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“Actually Observed” Means, Well, “Actually Observed”

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In a comment to a recent thread I made the following challenge to the materialists:

Show me one example – just one; that’s all I need – of chance/law forces creating 500 bits of complex specified information. [Question begging not allowed.] If you do, I will delete all of the pro-ID posts on this website and turn it into a forum for the promotion of materialism. . . .

There is no need to form any hypothesis whatsoever to meet the challenge. The provenance of the example of CSI that will meet the challenge will be ACTUALLY KNOWN. That is why I put the part about question begging in there. It is easy for a materialist to say “the DNA code easily has more than 500 bits of CSI and we know that it came about by chance/law forces.” Of course we know no such thing. Materialists infer it from the evidence, but that is not the only possible explanation.

Let me give you an example. If you watch me put 500 coins on a table and I turn all of them “heads” up, you will know that the provenance of the pattern is “intelligent design.” You do not have to form a chance hypothesis and see if it is rejected. You sat there and watched me. There is no doubt that the pattern resulted from intelligent agency.

My challenge will be met when someone shows a single example of chance/law forces having been actually observed creating 500 bits of CSI.

R0bb responded not by meeting the challenge (no surprise there) but by suggesting I erred when I said CSI can be “assessed without a chance hypothesis.” (And later keith s adopted this criticism).

I find this criticism odd to say the least. The word “hypothesis” means:

A proposition . . . set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena, either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide investigation (working hypothesis) or accepted as highly probable in the light of established facts.

It should be obvious from this definition that we form a hypothesis regarding a phenomenon only when the cause of the phenomenon is unknown, i.e., has not been actually observed. As I said above, in my coin example there is no need to form any sort of hypothesis to explain the cause of the coin pattern. The cause of the coin pattern is actually known.

I don’t know why this is difficult for R0bb to understand, but there you go. To meet the challenge, the materialists will have to show me where a chance/law process was “actually observed” to have created 500 bits of CSI. Efforts have been made. All have failed. The now defunct infinite monkeys program being just one example. It took 2,737,850 million billion billion billion monkey-years to get the first 24 characters from Henry IV part 2.

 

UPDATE:

R0bb  responds at comment  11:

That’s certainly true, but we’re not trying to explain the cause of the coin pattern. We trying to determine whether the coin pattern has CSI. Can you please tell us how to do that without a chance hypothesis?

To which I responded:

1. Suppose you watched me arrange the coins. You see a highly improbable (500 bits) pattern conforming to a specification. Yes, it has CSI.

2. Now, suppose you and I were born at the same time as the big bang and did not age. Suppose further that instead of intentionally arranging the coins you watched me actually flip the coins at the rate of one flip per second. While it is not logically impossible for me to flip “all 500 heads,” it is not probable that we would see that specification from the moment of the big bang until now.

So you see, we’ve actually observed the cause of each pattern. The specification was achieved in scenario 1 by an intelligent agent with a few minutes’ effort. In scenario 2 the specification was never achieved from the moment of the big bang until now.

The essence of the design inference is this: Chance/law forces have never been actually observed to create 500 bits of specified information. Intelligent agents do so routinely. When we see 500 bits of specified information, the best explanation (indeed, the only explanation that has actually been observed to be a vera causa) is intelligent agency.

To meet my challenge, all you have to do is show me where chance/law forces have been observed to create 500 bits of specified information.

 

