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A note on why people profess belief in the obviously false…

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PHIL Image 9875In the comments box at Miller’s Mendacity, Barry Arrington asks

It is getting to the point that refuting the nonsense is almost beside the point. No one believes it, least of all those who say they do. As you’ve been saying for some time now, the really interesting story here is the psychological story. Why do people profess belief in the obviously false?

Okay: Why do people profess belief in the obviously false? A couple notes:

– The belief that randomness produces information (central to Darwinism) is obviously false. It’s never been demonstrated because it can’t be. It is assumed.

It is assumed for the same reasons as the existence of a multiverse or a naturalist explanation for consciousness are assumed. And often spelled out: Any other approach raises the spectre of design.

Why? The unwillingness to confront something that appears dreadful often forces people to indulge beliefs known to be false (or unfalsifiable).

Let’s say a person has a skin itch that needs scratching. But he doesn’t want to consider what it might mean. What does he do? First, he drops a wad on over-the-counter symptom relievers. Then he goes on the internet, and embraces and discards various medical theories.

He won’t go see a skin specialist precisely because the specialist might identify the problem correctly, forcing a choice: Do I really want this situation to get better or not? Am I prepared to make the needed changes?

If the answer is no, he will typically not only continue to embrace the obviously false theory but try to enforce it. That’s the basis of the Darwin lobby’s finely honed enforcement skills and dramas around evolution.

– Some people also attempt to divert attention to a separate question: “Why do people profess belief in things that are not obviously true”? Hence various sludge theories in evolutionary psychology about why people believe in God.

Notice that the same people never focus the equivalent type of attention on questions like “Why do people believe in democracy?” or “Why do people believe in saving the whales?”

Because they know as well as anyone else that most matters in life stop short of incontestable proof, such as can be had in simple mathematics. Most of the time, we make do with “balance of evidence” rather than “beyond reasonable doubt.”

And that is just the problem. Naturalism and its creation story Darwinism are anomalous in that they are among the few beliefs that are false beyond reasonable doubt, but highly profitable to their purveyors. Especially because they must go on believing it themselves. Or pretending to. Or, more usually, something in between, always hoping …

Prediction: On that account, we will see much more crazy stuff in the near future.

