that if I received a radio signal expressing the prime numbers between 1 and 100 I could not certainly ascribe the signal to an intelligent agent. Once commenters descend into self-evident irrationality and deny the un-deniable, I am always tempted to throw them off the site. But I will leave Liddle and FG to demonstrate the utter vacuity and intellectual bankruptcy of the materialist program. So Liddle and FG, comment away. The more you say, the stronger the case for ID appears.Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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FG (14)
I gues I said ‘No’ because I disagree with you that we don’t need context. For an internet message the context is that we know about internet, computers, etc. For a message on a beach we know the context of people visitng the beach, and alternatively the action of waves and flowing water. All this alows us to weigh alternatives and make an inference.
So what if we look up one day and see the stars of the galaxy rearranged to say "Hello". We wouldn't have the slightest idea how that was accomplished, but we would know it is designed, right? We know that intelligence can create fCSI; what the heck do the mechanisms used to display the fCSI have to do with this? Even with your beach example, there are dozens (or thousands? millions?) of ways to write a message in the sand. Use a stick, your hand, your foot, a rock, a robotic arm, a vacuum tube, compressed air, a shovel, etc. I'm sure you could use some forensics to maybe narrow the list down or even identify a likely explanation, but you don't need that forensic analysis to conclude that it was designed.uoflcard
August 12, 2011
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Ms. Liddle writes: “selection (which means choice, after all) can operate above the level of the individual, then to some extent even limited “foresight” is a capacity of evolution . . .” Barry responds: You never cease to astonish. You are literally saying, “I believe agency is responsible for the nested hierarchies we see in living things, so long as by “agency” you mean “chance and necessity.”” Give me a break. You ascribe agency to a process that, by definition, is driven ONLY by the interaction of chance and mechanical necessity, and you wonder why no one takes you seriously.Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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You would have some reason, Barry, but I'd say you'd be better off concluding more cautiously that the source was a system of deeply nested contingencies :) That would include intentional intelligence but it could include non-intentional systems.Elizabeth Liddle
August 12, 2011
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Faded Glory in [35] now says that if I received a radio signal expressing the prime numbers between 1 and 100 I would have no reason to conclude that it was sent by an intelligent agent. This, of course, is self-evidently pure gibberish that requires no response other than for me to take back my comment in [19] that you seem like a fairly intelligent person. I never cease to be amazed how rapidly materialist will retreat into irrationality.Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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Are spiders creating information such as the information we see in a life??? Bioinformatics: The Information in Life - Donald Johnson - video http://vimeo.com/11314902 On a slide in the preceding video, entitled 'Information Systems In Life', Dr. Johnson points out that: * the genetic system is a pre-existing operating system; * the specific genetic program (genome) is an application; * the native language has codon-based encryption system; * the codes are read by enzyme computers with their own operating system; * each enzyme’s output is to another operating system in a ribosome; * codes are decrypted and output to tRNA computers; * each codon-specified amino acid is transported to a protein construction site; and * in each cell, there are multiple operating systems, multiple programming languages, encoding/decoding hardware and software, specialized communications systems, error detection/correction systems, specialized input/output for organelle control and feedback, and a variety of specialized “devices” to accomplish the tasks of life. Does Bill Gates study spider webs in the hope of programming computers better? Welcome to CoSBi - (Computational and Systems Biology) Excerpt: Biological systems are the most parallel systems ever studied and we hope to use our better understanding of how living systems handle information to design new computational paradigms, programming languages and software development environments. The net result would be the design and implementation of better applications firmly grounded on new computational, massively parallel paradigms in many different areas. http://www.cosbi.eu/index.php/component/content/article/171 The Coding Found In DNA Surpasses Man's Ability To Code - Stephen Meyer - video http://www.metacafe.com/watch/4050638 Extreme Software Design In Cells - Stephen Meyer - video http://www.metacafe.com/watch/5495397/ Stephen C. Meyer - The Scientific Basis For Intelligent Design - video http://www.metacafe.com/watch/4104651/ The DNA Code - Solid Scientific Proof Of Intelligent Design - Perry Marshall - video http://www.metacafe.com/watch/4060532 Codes and Axioms are always the result of mental intention, not material processes https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=1PrE2Syt5SJUxeh2YBBBWrrPailC3uTFMdqPMFrzvwDYbornagain77