Comments
PeterJ, No. I mean the probability any given coin is a head or a tail is 0.5. You could achieve this by throwing coins on the floor, tossing them individually, or drawing random numbers from one of several probability distributions. Dionisio. Now.wd400
November 17, 2014
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BA, That's not actually testing whether CSI can detect design without knowing (or assuming) in advance whether the subject is designed. Do you understand what P(T|H) refers to? CSI isn't detecting design when it starts with the assumption that no non-design hypotheses are viable. In any event, CSI's boosters have a huge incentive to actually test its design-detection prowess in the real world. Their utter, and in many cases indignant, refusal to consider doing so strongly suggests that they are as convinced as I am that it just doesn't detect design. (Again, I think Ewert is explicit about that, but I'm not sure everyone got the memo.)Learned Hand
November 17, 2014
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Barry, Before we move on to discuss your example, will you acknowledge that Dembski and the rest of us are right that chance hypotheses are required? You insisted that they weren't, but that's incorrect, as you now know.keith s
November 17, 2014
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#69 wd400
Whoops, I know see that...
know?Dionisio
November 17, 2014
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LH:
I think I’ll start a clock on any ID supporter actually testing whether CSI can detect design without knowing (or assuming) in advance whether the subject is designed.
How about an ID opponent a few minutes ago? See 58 where keiths explains it for you.Barry Arrington
November 17, 2014
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Learned Hand #79, That's right. "X exhibits 842 bits of CSI" is no more meaningful than "Dembski is unaware of how a natural mechanism could have plausibly produced X". The former sounds a lot more mathy and sciencey than the latter, though. It's bad science, but good marketing.keith s
November 17, 2014
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Keiths, read Dembski’s paper again. Read this part especially:
Probabilistic arguments are inherently fallible in the sense that our assumptions about relevant probability distributions might always be in error. Thus, it is always a possibility that {Hi}i?I omits some crucial chance hypothesis that might be operating in the world and account for the event E in question. But are we to take this possibility seriously in the absence of good evidence for the operation of such a chance hypothesis in the production of E? Indeed, the mere possibility that we might have missed some chance hypothesis is hardly reason to think that such a hypothesis was operating.
Dembski goes on to give an example of the kinds of hypotheses he thinks can be disregarded:
No experiments since [Miller-Urey] have shown how these building blocks could, by purely chemical means (and thus apart from design), be built up into complex biomolecular systems needed for life (like proteins and multiprotein assemblages, to say nothing of fully functioning cells).
It's a textbook argument from ignorance. "We don't know how this happened, therefore we can assume it didn't."Learned Hand
November 17, 2014
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BA: In short, lawlike necessity accounts for the bulk of the effect. This is not the sort of information rich aperiodic interactively functional structures we have been pointing to over and over as examples of functionally specific complex organisation, only to be brushed aside in the haste to set up and knock over strawmen. I start, again with the Abu 6500 c3 reel. Please, take one up -- they are easy to find -- and satisfy yourself on the empirical reality and configurational constraints of FSCO/I. Understand, this is vastly simpler than protein synthesis in ribosomes, which is similarly FSCO/I. KFkairosfocus
November 17, 2014
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Thanks Wd400, So, let me get this straight. I pick up a bucket of 500 coins and throw the contents up in the air, if they all happen to land heads then I could sat that this had a probability = 0.5? Look, don't worry, I'm not going to keep on about this, I am working night shift in a few hours and have to go lay down for a while :)PeterJ
November 17, 2014
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Especially when for two years you personally have refused to provide an essay grounding on empirical evidence the blind watchmaker tree of life from root to twigs.
I think I'll start a clock on any ID supporter actually testing whether CSI can detect design without knowing (or assuming) in advance whether the subject is designed. If we start the clock with Dembski's early work, we're coming up on nearly twenty years, right? (To be fair, Ewert suggests this isn't what CSI is meant to do. But I don't think the UD regulars agree with that in practice; I'm not even sure Dembski does.)Learned Hand
November 17, 2014
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keith, I think we are talking past each other. My example assumes a fair coin. If we flip a fair coin 500 times the pattern was the result of chance. Similarly, my challenge assumes the actual working of chance/law forces. There is no need to form a hypothesis about that which is observed to be in effect (i.e., chance/law processes in action).Barry Arrington
November 17, 2014
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Barry Arrington “Complex” is not measured by the number of pebbles on the beach. It is measured by the probability of their configuration, which in the example you gave is close to 1 A natural process produced a highly ordered, specified structure that meets all of your CSI definitions in the original challenge. Too late to change the definitions now.Adapa
November 17, 2014
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KS, please stop setting up and knocking over strawmen. Especially when for two years you personally have refused to provide an essay grounding on empirical evidence the blind watchmaker tree of life from root to twigs. The challenge to do so is till open, BTW. When we see that contrast, we will draw our conclusions on the tree with the bear the dog would not bark at. KFkairosfocus
November 17, 2014