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Comments
I say that the tone originated in that random white noise, and the strong selection due to the resonance of the pipe then transformed it into an nice note.
This just messes around with the meaning of "originated." I don't think it is particularly surprising that information would arise from "strong selection," especially where that strong selection has been designed for via intelligence. The information flow is most naturally understood to flow from the designer to the pipe to the tone. It should be pretty obvious that the pipe's designer is a better explanation of where the information originated than the white noise machine blowing random noise into it. That this would be skipped over in favor of a protected-belief-reinforcing view speaks volumes as to the veracity of the OP.Phinehas
April 12, 2016
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@Neil Rickert No Neil, I don't keep changing the goal posts, you never understood really what I was arguing about. I am really sorry that I can't come up with the words to make you see that what you believe is obviously false. I am sad because you will be justly judged by God for this very thing. Not because God did not make Christ available to you, but because you used the gift of free will and intelligence that he granted you to pile up an enough obfuscation and falsehoods to allow you to feel righteous about rejecting Him. You lose. I am sorry for you. P.S. I am just so curious, if you don't believe that God granted you free will and intelligence. Where did your free will and intelligence to carry on this latest argument come from?JDH
April 12, 2016
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Neil Rickert @ 44
No, sorry, that’s wrong. You are thinking of public key encryption. However, in typical use, public key crytography is used only briefly, to exchange a random key (the session key) between the two sides. Thereafter, the encrypted session use symmetric encryption based on that random key.
Yes I was thinking RSA encryption but it is not random. Algorithm chooses 2 primes. Then it is multiplied. Next the totient of the product is taken, the co-prime of the totient of product is taken. Next modular multiplicative inverse is calculated. Public Key is the totient of the product and co-prime to the product. The private key is the modular multiplicative inverse of co-prime.Me_Think
April 11, 2016
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PaV: I think here, at UD, we should uniformly term Shannon Information as “Unintelligent Search,” and hammer that home with our intellectual adversaries. I'm not sure I could get on board with that. I think of Shannon's Measure more like the value you obtain by maximizing information per query by using an intelligent search. If you want to locate a coin hidden in one box out of eight, you can do so in three yes/no queries if you use the optimal strategy. By some miracle of mathematics that's log2 8. 2x2x2 = 2^3 = 8.Mung
April 11, 2016
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Replying to JDH: I won't continue this. You are changing the topic as we go along (usually called "moving the goalposts").Neil Rickert
April 11, 2016
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PaV: Shannon Information is simply Boltzman’s measure of entropic disorder.
Firstly, you are confusing Shannon information with Shannon's measure of information. Secondly, you are confusing "entropy", as used by Shannon, with the entropy from thermodynamics. The two share the same name and a mathematical formula. But, apart from that, they are quite distinct.Neil Rickert
April 11, 2016
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Me_Think Encryption is not random. Encryption uses Prime numbers because Prime factorization of large numbers is difficult.
No, sorry, that's wrong. You are thinking of public key encryption. However, in typical use, public key crytography is used only briefly, to exchange a random key (the session key) between the two sides. Thereafter, the encrypted session use symmetric encryption based on that random key.Neil Rickert
April 11, 2016
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I ended my last post saying this:
I think here, at UD, we should uniformly term Shannon Information as “Unintelligent Search,” and hammer that home with our intellectual adversaries.
I should add this: Dembski's use of Shannon Information can be interpreted this way: when the level of information needed via "unintelligent" search reaches a certain extreme, then we can safely conclude that "intelligence" was used in arriving at this level of information. It all makes perfect sense.PaV
April 11, 2016
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The Physics of the Small and Large: What is the Bridge Between Them? Roger Penrose Excerpt: "The time-asymmetry is fundamentally connected to with the Second Law of Thermodynamics: indeed, the extraordinarily special nature (to a greater precision than about 1 in 10^10^123, in terms of phase-space volume) can be identified as the "source" of the Second Law (Entropy)." http://irafs.org/irafs_1/cd_irafs02/texts/penrose.pdf How special was the big bang? - Roger Penrose Excerpt: “This now tells us how precise the Creator's aim must have been: namely to an accuracy of one part in 10^10^123.” (from the Emperor’s New Mind, Penrose, pp 339-345 - 1989) http://www.ws5.com/Penrose/ "The 'accuracy of the Creator's aim' would have had to be in 10^10^123" Hawking, S. and Penrose, R., The Nature of Space and Time, Princeton, Princeton University Press (1996), 34, 35. Fine Tuning, Pink Unicorns, and The Triune God – video https://www.facebook.com/philip.cunningham.73/videos/vb.100000088262100/1145151962164402/?type=2&theater Cosmic coincidence spotted - Philip Ball - 2008 Excerpt: One interpretation of dark energy is that it results from the energy of empty space, called vacuum energy. The laws of quantum physics imply that empty space is not empty at all, but filled with particles popping in and out of existence. This particle ‘fizz’ should push objects apart, just as dark energy seems to require. But the theoretical value of this energy is immense — so huge that it should blow atoms apart, rather than just causing the Universe to accelerate. Physicists think that some unknown force nearly perfectly