August 12, 2011
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Elizabeth, Nonetheless, natural selection, which is a lot more fancy than raindrops flowing down a window, is difficult to exclude from Dembski’s definition without some extra clauses. IOW, if natural selection can produce something indistinguishable from intelligent design, then isn't it intelligent? No. Rather, if it's ever determined that natural selection could do such a thing then it would falsify ID. Likewise, if the raindrop on my window writes a haiku, that will also falsify ID. We're having this discussion because neither has happened.ScottAndrews
August 12, 2011
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I wouldn't necessarily dispute that a spider web contains CSI, as I wouldn't necessarily dispute that spiders can make choices, plan ahead, etc. I believe that all creatures possess a degree of agency, but to what degree is uncertain. The appearance of agency may have limiting factors, such as the range or type of perception, and the physical or intellectual tools with which to affect outcomes. However I see no reason to resist that many faculties of the human intellect are available to other creatures as well, albeit in varying proportions.material.infantacy
August 12, 2011
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lastyearon (12)
What if the intelligent agent was produced by chance and necessity? Wouldn’t the letters on the beach –which the intelligent agent wrote–then be the (indirect) result of chance and necessity? In other words.. You are assuming your conclusion (chance and necessity could not have produced life) in your argument.
But in that case it is still the direct result of intelligence, not chance and necessity. If you conclude that we have detected actual intelligent design in the evolution of life, you are free to enter the metaphysical realm and argue that that intelligence was naturally developed, so that ultimately it was law and chance at the heart of it. But that does not affect the validity of the original empirical design detection in biology. From what I can tell, the argument made here is philosophical and has nothing to do with ID.uoflcard
August 12, 2011
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Barry, If we received such radio signals, all we could say about whoever generated them is that they have some relation with prime numbers. Maybe they are gifted mathematicians, or maybe they are spiders whose biological makeup contains an organ that sends out strong radio signals pulsed as prime numbers. Without invstigating them further, who can tell? We certainly would not be justified to conclude that the sender has capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn. What justification would you have to infer any of those, apart from prematurely jumping to the conclusion that they would be somehow similar to ourselves? I predict that you will relish your prediction coming true :) fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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fg, I don't think an uninformed observer could immediately determine whether the spider itself was intelligent or whether it was intelligently programmed to behave that way. But there's a great deal of information put to use. This is a rough illustration: take a tiny mechanical spider that can produce spider silk (leaving aside the information involved in the design of the spider and its silk.) Next, write a program enabling it to perceive its surroundings and devise the strategy to create its web. This includes an initial connection and observance of wind direction so that it can produce a strand that will blow to another connection point. And so on - it continues through the steps until the web is complete. Then it moves to the center and must detect vibrations along the web, etc. I don't mean to carry on with whole spider story. But what would be the information content of that program? The degree to which it could be compressed would depend on the language interpreter, so if the program gets smaller the interpreter gets bigger. Between the two of them, how big would the program be? A megabyte? Several? Certainly well beyond 100 bits.ScottAndrews
August 12, 2011
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ScottAndrews:
Most definitions of intelligence leave out intent or purposefulness, perhaps because it’s so obvious as to not need mentioning.
Well, interestingly, Dembski specifically excluded it, as being not a question of science. I disagree, I think it is a question of science, and I think it is perfectly possible to distinguish (at least in principle) between the results of intentional processes and the results of non-intentional processes ("did he fall or was he pushed?"). So it certainly needs mentioning, and considering IMO. I think biological systems reveal the mark of an "intelligent" system (in the Dembskian system but actually conspicuously lack the hallmarks of an "intentional" system.
If we attribute intelligence to objects following natural laws with no intent of their own then intelligence becomes a meaningless word. A drop of rain that hits my window was acting intelligently by finding its way there, and is now acting intelligently by running down the glass.
