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Is there such a thing as morality or ethics?

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Atheist broadcaster Matt Dillahunty now challenges neurosurgeon Michael Egnor: There is no way to know whether a moral doctrine represents any reality apart from belief:

Michael Egnor: You’ve agreed with me that there are people who act out of respect for an objective moral law.

Matt Dillahunty: I agree with you there are people who act that way because of their belief and whether they believe it’s objective or not is irrelevant. They can believe it’s subjective and still do it. [01:29:30]

Michael Egnor: So, you don’t believe that it’s objectively wrong, for example, to kill innocent people, or rape babies, or exterminate the Jews?

Matt Dillahunty: Hang on. We just went through a whole bunch of stuff and when you got to a point where it was exposed that you were wrong about what you said, you went back to: I don’t think it’s objectively wrong to rape people and kill babies. That’s not what we were just discussing. We were discussing altruism and whether or not there’s a justification for it.

Michael Egnor: Yeah. But it’s what we’re discussing now, Matt. My question is, is it objectively wrong to do certain things, outside of opinions? [01:30:00]

Matt Dillahunty: I’ve already answered this and I’m sorry that you don’t understand it. I will try one more time.

When you declare what a foundation of morality is, once that’s done, you can compare the consequences of various actions with respect to that foundation, with respect to that goal. That comparison can be objective in the same way that the rules of chess are ultimately arbitrary. They didn’t have to be that way. We made up the game. It is objectively against the rules for you to move your pawn forward four spaces at the beginning of the game. Now, you can say, is it objectively wrong? Well, no, we could have house rules, but we’re talking about these rules.

News, “8. Does morality really exist? If so, does it come from God?” at Mind Matters News

C.S. Lewis (1898–1963) certainly disagreed with Dillahunty in The Abolition of Man (1943), where he talks about the Tao that forms the basis of all human morality.

Takehome: Michael Egnor insists that a moral law exists independently of varying opinions. As C.S. Lewis pointed out, that has always been the traditional view worldwide.


The debate to date:

  1. Debate: Former atheist neurosurgeon vs. former Christian activist. At Theology Unleashed, each gets a chance to state his case and interrogate the other. In a lively debate at Theology Unleashed, neurosurgeon Michael Egnor and broadcaster Matt Dillahunty clash over the existence of God.
  2. A neurosurgeon’s ten proofs for the existence of God. First, how did a medic, formerly an atheist, who cuts open people’s brains for a living, come to be sure there is irrefutable proof for God? In a lively debate at Theology Unleashed, Michael Egnor and Matt Dillahunty clash over “Does God exist?” Egnor starts off.
  3. Atheist Dillahunty spots fallacies in Christian Egnor’s views. “My position is that it’s unacceptable to believe something if the available evidence does not support it.” Dillahunty: We can’t conclusively disprove an unfalsifiable proposition. And that is what most “God” definitions, at least as far as I can tell, are.
  4. Egnor now tries to find out what Dillahunty actually knows… About philosophical arguments for the existence of God, as he begins a rebuttal. Atheist Dillahunty appears unable to recall the philosophical arguments for God’s existence, which poses a challenge for Egnor in rebutting him.
  5. Egnor, Dillahunty dispute the basic causes behind the universe. In a peppery exchange, Egnor argues that proofs of God’s existence follow the same logical structure as proofs in science. If the universe begins in a singularity (where Einstein’s equations break down), what lies behind it? Egnor challenges Dillahunty on that.
  6. Is Matt Dillahunty using science as a crutch for his atheism? That’s neurosurgeon Michael Egnor’s accusation in this third part of the debate, which features a continued discussion of singularities, where conventional “laws of nature” break down.
    If the “supernatural” means “outside of conventional nature,” Michael Egnor argues, science routinely accepts it, based on evidence.
  7. Dillahunty asks 2nd oldest question: If God exists, why evil? In the debate between Christian neurosurgeon Michael Egnor and atheist broadcaster Matt Dillahunty, the question of raping a baby was bound to arise.
    Egnor argues that there is an objective moral law against such acts; Dillahunty argues, no, it is all just human judgment.
  8. Does morality really exist? If so, does it come from God? Matt Dillahunty now challenges Michael Egnor: There is no way to know whether a moral doctrine represents any reality apart from belief. Michael Egnor insists that a moral law exists independently of varying opinions. As C.S. Lewis pointed out, that has always been the traditional view worldwide.

You may also wish to read:

Science can and does point to God’s existence. Michael Egnor: Natural science is not at all methodologically naturalist — it routinely points to causes outside of nature. If we are to understand natural effects, we must be open to all kinds of causes, including causes that transcend nature.

The Divine Hiddenness argument against God’s existence = nonsense. God in Himself is immeasurably greater than we are, and He transcends all human knowledge. A God with whom we do not struggle — who is not in some substantial and painful way hidden to us — is not God but is a mere figment of our imagination.