cancels out the vacuum energy, leaving only the amount seen as dark energy to push things apart. This cancellation is imperfect to an absurdly fine margin: the unknown 'energy' differs from the vacuum energy by just one part in 10^122. It seems incredible that any physical mechanism could be so finely poised as to reduce the vacuum energy to within a whisker of zero, but it seems to be so. http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080219/full/news.2008.610.html Astronomers Lie About Star Formation - June 20, 2015 Excerpt: “Cosmic Confusion: Talk of Multiverses and Big Errors in Astrophysics.” Mario Livio recently confessed to the public some severe embarrassments in his field. “With three other prominent astrophysicists on the panel, Livio delved into one of the most confounding (and embarrassing) problems in modern astrophysics,,,, He described how astronomers are off on their estimate for the vacuum energy of the universe by 120 orders of magnitude. “This is a large number even in astronomy,” Livio said. “Especially for a discrepancy.” One of the panelists, Josh Frieman, drove home how alarming this error is. “To make a math error that big you know you really have to work hard at it. It’s not easy,” said Frieman, who is a senior staff scientist at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the current director of the Dark Energy Survey. http://crev.info/2015/06/astronomers-lie-about-star-formation/bornagain77
April 11, 2016
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Neil Rickert:
I use only Shannon information. I used to think that I would need a different meaning for studying human cognition. But, after spending some time going down false trails, I’ve come the realize that Shannon information is what matters even in that case.
I think you're way off the mark here, Neil. Shannon Information is simply Boltzman's measure of entropic disorder. It's a statistical mechanics equation, which is, more or less, the same field as thermodynamics. When we deal with entropy, let's remember the notion of Maxwell's Demon: this attempt to overcome the 2nd Law. And how does that work? Well, you posit an entity that examines each particle separated by a permeable barrier, and Maxwell's Demon then allows one kind of particle--let's say of a higher momentum--to pass, but then disallows the other type particle (low energy/momentum) from passing. We then have a disequilibrium condition contrary to laws of thermodynamics. Well, what does the Demon do? It examines and chooses--just like intelligent beings do!!! Thermodynamics tells us that Maxwell's Demon doesn't exist. And if the "Demon" doesn't exist, then Boltzman's entropic description of disorder lacks any intelligent element to its process, and is simply a process that cannot "search," since "search" is an intelligent process, but is, rather, what we would call 'blind search': a process where things just bang into one another at random. There's no way that Shannon Information can be a substitute for intelligence. It's no more than blind search: a process where things just bang into one another at random. I think here, at UD, we should uniformly term Shannon Information as "Unintelligent Search," and hammer that home with our intellectual adversaries.PaV
April 11, 2016
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Thank you, Me_Think. You want a scientific answer; proving my point that for the atheist nothing has to be something. And from that nothing (absolute nothing not the fairy tale nothing of the equivocating atheist) came the universe (or multiverse if you've got that much faith).RexTugwell
April 11, 2016
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RexTugwell @ 38
nothing n. – what rocks dream about
I want a scientific answer.
I see pedantry is the order of the day. I know the difference between a bang and inflation. Let’s try this again: What expanded / inflated? (and don’t say the universe)
The true vacuum bubble.Me_Think
April 11, 2016
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nothing n. - what rocks dream about Of course for the atheist nothing has to be something. Even the most ardent atheist knows that something can't come from the absolute absence of being.
Universe didn’t bang into existence , it expanded into existence (inflation).
I see pedantry is the order of the day. I know the difference between a bang and inflation. Let's try this again: What expanded / inflated? (and don't say the universe)RexTugwell
April 11, 2016
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RexTugwell @ 34
Fascinating. So prior to all space, time, matter and energy, it was random fluctuations (implying time) of energy (when there was no energy) in empty space (when there was no space) that created the universe.
There is no time - there is only arrow of time. Time is something that humans created. Arrow of time is just entropy, which is created with the virtual particles which - as you would have heard often times- pops in and out of existence with Quantum fluctuations. What do you mean by 'there was no space?'. Before our universe was created, what was there? empty space? Fields? Energy? Nothing? Can you define the nothing of 'before universe'?
Pray tell, Me_(Don’t)_Think, what in your opinion was the mechanism that is responsible for gathering and containing all of this nothingness into a singularity of 10^80 baryons before it Banged into our universe?
What do you mean by gathering of baryons? Singularity didn't contain any baryons nor bosons! Universe didn't bang into existence , it expanded into existence (inflation). What do you think Quantum fluctuation of meta stable false vacuum is about, if not exponential inflation?Me_Think
April 11, 2016
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JDH: Likewise an organ pipe manufactured to play a given note has the information that its length was designed to get resonance at a certain pitch. Natural pipes exist in nature, such as reeds, which can produce a sweet tone in a breeze, or even wind blowing through a canyon.Zachriel
April 11, 2016
