Uncommon Descent Serving The Intelligent Design Community

The Demands of Charity

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Faded Glory finally gets it!  He writes that he agrees that the ID inference is not illogical if it “applies to life we can actually investigate.”  [Is it just me or can anyone else hear the melodious strains of Handel’s Hallelujah Chorus playing in the background?]  Who says these internet debates never make progress?

Not unexpectedly, however, there is a fly in the proverbial ointment.  FG notes that ID is “agnostic” regarding causes that cannot be investigated, and of this he writes, “I think it is a rather unexpected conclusion but I have no quarrel with it.”

This is the most astonishing statement I have heard in a long time.

Why is this unexpected?  ID proponents have been saying all along that ID [qua ID] does not speculate beyond the data.  It does not ask, “What is the ultimate source of design?”  It asks only “Is this particular thing designed?”  As those who have been following this debate know, we have been saying this repeatedly, over and over, constantly, time after time, repetitively, ad nauseam, I think you get the picture.

How is it possible that this could surprise anyone?  I can only speculate, but I think it probably has something to do with the fact that many people assume that ID proponents are inveterate liars when they say they are not trying to prove the existence of God.  Interestingly, this charge comes from both sides of the theological divide.  ID is neither an apologetic nor creationism.  Yet theistic Darwinists deride ID as a failed apologetic (as johnnyb points out here), and atheists say ID is “creationism in a cheap tuxedo” (as Nick Matzke said here).

There is a common assumption among the theistic Darwinists and the atheists – that ID proponents are being disingenuous when they say that ID confines itself only to inferences from the observable data and refuses to speculate about what lies beyond the data.  Now it is certainly true that some people will take ID’s conclusions and leap from there to the existence of God, just as it is true that some people will take Darwinism’s conclusions and leap from there to the non-existence of God.  Everyone should agree, however, that it is not a valid scientific criticism of Darwinism to say that it might lead to more atheism.  Therefore, everyone should agree that it is not a valid scientific criticism of ID to say that it might lead to more theism.

One might be excused for assuming that arch-atheist scientists like Richard Dawkins take their atheism first and their science second.  This assumption might lead one to refuse to take Dawkins’ scientific arguments at face value and instead try to discredit his conclusions on the basis of his atheistic motivations rather than because the conclusions fail to account for the data.  And that would be wrong.  Simple charity demands that we assume our opponents are acting in good faith, and this requires us to deal with their arguments at face value.  I am certain this is how they would want to be treated, and I hope that someday they will apply the golden rule and extend the same charity to us, instead of simply assuming we are liars and attacking us on that basis alone.

