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What Scientists Really Do

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In a comment to a recent post Dr. Liddle wrote: “Scientists do not appeal to authority; they appeal to evidence and argument, and all their conclusions are provisional, not absolute.”

I will grant that Dr. Liddle’s statement summarizes fairly what scientists should do, but I am astonished that anyone – much less someone who has been around the scientific block a few times as Dr. Liddle obviously has – would believe that is what scientists actually do. Every single scientific revolution, from Newton to Einstein, was met with vociferous opposition by the scientific establishment with a vested interest in the status quo. Indeed, I have previously noted on these pages that scientists often hold to the prevailing orthodoxy with a hidebound obstinacy that would make a mediaeval churchman blush.

Appeals to authority? If I had a dime for every every time I’ve heard “the overwhelming consensus among scientists is [fill in the blank],” I could retire comfortably today. Provisional conclusions? Give me a break. Tell that to the next Darwinist who gets red in the face, stamps his feed and yells “Darwinism is a fact, fact fact!”

 

Comments
Is there a field of study (properly so-called) that actually studies “what scientists really do,” and if so, what is it?
Yes. It is called the sociology of scientific knowledge or sometimes Science Studies. Steve Fuller, who sometimes posts on UD, is a professor in the subject. Most scientists who are aware of the discipline have very little respect for it. (I have a masters in Science and Society which overlaps with it)markf
February 9, 2012
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There were at least 8 independent investigatory committees that found no wrongdoing. Further, this doesn't back the claim that research funding goes only to "those who parrot the party line."DrREC
February 9, 2012
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Would sociology of science be what you want? KFkairosfocus
February 9, 2012
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Para, go look up the Climate gate email trails I and II. The mess is truly horrendous, there is an in-group acting like out of control ideologues who are giving those doing serious and careful science a black eye. KFkairosfocus
February 9, 2012
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"Well, yet again, this looks to me like a fuss over no more than different uses of the word “Darwinism”." In what way? I believe Arrington and Lynch are agreed on the definition of Darwinism. Darwinism is saying that the main cause for the origin of the diversity of life is natural selection. Arrington says that Darwinists ignore non-Darwinian evidence, and so does Lynch. I don't see how it is a "fuss over the different uses" - both are talking about the same use of Darwinism. And, as I've pointed out, this is the primary use of the term. Lynch was very clear what he meant by Darwinism. Arrington did not spell out his definition, but why would anyone assume that his definition was anything different than the standard one?johnnyb
February 9, 2012
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Mr. Arrington, Citation needed.paragwinn
February 9, 2012
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Liddle: “And scientists do not have a vested interest in the status quo. They – we – have a huge vested interest in overturning the status quo. That’s where the High Impact Factor journal papers come from, the keys to the gate of research funds.” Dr. Liddle, this is touchingly naïve if you really believe it. Everyone who has even a cursory understanding of the climate debate knows that the research money chases those who parrot the party line climate alarmism the loudest. This is just one example. There are many more.Barry Arrington
February 9, 2012
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This is what is so tragic when “scientists” are worshipped as if they are somehow better human beings. I think you're correct about 'normal human behavior', and that seems to be part of the problem: when people ask what person with title X does, there's a tendency to reply with an imagined ideal and try to pass that off as the reality. Do CEOs and executives put the needs of the company and their customers ahead of their own personal interests? Sure they do. Look at their job description - do you see anything in there about advancing their own interests over those of others'? That settles it. And how about elected officials? They represent their constituents. Advancing their personal power and wealth, or advocating pet causes of others? Show me where it says this in their oath. They don't do that - people just misunderstand government, that's all.nullasalus
February 9, 2012
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And scientists do not have a vested interest in the status quo. They – we – have a huge vested interest in overturning the status quo.
Not if they want to keep their jobs- or at least they have to wait until they have tenure. And the only common descent that has been overwhelmingly demonstrated is that humans have humans babies, cats have kittens and dogs have puppies.Joe
February 9, 2012
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Umm Darwin's basic principle was that natural selection is a designer mimic, which is as sound as (the) ether. Also the only selection that is non-random is artificial selection. Natural selection, a result, is totally biased by chance.Joe
February 9, 2012
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Anyone who does not think that ego and "where is my funding coming from?" don't play a big part in the practice of science is living in a fantasy world -- whether they work in a research field or not. The sinful ( read simply ordinary human ) behavior of scientists should be no surprise. I have never seen any statistics, but I would wager that the field of science has just a high a proportion of hypocrites, sell outs, and out and out fraudsters as any other field which involves sinful human beings. This is what is so tragic when "scientists" are worshipped as if they are somehow better human beings. Just not true. I think many people would be more open to ID if they did not belong to the "church of scientism" -- or if they had a reasonable expectation of the integrity of scientists in general.JDH
February 9, 2012
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Well, yet again, this looks to me like a fuss over no more than different uses of the word "Darwinism". It's perfectly true that we now tend to see "natural selection" as a mere bias on the sampling of the genetic pool in each generation, but that doesn't make Darwinism wrong, but it puts it on a much firmer statistical footing, and makes it clear that the categorical distinction between "random" mutation and "non-random" selection is a misleading one. Both processes are stochastic, and both are biased. But Darwin's basic principle remains sound.Elizabeth Liddle