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Cosmology: A Religion For Atheists? | William Lane Craig critiques "The Theory Of Everything" movie (Standard Big Bang model and Hawking's Quantum 'no boundary' Model both, contrary to popular thought, imply a definite beginning for the universe) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i08-gCue7Ds also of note: A Matter of Considerable Gravity: On the Purported Detection of Gravitational Waves and Cosmic Inflation - Bruce Gordon - April 4, 2014 Excerpt: Thirdly, at least two paradoxes result from the inflationary multiverse proposal that suggest our place in such a multiverse must be very special: the "Boltzmann Brain Paradox" and the "Youngness Paradox." In brief, if the inflationary mechanism is autonomously operative in a way that generates a multiverse, then with probability indistinguishable from one (i.e., virtual necessity) the typical observer in such a multiverse is an evanescent thermal fluctuation with memories of a past that never existed (a Boltzmann brain) rather than an observer of the sort we take ourselves to be. Alternatively, by a second measure, post-inflationary universes should overwhelmingly have just been formed, which means that our existence in an old universe like our own has a probability that is effectively zero (i.e., it's nigh impossible). So if our universe existed as part of such a multiverse, it would not be at all typical, but rather infinitely improbable (fine-tuned) with respect to its age and compatibility with stable life-forms. http://www.evolutionnews.org/2014/04/a_matter_of_con084001.html Fine Tuning, Pink Unicorns, and The Triune God – video https://www.facebook.com/philip.cunningham.73/videos/vb.100000088262100/1145151962164402/?type=2&theater Does a Multiverse Explain the Fine Tuning of the Universe? - Dr. Craig (observer selection effect vs. Boltzmann Brains) - video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pb9aXduPfuAbornagain77
April 11, 2016
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Fascinating. So prior to all space, time, matter and energy, it was random fluctuations (implying time) of energy (when there was no energy) in empty space (when there was no space) that created the universe. Pray tell, Me_(Don't)_Think, what in your opinion was the mechanism that is responsible for gathering and containing all of this nothingness into a singularity of 10^80 baryons before it Banged into our universe?RexTugwell
April 11, 2016
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RexTugwell @ 32
Oh boy! Here we go. Me_Think, what is your definition of nothing and what exactly was fluctuating?
Energy,of course. All QM systems fluctuate about their zero point energy (which is their energy in ground state). If you want the exact definition of empty space/ nothing it is the eigenstate of energy operator with the lowest possible energy. If you want to debate whether the QM term 'empty'/ 'nothing' is really nothing or something, you can search for such threads all over UD. In fact, it is one of the favorite topics at UD.Me_Think
April 11, 2016
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Oh boy! Here we go. Me_Think, what is your definition of nothing and what exactly was fluctuating?RexTugwell
April 11, 2016
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Encryption is not random. Encryption uses Prime numbers because Prime factorization of large numbers is difficult.It makes no sense to say randomness has no information. It is random fluctuations in Quantum field that creates virtual particles, it is random fluctuation in empty space that created the universe.Me_Think
April 11, 2016
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Hi Neil, Intrinsic information (my term, but I have seen others use it the same way) is information that is contained in the item and has a meaning irrespective of its external context. For example, living cells have a complex genome necessary for creation of the next generation of cells. Competent scientists trying to ask, "What is the sequence of nucleic acids in this cell and what is it for?" would all come to the same conclusions eventually. This is because the information contained inside of a living cell contains intrinsic information. Likewise an organ pipe manufactured to play a given note has the information that its length was designed to get resonance at a certain pitch. You don't have to have any context to communicate to an observer what pitch the organ pipe is tuned to, this information was locked in when it was designed. Any competent observer will come to the conclusion that the organ pipe is tuned for the same note. It is precisely for this reason that a random shared secret should have no intrinsic information. A shared secret which gives away where and when it was created is not good. The software designers have failed if the key contains intrinsic information. Since the shared secret is a random series of events - which creates a random pattern of n 1's and 0's - it is specifically by design not supposed to have intrinsic information. It only has information because of the context in which it was received, usually in some handshake procedure between two machines. Please be smart enough to realize this. No one would like to use a shared secret for a transaction, that gave away information. This is why the shared secret is random. No other key will ever be produced like it. It is entirely useless after the transaction is done and no one can tell by looking at the key what transaction it was for, when the transaction occurred, or what will be the next key for another transaction. The point is that production of the key by a random process does not produce anything like a musical instrument or like a living cell. It produces a memory of a series of events that allow the communication of sensitive data encrypted by a shared secret. Outside of its use of a shared secret, this sequence of 1's and 0's has no use. You can not call it the intrinsic information of the communication session. It is just a shared secret- an extremely improbable event that only contains information in the context it is used. I hope that is clear and you don't come back with another analogy that does not help your cause.JDH
April 11, 2016
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You have now changed the entire issue from "information" to "intrinsic information". This switcheroo requires precise definitions. Personally, I don't believe that there is any such thing as "intrinsic information". Of course, you can call some things "intrinsic information" if you want. But, in that case, why not say that the encryption key is the intrinsic information that makes this particular communication session possible?Neil Rickert