Comments
Barry: "I am not sure we are disagreeing FG." It looks like we're not, lol. I gues I said 'No' because I disagree with you that we don't need context. For an internet message the context is that we know about internet, computers, etc. For a message on a beach we know the context of people visitng the beach, and alternatively the action of waves and flowing water. All this alows us to weigh alternatives and make an inference. Biological CSI lacks the context of understanding what the causal history is. We understand some of the potential biological history, and can make informed guesses on as yet unexplained bits, but we understand absolutely nothing of an unspecified designer. How can we ever hope to make a balanced judgement under such conditions? Why would an unspecified designer for which there is no independent evidence rate as more probable than biological mechanisms of which we have at least some understanding, even if highly incomplete? It makes no sense to me. fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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^ is a key point. What do ID proponents mean by Intelligence? By at least one definition (given by Dembski) Darwinian processes qualify.Elizabeth Liddle
August 12, 2011
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Barry,
if we saw the comment written on the beach we would know that the probability that chance and/or necessity caused the letters to appear on the beach in that order is effectively zero. We would then quite naturally conclude that the letters were scratched on the beach by an intelligent agent even if we know absolutely nothing about the “process” she used to place them there.
What if the intelligent agent was produced by chance and necessity? Wouldn't the letters on the beach --which the intelligent agent wrote--then be the (indirect) result of chance and necessity? In other words.. You are assuming your conclusion (chance and necessity could not have produced life) in your argument.lastyearon
August 12, 2011
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Barry:
To Ms. Liddle: Sorry. Your conclusion is not only false, but it is easy to demonstrate that it is false. I am certain you will agree that your comment at [2] is designed. And I am certain you will agree that an investigator [let’s call him John] who reads your comment at [2] will be justified in concluding that it is the result of intelligent agency and not the random typing of monkeys.
Of course. But John is a human being who understands English, not to mention the whole business of blogposts etc. So John knows quite a lot about the likely provenance of the post. And that's the point - to make a design inference about a pattern you have to look at more than just the pattern - you have to say: what kind of design process might have produced this pattern? For John, it's easy, because he can see, immediately, that it is in English. If John was an alien, and all he had was my post, beamed out from search engines into space, and devoid of all context, how would he know? Well, with a little more context, he might be able to spot something interesting about it I guess, and particularly if he found some interesting effects of the pattern - a flurry of responses, perhaps - and might ask himself: do these patterns correlated with some of these effects? And, if so, what kind of processes might lead to such a pattern?
But your logic would say that John’s design inference is invalid unless he can also explain the process by which you produced your comment at [2], which, of course, is nonsense.
It's not that it would be invalid, but that it would not be possible. Unless John knows something about the processes by which such things are created, from the message alone, whether it's a blog comment post or a strand of DNA, he's not going to be able to tell whether it's designed or not. And if he has more information - information about candidate designers and their habits, maybe, or simply correlation between pattern and effect, then what he can do is to figure out what the correlation between pattern and effect is, and try to figure out what kind of process might be responsible for that kind of pattern. One answer might be: something with a brain. Another answer might be: something a bit like a brain, in that it is a deeply nested contingency system, but maybe lacking foresight. In the case of a living cell, if I were John, I'd say the latter. And if I were Lizzie, which I am, I'd say the latter too :)Elizabeth Liddle
August 12, 2011
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True, there is some weighing of probabilities of other possible explanations (which there always has to be), but there is an important presumptive side to the design inference. Namely, our repeated and uniform experience that, for example, complex, integrated, functional systems come *only* from a process of planning, coordination and design. We see such systems designed regularly; we never see them come about by chance and necessity. The *only* reason anyone is even arguing about whether the physical systems we see in life are designed (Darwinists regularly admit they look designed and they have to keep reminding themselves that they aren't designed) is because either (i) folks have a philosophical objection to them being designed, or (ii) they imagine that some unknown, unspecified, as-yet-undiscovered, natural process in the distant past is an exception to our repeated and uniform experience and can somehow create the illusion something was designed even though it wasn't actually designed. If we want to talk about weighing probabilities, it isn't even close. Unless, of course, we have that nastly little philosophical hangup . . .Eric Anderson
August 12, 2011
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FG writes: “No Barry, it always has to be a weighing of probabilities.” I am not sure we are disagreeing FG. I wholeheartedly agree that the design inference consists of a weighing of probabilities. Take my message on the beach example. The probability that chance and/or necessity caused the letters to be arranged in that order on the beach is effectively nil. On the other hand, we routinely observe letters arranged in a similar fashion by intelligent agents. Therefore, we weight the probabilities and conclude that the probability of the chance/necessity hypothesis being true is nil and conversely the probability of the “act of intelligent agent” hypothesis being true is 1.Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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No Barry, it always has to be a weighing of probabilities, even if one doesn't explicitly formulate them. There is very little, if anything, in the world that could not possibly be explained in more than one way. Inferring something is deciding which of all those potential options is the most likely one. fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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FG, writes: “Knowing the context of the internet, computers, message boards and people, he will conclude that the probability that [Liddle’s comment at 2] is written by a person is very high. On the other hand, an alternative cause such as a bunch of monkeys having taken over a keyboard and by sheer chance producing the post is very low. As will other alternative options be. So he concludes that the most probable origin of the post is that it was written by a person, and voila, the design inference.” In the first sentence you state that we can know the comment was written by a person because it is on the internet and only people post on the internet. Wrong. The design inference does not depend on the text being on the internet. We can know beyond a shadow of a doubt that the comment is produced by an intelligent agent even if it were written in sand on a beach. Why? Because if we saw the comment written on the beach we would know that the probability that chance and/or necessity caused the letters to appear on the beach in that order is effectively zero. We would then quite naturally conclude that the letters were scratched on the beach by an intelligent agent even if we know absolutely nothing about the “process” she used to place them there. Conclusion: The design inference is valid without regard to context. CSI is CSI whether it appears on the beach or on the internet.Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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Pardon the typo's - those d*mn monkeys! fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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Barry, Lizzie can speak for herself, but I think the answer is something like this. When John concludes that Lizzie's post is designed, he does not do so by just looking at Lizzie's post and ignoring all context. I think what he does, although quite possibly subconsciously, is weigh the probability of various alternative hypotheses and pronounce the most likely as the actual one. Knowing the context of the internet, computers, message boards and people, he will conclude that the probability that the post is written by a person is very high. On the other hand, an alternative cause such as a bunch of monkeys having taken over a keyboard and by sheer chance producing the post is very low. As will other alternative options be. So he concludes that the most probable origin of the post is that it was written by a person, and voila, the design inference. Now, trying to do this on features of living creature is more problematic. On the one hand nobody claims that we know all there is to know about the origins of complex features in living beings, so it is very hard to put a probability on the option that the features have a 'natural' origin (I put quotes around the word becauese this is one of those horrible confusing and poorly defined terms - I mean one without involvement of an intentional mind). On the other hand it is probably even more difficult to estimate the probability of an unspecified designer we can only speculate on (but when we do so, we get told off lol). We have zero empirical evidence for the existence of such a designer apart from the complex feaures themselves, and invoking those as evidence would be fatally circular. So, given that the probability of either option is very hard to quantify, I don't think making a definitive choice is warranted. All that can be done is work the science and try to clarify the probabilities. In other words, investigate the possible mechanisms for the origin of the features. Biology tries to do this for the 'natural' option - but who is doing it for the 'intelligent' option? fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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To Ms. Liddle: Sorry. Your conclusion is not only false, but it is easy to demonstrate that it is false. I am certain you will agree that your comment at [2] is designed. And I am certain you will agree that an investigator [let’s call him John] who reads your comment at [2] will be justified in concluding that it is the result of intelligent agency and not the random typing of monkeys. But your logic would say that John’s design inference is invalid unless he can also explain the process by which you produced your comment at [2], which, of course, is nonsense.Barry Arrington
August 12, 2011
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Barry, Thanks for updating the OP to better reflect my views. You also say: "Please understand the distinction between metaphysical arguments and scientific arguments on this blog. ID proponents make both kinds of arguments, but when they are making the former they are NOT making ID arguments." Barry, I think I understand the difference between metaphysical and scientific arguments fairly well. The problem is that, from the look of it, not all ID proponents understand it. fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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There is also a problem Barry, with your repeated (ad nauseam!) claim that
[ID] does not ask, “What is the ultimate source of design?” It asks only “Is this particular thing designed?”
It's an absolutely useless question. If you want to figure out whether at thing is designed or not, or, even, what the signature of design is, you have to ask something about the design process Otherwise your argument is circular: it is says: an pattern like this could not have come about by non-design therefore it was designed. And to do that you have to find out what kinds of patterns can be generated by non-design processes! Confining them to those that can be regularly generated by tossing dice is useless, because nobody is even suggesting that the patterns you guys attribute to design might have been generated by some celestial roulette lottery number generator. So first question ought to be: what kind of design process would generate a design like that observed? In other words, you have to ask about the "source of the design", because otherwise all you have is: this wasn't made by monkeys with typewriters. Which we already know! This isn't "speculating beyond the data" - it's doing regular science, i.e. fitting models to data. Until you fit a model you haven't even begun!Elizabeth Liddle
August 12, 2011
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Barry, I am glad that you like my reply. You must be one of the few who do, lol! I am still not sure you fully realise that my position is actually not 'what is the ultimate source of design'. My position is that your argument contains a fatal logical flaw that is exposed when one tries to use it on first life. These things are really not the same, imo. Barry Arrington's responses to FG are in BOLD: FG writes: “My position is that your argument contains a fatal logical flaw that is exposed when one tries to use it on first life.” Translation: “Your argument contains a fatal logical flaw when it is a different argument than the one you are making.” FG, give it a rest will ya. Also note that I have not said that the ID inference is valid when applied to life we can actually investigate. I have merely agreed that your particular argument does not logically blow up if you restrict it to things you can actually investigate, and stay far from using it to explain what generated first life. Fair enough. I have modified the OP accordingly. It may not suffer from a fatal logical flaw under such conditions, but that does not automatically mean it is valid. I have other concerns about it but that is a different topic. Also, I am not sure that all ID proponents would agree that your argument should not be used to decide if first life was designed or not. From what I read here, my impression is that several posters claim that it demonstrates that first life was caused by an uncaused necessary being (whatever that may be). Please understand the distinction between metaphysical arguments and scientific arguments on this blog. ID proponents make both kinds of arguments, but when they are making the former they are NOT making ID arguments. You may want to engage these people in discussion and see if you can convince them that your argument shouldn't be applied that way. I do not think that ID supporters argue in bad faith, but I do think that there sometimes is confusion about terminology, and that there are some poorly defined concepts, occasional circularity, and a dose of over-extrapolation. So no, I am not a supporter, but I can enjoy a constructive and pleasant debate about these things. Cheers, fGfaded_Glory
August 12, 2011
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