February 9, 2012
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If I understand the question correctly, then Philosophy of Science is still the correct answer, but the History of Science would also be a correct answer. Philosophers of science study both what scientists *should* do and what they *actually* do. Historians of Science generally study what scientists *have* done.johnnyb
February 9, 2012
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Neil - Unless I misunderstand him, it looks like the Michael Lynch quote (quoted by Moran in the blog post you mention) is making the exact same argument that Barry Arrington is. In fact, Barry's quote:
Tell that to the next Darwinist who gets red in the face, stamps his feed and yells “Darwinism is a fact, fact fact!”
Almost exactly parallels Michael Lynch:
Numerous popularizers of evolution, some with careers focused on defending the teaching of evolution in public schools, are entirely satisfied that a blind adherence to the Darwinian concept of natural selection is a license for such activities. A commonality among all these groups is the near-absence of an appreciation of the most fundamental principles of evolution. Unfortunately, this list extends deep within the life sciences...the uncritical acceptance of natural selection as an explanatory force for all aspects of biodiversity (without any direct evidence) is not much different than invoking an intelligent designer (without any direct evidence)....The vast majority of evolutionary biologists studying morphological, physiological, and or behavioral traits almost always interpret the results in terms of adaptive mechanisms, and they are so convinced of the validity of this approach that virtually no attention is given to the null hypothesis of neutral evolution, despite the availability of methods to do so
Not quite as colorful of language, but essentially the same point.johnnyb
February 9, 2012
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Philosophy of science studies the thoughts, theories and methods of (mainly, natural) scientists, rather than their (individual & social) actions. Actually 'doing science,' however, this is a topic studied by what field(s)? (Say no to suggesting duh-Wiki references!) Elizabeth's humour is, in at least one way, not far off! Praxis...Gregory
February 9, 2012
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In a comment to a recent post Dr. Liddle wrote: “Scientists do not appeal to authority; they appeal to evidence and argument, and all their conclusions are provisional, not absolute.”
She is correct.
Every single scientific revolution, from Newton to Einstein, was met with vociferous opposition by the scientific establishment with a vested interest in the status quo.
This is mostly true. However, it does not contradict what you quote Dr. Liddle as saying.
If I had a dime for every every time I’ve heard “the overwhelming consensus among scientists is [fill in the blank],” I could retire comfortably today.
But that's not an appeal to authority. Nobody is saying "because the consensus says so, therefore it is true." Rather, what is being said is that, given the consensus on the evidence, you will need some rather clear evidence to persuade people otherwise.
Tell that to the next Darwinist who gets red in the face, stamps his feed and yells “Darwinism is a fact, fact fact!”
I don't recall coming across that. There's a lot of "evolution is a fact", but I don't think there's much "Darwinism is a fact." There's actually a lot of intellectual turmoil within the evolution community as to what is the best way of accounting for evolution. It probably all looks like Darwinism to the critics of evolution, but not to the biologists. Larry Moran discusses some of that in a post today at his blog.Neil Rickert
February 9, 2012
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Gregory, it sounds like you're looking for Philosophy of Science.Jammer
February 9, 2012
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Scientology? :pElizabeth Liddle
February 9, 2012
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Is there a field of study (properly so-called) that actually studies "what scientists really do," and if so, what is it?Gregory
February 9, 2012
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Just our of curiosity, what is Barry Arrington's exposure to the practice of science that trumps that of a scientist who has "been around the scientific block" as he put it?DrREC
February 9, 2012
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"Overwhelming consensus" is not the same as "not provisional". And scientists do not have a vested interest in the status quo. They - we - have a huge vested interest in overturning the status quo. That's where the High Impact Factor journal papers come from, the keys to the gate of research funds. However, and rightly, discoveries that radically alter our existing models are subject to far greater scrutiny than ones that confirm them. If a great deal of evidence supports one model, a quite different model has to do at least as well as the existing model in order to overthrow it. And unfortunately, crank theories that claim to overturn all of known physics are a dime a dozen. Occasionally a real contender turns up though, and they certainly hit the scientific headlines, even if they turn out to be false. Look at all that excitement over Cold Fusion. Or E8 theory. Or the Ekpyrotic Universe. It is certainly harder to get an exciting paper published than a run-of-the-mill replication study, but that's as it should be. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. But the payoff is that when you do get it published, it makes big waves, and those are what scientists eat for breakfast. As for "Darwinism is a fact" - depends what you mean. Darwinian processes have been directly observed, both in lab and field. The short-hand for that is "fact". Not even most IDists argue against Darwinian processes as the explanation for what they call "microevolution". Common descent is also pretty overwhelmingly demonstrated. So the next time a Darwinist "gets red in the face, stamps his feed and yells “Darwinism is a fact, fact fact!” ask her what she actually means. You may find you actually agree with her.Elizabeth Liddle
February 9, 2012
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Those who humbly seek after the truth will find that, more often than not, as you pointed out Mr. Arrington, they are in direct opposition to those in positions of power who falsely think they already know the truth.bornagain77
February 9, 2012
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