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At Evolution News: Early Humans Were More Sophisticated than We Thought

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Denyse O’Leary writes:

Recent findings suggest that some things we take for granted in human civilizations are much older than thought. Now, these findings are provisional but they are worth looking at.

Image credit: Neanderthal-Museum, Mettmann, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons.

Some owl stones from 5,500 and 4,750 years ago may be children’s art:

But new research suggests the palm-sized plaques decorated in geometric patterns and with two engraved circles at the top might be the work of children.

Numbering in the thousands and made from slate, the owl-like objects — previously dated the stone objects to be between 5,500 and 4,750 years old — may be “the archaeological trace of playful and learning activities carried out by youngsters,” according to the team of Spanish researchers behind the new study…

They suggest kids would have been able to easily engrave slate using pointed tools made of flint, quartz, or copper, creating ‘body’ patterns that emulate the streaked plumage of owls, and the circles for eyes are unmistakably owl-like, casting an unwavering stare straight at the observer.

The “owliness” of the designs is comparable to the drawing skills of modern school children who depict owls in much the same way. 

Now, About Cooking … 70,000 Years Ago

Neanderthals were not just downing raw hunks of meat 70,000 years ago, as many of us have assumed…

Homo Naledi Used Fire, Say Researchers

Now let’s go waaay back to Homo naledi — first unearthed in 2015 in the Rising Star cave system in South Africa. The remains of the 15 individuals date to between 335,000 and 236,000 years ago. It turns out that they may have lit fires in their caves…

Let’s just say, the Neanderthals have gotten smarter as we have gotten to know them better.

Homo Naledi Used Fire, Say Researchers

Now let’s go waaay back to Homo naledi — first unearthed in 2015 in the Rising Star cave system in South Africa. The remains of the 15 individuals date to between 335,000 and 236,000 years ago. It turns out that they may have lit fires in their caves…

One hitch is that the charred wood, bones, etc. have yet to be dated, to see if they come from the same layers as the Homo naledi fossils. But there are currently no other known groups that could have made the fires.

It’s interesting to note that the basics of human culture seem to undergo much less development than we think. The culture may appear at about the same time as the humans.

You may also wish to read: Why is Neanderthal art considered controversial? It makes sense that whenever humans started to wonder about life, we started to create art that helps us think about it. Science writer Michael Marshall reports that some researchers are accused of banning others from taking samples that would prove a Neanderthal was the artist.

Cross-posted at Mind Matters News.

Complete article at Evolution News.

Many details, even whole chapters, in the early history of humans have probably left no discernable evidence. As brought forth in the article, however, the evidence that has come to light seems to suggest that the distinction between modern and ancient humans is more external than intrinsic.

Comments
@5
Earlier humans were assumed to be less intelligent and less sophisticated because ideology required it. Truth be told, surviving at the hunter-gatherer level probably required more brains, and not less, than we need today.
Oh yes, the Victorian-era myth of "progress" and the need to legitimize colonialism and the elimination of less "advanced" peoples certainly played a role in the ideology of early humans as less cognitively sophisticated than we are. I don't know if the hunter-gather lifestyle required more intelligence than the lifestyle of WEIRD people, but it certainly didn't require less. The more we learn from archeology and anthropology, the more we know that humans have always been inquisitive, creative, often collaborative, often competitive, interested in describing and explaining themselves and the world around them, experimenting with different forms of social organization, and figuring out how to meet their biological, emotional, and socio-cultural needs and interests. The difference between a WEIRD person of the present day (or previous few hundred years) and a prehistoric hunter-gatherer is less about intelligence and more about what they use their intelligence for. If I were born 10,000 years ago, I wouldn't have my encyclopedic knowledge of philosophy, history, science, art, or politics -- but I'd have encyclopedic knowledge of which plants are safe to eat raw, and which ones need to be cooked, and which ones are always poisonous, and how to find tubers and nuts, how to trap small animals, where potable water is to be found or made, how to make a fire, how to skin an animal for clothing, and so on. I don't know if the latter skills require more intelligence than what I have, but the whole culture and ecosystem would shape the neural pathways in really different ways. (Heck, just knowing how to read really changes how the brain detects visual information!)PyrrhoManiac1
December 16, 2022
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Earlier humans were assumed to be less intelligent and less sophisticated because ideology required it. Truth be told, surviving at the hunter-gatherer level probably required more brains, and not less, than we need today.EvilSnack
December 14, 2022
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OT:
Cascading Problems: The Case of Oxygen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWkwihIk8_E Engineer Steve Laufmann discusses the cascading problems of oxygen. Laufmann is co-author of the book "Your Designed Body": https://www.YourDesignedBody.com
bornagain77
December 13, 2022
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Early Humans Were More Sophisticated Than We Thought
who is WE ?martin_r
December 13, 2022
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I don't understand why it's supposed to be surprising that Neanderthals and Homo naledi almost certainly used fire to cook their food. There's evidence of fire going back half a million years, to Homo erectus. And there are metabolic calculations suggesting that brain expansion required cooking (Catching Fire and The Human Advantage both have accessible presentations of this argument, though I have recently learned that the expensive-tissue hypothesis remains open to serious doubt.) Discovering evidence of cooking by Neanderthals and the use of fire by Homo naledi is certainly cool, but it's not a surprise. And given that Neanderthals had an average cranial volume greater than that of average Homo sapiens, what would be surprising is not that they had art, culture, and religion but if they didn't!PyrrhoManiac1
December 13, 2022
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There's probably a lot of evidence still to be dug up by archeologists about our early history. Looks like even that far back humans were capable of intelligent design. Now if we could just find signs of aliens ...Seversky
December 13, 2022
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