April 10, 2016
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Neil, First of all: I don't find your examples illuminating at all and I don't think they advance your case. The musical instruments create the pitches they do because of the set laws of physics of vibrations. There is not, "...invisible intelligent designer sitting in the organ pipe...", but there certainly was a human designer who carefully specified how to mill the metal and shape it, and cut it to the precisely needed length. Musical instruments produce music precisely because they are intelligently designed. The reason we have the trumpet, flute, piano, etc. is because many people found intelligent ways to make pleasing sounds from vibrations. Please consult any book on musical theory and you will see how complicated the equal tempered scale is. So back to your bank example. You claim the random process which creates a shared secret key contains information. Let's examine what types of information it contains. Does it contain any intrinsic information. Well very little. It is a certain length ( 256 bits for example ). But the reason it contains 256 bits is because that is the length of random key the programmers chose. That is not an example of a random process generating information. This is an example of intelligent designers, the programmers, choosing a design option. Now does the order of the bits contain any intrinsic information. If the designers did a good job, it certainly does not. As a matter of fact, let's assume that the key does contain some intrinsic information. Let's assume that because of a bug in the software used by The First Bank, the first 32 bits of every shared secret are specified to be 0xBADBADEE This would be a serious bug in an encryption program. A 256 bit key that started with 0xBADBADEE would carry the information that it was probably the shared secret for a transaction from The First Bank Hopefully, programmers would not create a bug like this. The only information an encryption key should have is its external information. The information that it provides because of its context. This context is that this 256 bit random pattern is a shared secret guarding this transaction. You claim that a random process creates information when a shared secret is generated. Well, yes, the series of bits is information, but it is not being created to fit any specification. As a matter of fact, if the resultant key contains any intrinsic information ( i.e. if adheres to some specification like the first 32 bits are 0xBADBADEE so we know if probably comes form The First Bank) then the intelligent designers of the bank software have failed at their job and their software is less secure than it should be. It remains that a random process can only create a fluctuation from the norm. An unguided process, can not achieve a specification except as a chance occurrence. But, even if this specification is achieved, there is no guarantee in a random process, that it will move to some next step in some information building process. It has just as much chance of cascading down to white noise, as it has to stepping up to a more recognizable pattern. This is just the cold hard facts of what it means that a process is random. So please, no more bad examples, because in reality, each of your examples point to the need for intelligent design ( builders of musical instruments, software programmers ) rather than bolstering the idea that information ( usually classified as functionally specific complex information ) can be created by a random process. I hope you see that.JDH
April 10, 2016
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JDH: The initial argument is about whether randomness can create information.
The example of cryptography shows that it quite clearly can. The problem here, is that there are different meanings of "information". The arguments that ID proponents use, seem to depend on conflating different meanings. I use only Shannon information. I used to think that I would need a different meaning for studying human cognition. But, after spending some time going down false trails, I've come the realize that Shannon information is what matters even in that case. You used to be able to buy a "white noise" machine. Maybe you still can. This would blow a gentle stream of air, with a light sound of rushing air. That was white noise. And white noise is really just random vibrations of air molecules. Now take the output of that white noise machine, and feed it into an organ pipe. The result will be a nice tone at the pitch of the organ pipe. So lets suppose that randomness does not create information. Then where does that nice tone come from? Is there a invisible intelligent designer sitting in the organ pipe, to inject music (but only when the white noise is blowing in)? I say that the tone originated in that random white noise, and the strong selection due to the resonance of the pipe then transformed it into an nice note. Most music instruments work in a similar way. The violin bow creates random vibrations, and this is followed by strong selection due to the resonance of the violin string. Striking a piano key causes a hammer to strike the string and induce random vibrations, which is followed by strong selection due to the resonance of the piano string. It's true that, most of the time, randomness produces useless uninteresting information. That's why our music instruments depend on a subsequent strong selection due to resonance. But useless uninteresting information is still information. And selection, applied to apparently useless information, can lead to highly useful information. I picked cryptography in my original reply, because in that case the randomness is generating highly useful information. So it's a far clearer counter example than the music instruments.Neil Rickert
April 10, 2016
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Sev, While local issues occupy focus, I passed by a moment:
Look up the number of candidates in the current presidential election who have claimed it was God’s will that they run.