Right. So probably best not to use that word. Nonetheless, natural selection, which is a lot more fancy than raindrops flowing down a window, is difficult to exclude from Dembski's definition without some extra clauses. My position is that those clauses are not necessary. The results of deeply nested decision-trees "look like" design because in a very real sense they are designed by just the kinds of deeply nested decision-tree processes that our own brains use. They also look "unintentionally designed" however, because there is while there plenty of evidence of retrofitting there is a conspicuous lack of evidence of foresight. Although even that isn't strictly true - because selection (which means choice, after all) can operate above the level of the individual, then to some extent even limited "foresight" is a capacity of evolution, at least if we think in terms of the neural equivalents. The real difference, I would say, is that evolutionary processes do not simulate, whereas we do, and our capacity to make forward models and feed back the simulated results as input into our decisions is what gives us, I would argue, the capacity for "abstract thought" and "reasoning" referred to in the glossary definition. These are not evident in evolutionary processes, and, I would argue, it shows.
If it could ever be demonstrated that any such natural process could mimic intelligence then the debate would end. That it continues speaks volumes to the gap between the claims and the evidence
No, it wouldn't end :) People would just insist that it hadn't been demonstrated! Which is why the debate continues....Elizabeth Liddle
August 12, 2011
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ScottAndrews, I think Lizzie is refering to the problem-solving bit. In fact that is what I think spiders do too, and rather impressively as well. Your raindrop doesn't solve any problems (not for itself, anyway). So I agree that your example wouldn't be considered intelligent by many people. But how about those spiders, then? Do they weave with intent and purpose? Or is there no CSI in a spider web? fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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Faded Glory writes: “Barry, if you never knew what people are in the first place, you couldn’t possibly conclude that they wrote the message on the beach. That is the context I mean.” Barry responds: Not true. Suppose one night your radio picked up a signal consisting of nothing but dots and dashes. At first you don’t see anything significant about the signal, but as you study it more you come to understand that various dots and dashes represent numbers and the whole pattern is the set of prime numbers between 1 and 100. [Obviously, I am describing the movie “Contact”]. Now, even an arch-atheist like Carl Sagan knew that a the design in the code could be detected, and that design could be detected notwithstanding the fact that he knew nothing about the designer. Now you might respond, but the designer could send out a radio signal and that is the context clue that allows us to detect design. Not so. Chance and necessity can send out radio signals too. The universe is full of background radiation in the radio wave band of the electromagnetic spectrum. For that reason this example is the perfect destruction of your and Ms. Liddle’s “you gotta know the designer” mantra. Nature can do a radio signal. But it can’t do a radio signal that expresses the prime numbers between one and zero. The only thing we know about the designer of the signal with a pattern is that he/she/it can send out a radio signal. Well, so can nature. Then how do we know that the signal is not a product of chance and necessity – because it exhibits CSI and for that reason alone. Your and Ms. Liddle’s “you gotta know the designer to make a design inference” argument has been refuted. Prediction: At least one of you (and probably both of you) will continue to push it nevertheless.Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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Barry:
Ms. Liddle writes: “John knows quite a lot about the likely provenance of the post. And that’s the point – to make a design inference about a pattern you have to look at more than just the pattern – you have to say: what kind of design process might have produced this pattern?” Barry responds: You must have missed my response to this precise argument at [7]. Please review. As I demonstrated there, a design inference is valid even if we know nothing of the “provenance” of the design. CSI is CSI in whatever context it appears.
Yes, we did cross-post; however I dispute your claim that you demonstrated that a design inference is valid even if we know nothing of the provenance of the design. You assert that CSI is CSI regardless of context, but you do not explain how to compute it without context. You merely say:
Because if we saw the comment written on the beach we would know that the probability that chance and/or necessity caused the letters to appear on the beach in that order is effectively zero.
and we can't "know" that without computing it! In order to compute the probability of something (and CSI is a probability calculation) you need to specify the probability under your null. That's the big problem with CSI as I see it. The null is, IMO, inadequately modeled.
Perhaps this will make it clearer. In the movie 2001 explorers find an monolith on the moon. They knew the monolith was designed even though they did not have the faintest idea how it came to be there. The design inference was not only valid, it was glaringly obvious. You can go on repeating your “we have to know how the designer did it” mantra (and I use that term advisedly, because your devotion to metaphysical materialism is just as fervent as any religious belief I have ever seen) until you are blue in the face. As I have demonstrated twice now, the statement is not only false but obviously false. I am surprised an educated person would continue to advance it.