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phoodoo I wonder who said that? I don’t think this is the definition of complex at all. Then what is the definition of "complex" used by the ID community? How many parts and with what relationship to each other does something have to have to qualify as "complex"?Adapa
November 17, 2014
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Keiths, read Dembski’s paper again. Read this part especially:
Probabilistic arguments are inherently fallible in the sense that our assumptions about relevant probability distributions might always be in error. Thus, it is always a possibility that {Hi}i?I omits some crucial chance hypothesis that might be operating in the world and account for the event E in question. But are we to take this possibility seriously in the absence of good evidence for the operation of such a chance hypothesis in the production of E? Indeed, the mere possibility that we might have missed some chance hypothesis is hardly reason to think that such a hypothesis was operating.
If Dembski really means that it's acceptable to disregard the probabilities of unknown non-design causes, then he can no longer claim that specified complexity is immune to false positives. In any case where he is ignorant of a viable non-design cause, he may correctly calculate CSI and falsely conclude that the subject exhibits specified complexity. Nor does CSI look like a very serious enterprise anymore. When calculating F=MA, one can't say, "Well, I don't know what acceleration is here... so let's just forget about that part." If CSI is calculating something in comparison to non-design alternatives, then it needs to consider what those alternatives are--otherwise, there's no basis for saying that the outcome is sufficiently improbable. "I don't know what value to use for P(T|H)" is not the same thing as "We don't need to consider P(T|H)." In other words, the impossibility of calculating the odds of unknown alternatives doesn't rescue a CSI calculation that depends upon them.Learned Hand
November 17, 2014
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Adapa “Complex” is not measured by the number of pebbles on the beach. It is measured by the probability of their configuration, which in the example you gave is close to 1.Barry Arrington
November 17, 2014
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Adapa, the Chesil beach example has long been answered, the matter is one of sorting action and is law pus chance similar to settling out soil in a beaker to see layers of different particle size; the beach is not a case of FSCO/I unlike a 6500 C3 reel or text in this thread or the like, or DNA. Do you wish to argue that water sorting action or the like explains proteins based on aa strings and as needed for life by the hundreds? The DNA code? Please think afresh. KFkairosfocus
November 17, 2014
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Adapa, Did someone say that "complex" means having a large volume of things? I wonder who said that? I don't think this is the definition of complex at all. I wouldn't call a cup of flour complex, even though it has many pieces of powder inside.phoodoo
November 17, 2014
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Barry:
Dang, keith, I could have written those two paragraphs. Perhaps we are not so far apart as I imagined.
Are you sure about that? Did you notice that I used the phrase "chance hypothesis"? Are you now admitting that Dembski is correct, and that you must employ chance hypotheses before you can establish the presence of CSI?keith s
November 17, 2014
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Learned Hand, It's supremely ironic, isn't it? We have ID proponents who understand neither evolutionary theory nor ID, yet they're adamant that the former is false and the latter is correct. It's pure faith and no reason. Barry, Have you considered starting a thread in which ID supporters can ask questions about ID, with ID critics supplying the answers?keith s
November 17, 2014
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#4 Moose Dr
I must admit, I am frustrated with the term “specified”. I would rather use “function specifying”. Provide 500 bits of data which, when provided to a data to function converter (such as a computer) produces complex function.
Agree. Thank you.Dionisio
November 17, 2014
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LH" I have other things on the plate for today but glanced here. I am severely disappointed to see your "shut up" mischaracterisation, which -- given what has been repeatedly explained -- verges on outright mendacity as you are far too educated not to get the basic point. It comes across as this is too handy a rhetorical club to let the mere truth get in the way. That truth is simple. Given complexity beyond 500 - 1,000 bits, islands of function relevant to life will reliably not be found by sparse blind watchmaker searches as are feasible on sol system or observed cosmos scopes. Starting with OOL, where the reasonable hyps as to what can have been at work are physical, chemical and thermodynamic. The blind watchmaker thesis tree of life has no root. The relevant FSCO/I has one reasonable empirically warranted explanation, design and that also transforms estimates the rest of the way to the twigs including ours. Mathematically, it was repeatedly pointed out to you that the log reduction of the Dembski 2005 metric model reveals an info beyond a threshold metric. Where, information is readily empirically estimated on things such as structured strings of y/n qs to specify a config among possibilities, or statistical studies that bring up redundancies or the like. Info is readily estimated for D/RNA and Proteins especially, as has been published. The values do not help the blind forces thesis. The distance life systems are beyond the FSCO/I threshold is so large there is no material difference on simple 2 bits per base or 4.32 per AA and more sophisticated studies. A simplistic 1st cell with 100 AA proteins at 1 bit effective info per AA and 100 for life, is still 10,000 bits, where the config space DOUBLES per bit beyond 1,000 bits. As for, the implicitly hoped for searches for a golden search that somehow get you just right for OOL etc, we move to how samples are subsets so for a set of cardinality W the set of subsets is of cardinality 2^w, an exponentially harder yet search. Any reasonable blind search plausible on the physical setting of a Darwin's pond or the like will not justify such a golden search. As for novel body plans, mutations of various types, etc do not plausibly cross the gaps between protein clusters in AA sequence space, where jumps in genome size for the dozens of body plans look like 10 - 100+ mn bases per new plan. Within resources of Earth, not even sol system. So, the talking point on probability values vs info values has been answered over and over again, especially in recent days that this point has stuck its head over the parapet. Just, you refuse to respect the principle of fairly acknowledging that, and I have to say such because several times answers were directed to you. Please do better. KFkairosfocus