This is different from, God has foreordained that candidate X wins. Very different. God may purpose to give humans a test that reveals the secrets and intents of hearts and/or is an opportunity for soul-making. In the further context of say Ac 17, where God is seen as influencing the course of history through people, place and the kairous . . . hinges of history. In that context a sobering thought for me is that the NT portrays two telling "elections." In the first, the people chose a brigand, insurrectionist and murderer over Jesus of Nazareth. In the second -- a referendum in miniature on a policy decision -- in Ac 27, despite the known dangers of late sailing, people went with the bought and paid for technico and the Mr Moneybags over the man who we know separately had already survived three shipwrecks. Yes, Jesus lost an election, to a thief and murderer. Paul, to a march of folly. A sobering lesson on the difference between popular will and soundness, thus on our individual and collective responsibility. Under God. KFkairosfocus
April 10, 2016
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BA77: "Well, I guess if your okay with the central dogma of the modern synthesis (i.e. neo-Darwinism) being completely undermined, " I must have missed the paper you referenced that showed the coding of DNA by the proteins. "I’m done with you." If you can't respond to the simplest of criticism, I can see why you would want to run away.Indiana Effigy
April 10, 2016
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Well, I guess if your okay with the central dogma of the modern synthesis (i.e. neo-Darwinism) being completely undermined, and with molecular machines of the cell inducing mutations to DNA in order to deal with environmental stress, then that is just further proof of your self imposed blindness to the evidence at hand. I'm done with you. Adios.bornagain77
April 10, 2016
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BA77, none of your copy pasta conclude that the mutations are non- random with respect to fitness.Indiana Effigy
April 10, 2016
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Okay: Why do people profess belief in the obviously false?
Because they don't believe it's obviously false? Look up the number of candidates in the current presidential election who have claimed it was God's will that they run. Even though they are politicians, I will give them the benefit of the doubt and assume they all believe what they say to be true. Unless you think God has a mischievous sense of humor, they can't all be right, in spite of their belief.
– The belief that randomness produces information (central to Darwinism) is obviously false. It’s never been demonstrated because it can’t be. It is assumed.
The Darwinian version of evolution holds that mutations that are apparently random with respect to the survival of the individual can nonetheless be benefical or detrimental depending on the environment in which they occur - in other words it is random mutation and natural selection that can lead to advatageous adaptations. To think of information as a property of objects is to confuse the map with the territory. Information is better understood as a property of the models intelligent beings such as ourselves create to represent the world in which we find ourselves. It is a property of the model not the thing being modeled.
It is assumed for the same reasons as the existence of a multiverse or a naturalist explanation for consciousness are assumed. And often spelled out: Any other approach raises the spectre of design.
Standard disclaimer: multiverse is a speculative explanation in cosmology not biology. It may well be true that there are some people who prefer naturalistic explanations because because they slam the door on the Divine Foot. It is also more likely to be true that naturalistic explanations are preferred simply because there are no credible alternatives - and because they have been found to work.
Why? The unwillingness to confront something that appears dreadful often forces people to indulge beliefs known to be false (or unfalsifiable).
That's right. That's why people believe in benevolent - or even malevolent - gods if they offer the hope of a better life after death, for example. The prospect that all we face is a brief and purposeless life in a largely hostile and purposeless universe followed by personal annihilation is something that is intolerable to many.Seversky
April 10, 2016
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Failed Darwinian Prediction – Mutations are not adaptive – Cornelius Hunter – 2015 Excerpt: In the twentieth century, the theory of evolution predicted that mutations are not adaptive or directed. In other words, mutations were believed to be random with respect to the needs of the individual.,,, But that assumption is now known to be false.,,, (References on site) https://sites.google.com/site/darwinspredictions/mutations-are-not-adaptive also of note: WHAT SCIENTIFIC IDEA IS READY FOR RETIREMENT? Fully Random Mutations - Kevin Kelly - 2014 Excerpt: What is commonly called "random mutation" does not in fact occur in a mathematically random pattern. The process of genetic mutation is extremely complex, with multiple pathways, involving more than one system. Current research suggests most spontaneous mutations occur as errors in the repair process for damaged DNA. Neither the damage nor the errors in repair have been shown to be random in where they occur, how they occur, or when they occur. Rather, the idea that mutations are random is simply a widely held assumption by non-specialists and even many teachers of biology. There is no direct evidence for it. On the contrary, there's much evidence that genetic mutation vary in patterns. For instance it is pretty much accepted that mutation rates increase or decrease as stress on the cells increases or decreases. These variable rates of mutation include mutations induced by stress from an organism's predators and competition, and as well as increased mutations brought on by environmental and epigenetic factors. Mutations have also been shown to have a higher chance of occurring near a place in DNA where mutations have already occurred, creating mutation hotspot clusters—a non-random pattern. http://edge.org/response-detail/25264 Non-Random and Targeted Mutations (Environmentally induced changes to the level of DNA, 6:34 minute mark of video) - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTChu5vX1VIbornagain77
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