Well, I'd probably grant that the monolith-on-the-moon was designed, even though, IIRC, it doesn't actually have CSI (it's not complex, for a start, even though it's highly compressible). We'd certainly could rule out evolutionary processes because the thing doesn't reproduce. We could consider geological processes, but we should also entertain the possibility of alien monolith designers. We know that monolith designers are possible because we are monolith designers ourselves. So it seems like a reasonable inference. I have no problem with making design inferences, I just think CSI is a useless tool, and gives both false positives (unless we use Dembski's definition of Intelligence) and false negatives (as in the case of the monolith).
Ms. Liddle writes: “For John, it’s easy, because he can see, immediately, that it is in English. If John was an alien, and all he had was my post, beamed out from search engines into space, and devoid of all context, how would he know?” Barry responds: He might not. Nothing in ID theory suggests that every design will be detected. Indeed, ID predicts false negatives, so your objection has no force.
Well, it has some force!
Ms. Liddle writes: “Unless John knows something about the processes by which such things are created, from the message alone, whether it’s a blog comment post or a strand of DNA, he’s not going to be able to tell whether it’s designed or not.” Barry responds. This is just another version of your mantra. I have already demolished the argument twice. No need to demolish it again.
Well, I'm afraid I don't agree that my argument has been demolished :) I don't actually think you've addressed it, which is possibly because I didn't articulate it clearly enough. I hope I have now done so.Elizabeth Liddle
August 12, 2011
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Do spiders have the power and facility to choose between options? fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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Most definitions of intelligence leave out intent or purposefulness, perhaps because it's so obvious as to not need mentioning. If we attribute intelligence to objects following natural laws with no intent of their own then intelligence becomes a meaningless word. A drop of rain that hits my window was acting intelligently by finding its way there, and is now acting intelligently by running down the glass. If it could ever be demonstrated that any such natural process could mimic intelligence then the debate would end. That it continues speaks volumes to the gap between the claims and the evidence.ScottAndrews
August 12, 2011
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Hey, this leads us into interesting territory. If we saw a spider web for the first time, and didn't know about the existence of spiders, would we infer an intelligent agent? Do spider webs contain CSI? I am not joking, can anyone give me an answer to that? And I promise I won't ask you to measure it, lol. If they don't, are they the product of chance + necessity? If they do - do we infer ID? Do spiders have the capability to reason? Do spiders plan? Do spiders solve problems? Do spiders think abstractly, comprehend ideas, use language, do spiders learn? I think they do one of these, maybe, just maybe, two - but no more. Hmmm. fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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"which is much more precise, but which would in fact include evolutionary processes." Which evolutionary process has the facility to make a choice between alternate options?Upright BiPed
August 12, 2011
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Barry:
In her next post Ms. Liddle writes: “What do ID proponents mean by Intelligence?: Barry responds: Kindly consult the UD glossary. We put a lot of work into it and it is there to answer questions exactly like this. It’s only one click away after all.
Barry, there is no need to be tart. I appreciate your reference to your glossary, but I assume that the UD blog does not define "intelligence" for all ID propononents, and, indeed, the one given there is not the one given by Dembski here: "...by intelligence I mean the power and facility to choose between options–this coincides with the Latin etymology of “intelligence,” namely, “to choose between" which is much more precise, but which would in fact include evolutionary processes. Actually, I think Dembski is correct; I think patterns that display "complex, specified" information do reliably result from systems with the "power and facility to choose between options" which is why things that emerge from replication with variance in heritable ability to survive in the current environment display those patterns. Actually, I think it's an important insight, and I wish more people would take it seriously. In contrast, your glossary gives this:
Intelligence – Wikipedia aptly and succinctly defines: “capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn.”
and I see no need to infer Intelligence, by that definition, from complex, specified patterns.Elizabeth Liddle
August 12, 2011
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Ms. Liddle, You wrote: "If John was an alien, and all he had was my post, beamed out from search engines into space, and devoid of all context, how would he know?" What if John were an archaeologist who found a shard of clay with unidentified, pre- Rosetta stone scribbles on it?lpadron
August 12, 2011
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Barry, you said..
lastyearon writes: “What if the intelligent agent was produced by chance and necessity? Wouldn’t the letters on the beach –which the intelligent agent wrote–then be the (indirect) result of chance and necessity?” Barry responds: Yes, that is true. So what?