November 17, 2014
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Keith s
To use the coin-flipping example, every sequence of 500 fair coin flips is astronomically improbable, because there are 2^500 possible sequences and all have equally low probability. But obviously we don’t exclaim “Design!” after every 500 coin flips. The missing ingredient is the specification of the target T. Suppose I specify that T is a sequence of 250 consecutive heads followed by 250 consecutive tails. If I then sit down and proceed to flip that exact sequence, you can be virtually certain that something fishy is going on. In other words, you can reject the chance hypothesis H that the coin is fair and that I am flipping it fairly.
Dang, keith, I could have written those two paragraphs. Perhaps we are not so far apart as I imagined.
But for Dembski, H must encompass all “Darwinian and other material mechanisms” that might explain the phenomenon in question. So yes, if P(T|H) is extremely low, where T is a prespecified target, and H is defined as broadly as Dembski requires, then Barry’s challenge becomes effectively impossible. If someone finds a natural mechanism producing T with sufficiently high probability, then CSI disappears — by definition. Barry’s challenge is empty. By the definition of CSI, it cannot be met.
Keiths, read Dembski’s paper again. Read this part especially:
Probabilistic arguments are inherently fallible in the sense that our assumptions about relevant probability distributions might always be in error. Thus, it is always a possibility that {Hi}i?I omits some crucial chance hypothesis that might be operating in the world and account for the event E in question. But are we to take this possibility seriously in the absence of good evidence for the operation of such a chance hypothesis in the production of E? Indeed, the mere possibility that we might have missed some chance hypothesis is hardly reason to think that such a hypothesis was operating.
Dembski would say in the context of the coin example that my challenge is not empty unless you can demonstrate some reason to suppose there is a chance/law process was in operation that would result in a 500 coin pattern other than 500 fairly flips.Barry Arrington
November 17, 2014
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Barry Arrington The challenge does not call for “plausible [to you] scenarios. Here's a real world example. Chesil beach in England is a pebble beach 17 miles long. Over millions of years the iterative filtering action of the waves have created a very orderly sorting of the pebbles by size from fist-sized near Portland to pea-sized at West Bay. Locals can tell where they are on the beach just by observing the pebble size at their location. The beach is complex (made up of billions of parts) and has a specification (large-to-small). It also functions quite well as a beach. By pure chance the probability of the pebbles lining up by size across 17 miles is astromomical. By definition such an unlikely yet specified arrangement of pebbles has a huge CSI value yet thorough natural actions only it has happened.Adapa
November 17, 2014
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Whoops, I know see that Bob O'H already presented the sample with replacement example. And yes, Learned Hand, you have it.wd400
November 17, 2014
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By the definition of CSI, it cannot be met.
Trying to discuss CSI here has made two things clear: 1. The set of people who are confident that they know how CSI works does not overlap particularly well with the set of people who can actually have an informed conversation about it. 2. With a couple of notable exceptions the only really serious conversations about how CSI could work come from its critics. Its ardent supporters tend to treat it like an article of faith, with the inconvenient parts like P(T|H) (and in BA's case, the difference between how Orgel and Dembski defined their terms) taken aggressively off of the table.Learned Hand
November 17, 2014
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Presumably he means that each coin has an independent probability X of being heads-up, where X is 1/2 in the first generation. In each subsequent generation, X is [number of heads in previous generation]/500. No?Learned Hand
November 17, 2014
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Flip them, shake them up, draw a random binomial. You can start anywhere, it's just random with prob=0.5 is the furthers away from the specification, so, I guess, more CSI is being created during the "experiment".wd400
November 17, 2014
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WD400, Can you please explain '500 coins randomly showing heads'. What makes them 'random' to start with? Please excuse me if this is a stupid question.PeterJ
November 17, 2014
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Barry, You're still neglecting the fact that the CSI equation includes P(T|H), where H stands for all "Darwinian and material mechanisms". Suppose you have some phenomenon in mind that you think is an example of CSI. You challenge me to show how that phenomenon can be plausibly produced by a natural mechanism. If I succeed, then I have demonstrated that P(T|H) is not as low as you thought it was. And since P(T|H) is relatively high, the phenomenon, by definition, does not exhibit CSI. In other words, as soon as I succeed, the definition of CSI redefines my success as a failure. The challenge cannot be met, even in principle. It is an empty challenge.keith s
November 17, 2014
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