Atheist Claims about logical fallacies often just mean: Shut Up! In the recent debate, Matt Dillahunty accuses theists of “the fallacy of the argument from personal incredulity” because we examine his claims and find them incredible. What atheists fear most is having to explain themselves, and the invocation of fictitious “fallacies” is one of their favorite ways to evade scrutiny.

and

Theists vs. atheists: Which group has the burden of proof? Because Dillahunty refuses to debate me again, I’ll address his claim that atheists have no burden of proof in the debate over God’s existence in this post. Both atheists and theists make positive statements about the nature of the universe. If atheists shun the ensuing burden of proof, it should count against them.

Comments
Origines, delusions are inner experiences of a subject thus subjective. Successful warrant provides good reason to infer not SOLELY subjective, i.e. reliably, credibly an accurate description of states of affairs that obtain, and this is what being objective means. KF PS: I visually imagine a pink, flying elephant, that is a perception of a subject. It is accurate to say I have said perception but of course there is no such animal, it is entirely subjective as an experience. That such an experience can or does occur is a second order matter and it can be objectively true that one perceives the pink flying elephant. The act of perception being the relevant state of affairs subject to warrant. Likewise one may conceive of some mathematical theorem say 4 colour and may warrant it as true. Two different things with the act of conceiving being itself a further state of affairs. More can be unpacked but this is truly a side track. PPS: Yes, as it is manifest from objector's arguments that they cannot but appeal to first duties too. Inescapable so inescapably true and self evident so objectively warranted and objective. Truth about duty and right conduct, so, moral truth. When an objector can object without implying our duties then we can change that estimation. I am not holding my breath.kairosfocus
October 27, 2021
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This has been covered in detail elsewhere. I suggest that any questions on duties be made on those threads. Why not here: https://uncommondescent.com/laws/should-we-recognise-that-laws-of-nature-extend-to-laws-of-our-human-nature-which-would-then-frame-civil-law/ The term ”duty” or “duties” gets mentioned over a thousand times. Has Smaug been awaken?jerry
October 27, 2021
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William J Murray:
Origenes: There are only subjective statements, some right and some wrong.
Some right and some wrong when compared to what?
Compared to other statements. There are several aspects to consider, one is "completeness", as I have stated before: "A true statement takes all relevant aspects into account." To illustrate this I have offered two examples:
... someone who says “I do not exist”, doesn’t seem to be aware of (does not take into account) the fact that he must exist in order to make the statement. Similarly, as Quierius pointed out, people who have an inflated belief in their victimhood, may not take into account the suffering of others.
In essence, the yardstick I use is my vision of what true understanding entails.Origenes
October 27, 2021
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WJM, appeals to these are manifestly appeals to duties; we are free creatures, not programmed substrates or simulations, which cannot be rational. KF PS: Your attempted objection itself exemplifies how the attempt to rebut itself is unable but to appeal to said first duties. And if inescapable an inescapable, true, first principle. refusal to acknowledge on your part does not constitute failure to have shown the matter on mine, right from the outset.kairosfocus
October 27, 2021
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Origenes said:
There are only subjective statements, some right and some wrong.
Some right and some wrong when compared to what?William J Murray
October 27, 2021
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KF said:
Notice Dillahunty’s implicit, inescapable underlying appeal to duties to truth and right reason, warrant etc? That’s a clue that objectors to first duties find themselves unable to avoid appealing to what they would overthrow.
As I've already extensively demonstrated in various prior threads, KF is conflating necessary appeals to truth and reason with appeals to duties to truth and reason. To date he has refused to make a coherent logical case (or is incapable of so doing) that these "first duties" he refers to objectively exist.William J Murray
October 27, 2021
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KF I don’t know your situation but you will be in my prayers. Stay strong my brother. Vividvividbleau
October 26, 2021
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Kairosfocus, Again, my sincere best wishes and prayer for you with the assurance of an ultimately positive result at the exit of this tunnel! Kind regards, -QQuerius
October 26, 2021
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Kairosfocus
However experiences, perceptions, beliefs etc are not necessarily accurate to reality or credibly shown to be so; delusions exist, errors exist, deceptions exist, etc. Such, we all know from early childhood, this is not something novel, suspect or in the least controversial.
You keep repeating this, but I agree 100%, as I have made clear several times already. The existence of delusions is not at issue here, [delusions do exist] what is at issue is the question if it makes sense to point to "subjectivity" as their cause, suggesting that their is such a thing as objectivity.
These claims are objectively true.
No, these claims are true. It makes no sense to say "objectively true". "I exist" is true. No need to say "subjectively true" or "objectively true" —— just "true" suffices.
I have little time, energy or inclination to play out needless skeptical debate games, as I am facing a major life crisis ...
Please deal with this major life crisis. I wish you the very best.Origenes
October 26, 2021
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Origenes, all experience is enjoyed by an experience-er, i.e. a subject. However experiences, perceptions, beliefs etc are not necessarily accurate to reality or credibly shown to be so; delusions exist, errors exist, deceptions exist, etc. Such, we all know from early childhood, this is not something novel, suspect or in the least controversial. Therefore, there is a place for a disciplined application of sound reasoning to establish that certain relevant claims are so well warranted as credibly true and reliable that we have done epistemological due diligence successfully and can rightly claim to know such beyond some reasonable [but typically revisable] standard of warrant. These claims are objectively true. Of particular relevance, certain of these claims address right conduct and duty, I have listed the Ciceronian first duties. KF PS: I should note, that I have little time, energy or inclination to play out needless skeptical debate games, as I am facing a major life crisis; literally I am the last man standing from a picture of an important life event of 30 years past. Pardon, therefore, that I am expecting interlocutors to act up to a certain level of reasonable expectations on issues.kairosfocus