So what? So the information contained in the message on the beach arose through chance and necessity. So your whole argument is invalidated.lastyearon
August 12, 2011
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Barry, I presume you consider brains to contain CSI? How do brains originate? Through procreation and development. Correct? I think we are touching here on another of those mildly irritating woolly ID concepts. fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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Barry, if you never knew what people are in the first place, you couldn't possibly conclude that they wrote the message on the beach. That is the context I mean. fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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Faded Glory writes: “we know very well that the mechanisms of producing human design artifacts are totally different from the processes by which biological CSI come into being, namely procreation and development?” Barry responds: Again, seriously? You don’t believe that CSI came into being through procreation and development do you? If you do, so far as I know you are alone. ID proponents don’t believe that. Darwinists don’t believe that. It is self-evidently false and it makes me weary to refute really bad arguments, so I won’t bother.Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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FG writes: “For a message on a beach we know the context of people visiting the beach, and alternatively the action of waves and flowing water. All this allows us to weigh alternatives and make an inference.” Barry responds: Seriously? You seem like a fairly intelligent person, so I can only conclude you wrote this response off the cuff and did not think it through. In my beach example isn’t it clear that we know people visited the beach because there is a message scratched on it and not the other way around?Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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Eric Anderson: "True, there is some weighing of probabilities of other possible explanations (which there always has to be), but there is an important presumptive side to the design inference. Namely, our repeated and uniform experience that, for example, complex, integrated, functional systems come *only* from a process of planning, coordination and design. We see such systems designed regularly; we never see them come about by chance and necessity." ------------- I think you are assuming your conclusion. If ID is incorrect, we are actually looking at complex, integrated, functional systems that have come about without ID all the time - every time we look at biological complexity! How do you know we are not, without assuming your conclusion? How do you know that an ID causal history is more probable than a non-ID one, if you haven't got the slightest idea what the ID causal history might be? Why does similarity in form and function imply similarity in causal history, when we know very well that the mechanisms of producing human desin artefacts are totally different from the processes by which biological CSI come into being, namely procreation and development? I think this is an example of unwarranted over-extrapolation. fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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In her next post Ms. Liddle writes: “What do ID proponents mean by Intelligence?: Barry responds: Kindly consult the UD glossary. We put a lot of work into it and it is there to answer questions exactly like this. It’s only one click away after all.Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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lastyearon writes: “What if the intelligent agent was produced by chance and necessity? Wouldn’t the letters on the beach –which the intelligent agent wrote–then be the (indirect) result of chance and necessity?” Barry responds: Yes, that is true. So what?Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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To all of my interlocutors, thank you for your interesting comments. I will address them one by one. Ms. Liddle writes: “John knows quite a lot about the likely provenance of the post. And that’s the point – to make a design inference about a pattern you have to look at more than just the pattern – you have to say: what kind of design process might have produced this pattern?” Barry responds: You must have missed my response to this precise argument at [7]. Please review. As I demonstrated there, a design inference is valid even if we know nothing of the “provenance” of the design. CSI is CSI in whatever context it appears. Perhaps this will make it clearer. In the movie 2001 explorers find an monolith on the moon. They knew the monolith was designed even though they did not have the faintest idea how it came to be there. The design inference was not only valid, it was glaringly obvious. You can go on repeating your “we have to know how the designer did it” mantra (and I use that term advisedly, because your devotion to metaphysical materialism is just as fervent as any religious belief I have ever seen) until you are blue in the face. As I have demonstrated twice now, the statement is not only false but obviously false. I am surprised an educated person would continue to advance it. Ms. Liddle writes: “For John, it’s easy, because he can see, immediately, that it is in English. If John was an alien, and all he had was my post, beamed out from search engines into space, and devoid of all context, how would he know?” Barry responds: He might not. Nothing in ID theory suggests that every design will be detected. Indeed, ID predicts false negatives, so your objection has no force. Ms. Liddle writes: “Unless John knows something about the processes by which such things are created, from the message alone, whether it’s a blog comment post or a strand of DNA, he’s not going to be able to tell whether it’s designed or not.” Barry responds. This is just another version of your mantra. I have already demolished the argument twice. No need to demolish it again.Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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