October 26, 2021
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Origenes @165,
Kairosfocus, I am sorry but the whole subjective objective project doesn’t make sense to me. The underlying assumption is that there are non-personal statements stemming from a non-personal viewpoint. This is simply not the case. There are only subjective statements, some right and some wrong.
Well stated and I agree regarding non-binary, non-reductionist interpretations of reality, especially since humans enjoy many dimensions. Thus, to reduce them to a single quality is dehumanizing. For example, humans are not merely economic animals. I believe objective truth exists and that we can and should apply principles of objective truth to our everyday lives, but there’s also wisdom involved. If God maintains both justice and mercy, how much more should we do so as well!
He has shown you, O mortal, what is good. And what does the Lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God. – Micah 6:8 (NIV)
This is so profound! Justice in our actions, mercy in our priorities, and humility in our relationships. -QQuerius
October 26, 2021
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Kairosfocus, to be clear, are you saying that there are two catagories of statements, namely subjective and objective, and that we can identify a statement as one or the other by ascertaining whether or not it is warranted?Origenes
October 26, 2021
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Origines, we have to be subjects to be able to know but not everything we perceive or believe is knowledge, hence warrant. KFkairosfocus
October 26, 2021
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ET: ONLY heterosexual couples can procreate. How many times do we have to go over that? You mean without medical assistance. What difference does that make? Seriously, you sound more and more homophobic everyday. Unchecked inflation. Laughing stock of the world for the handling of Afghanistan. Unchecked illegal immigration. And a PoTUS who is insane or just demented. Have you checked the US inflation rate compared to other countries? Afghanistan is rarely mentioned on the news these days. Yes people were upset but no one really wanted to stay there. Unchecked illegal immigration? Really? How many illegal immigrants do you think are coming across the Mexican border every day? (Assuming you're not worried about the Canadians.) You think Biden is insane . . . did he push his followers to the point where they tried to take over the capitol building in Washington DC? Did he threaten to put his political opponents in prison? Did he continually try and block access to his tax returns? Did he leave lots of recorded evidence that he considers women things to be taken advantage of? Did he get married three times? Did he have many businesses that failed? Trust me, America is much better thought of in the world since Biden became President. Not that you care what the rest of the world thinks. But you're the one who brought up the laughing-stock perception.JVL
October 26, 2021
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@168 Jerry:
A fuller version, articulated by Antoine Léonard Thomas, aptly captures Descartes’ intent: dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum (“I doubt, therefore I think, therefore I am”).
Many many years ago I thought that everything was doubtable. Cogito hit me like a rock. I remember how stunned I was at the time. I doubt my existence, but I must exist in order to doubt my existence. Therefore I exist.Origenes
October 26, 2021
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JVL:
Lots of heterosexual couples are unable to procreate.
ONLY heterosexual couples can procreate. How many times do we have to go over that?
Just a bit paranoid are we?
Just a bit stupid and ignorant are you?
And what price is that pray tell?
Unchecked inflation. Laughing stock of the world for the handling of Afghanistan. Unchecked illegal immigration. And a PoTUS who is insane or just demented.ET
October 26, 2021
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We all have opinions. Some claim my opinions are just as good as yours. But in truth some opinion are more justified than others. That the sun will rise tomorrow is more justified than a week from Tuesday will be sunny. That there is a creator is more justified than there is no creator. There is evidence and logic for that. That there is a creator is more justified than the creator is the Judeo/Christian God. It’s all relative. Maybe better than objective/subjective is more justified vs less justified. Then there is the premise that it is meant to be this way. Always some uncertainty, often a lot of uncertainty and almost never that something is absolute certainty. For the latter some have questioned “Cogito, ergo sum.”
A fuller version, articulated by Antoine Léonard Thomas, aptly captures Descartes' intent: dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum ("I doubt, therefore I think, therefore I am").The dictum is also sometimes referred to as the cogito
jerry
October 26, 2021
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@166 Kairosfocus
... it is about warrant vs proneness to error.
"I exist", as you have pointed out many times in the past, is a self-evident truth. IOWs the statement has no warrant issues whatsoever. However, according to the dictionary you cited, we are dealing with the ne plus ultra of subjective statements. So, please explain to me how this whole subjective vs objective concept is about warrant vs proness to error?Origenes
October 26, 2021
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Origenes, no, it is about warrant vs proneness to error. No serious person denies individuality and conscious experience. KFkairosfocus
October 26, 2021
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Kairosfocus, I am sorry but the whole subjective objective project doesn't make sense to me. The underlying assumption is that there are non-personal statements stemming from a non-personal viewpoint. This is simply not the case. There are only subjective statements, some right and some wrong. And IMHO right and wrong has to do with 'awareness', completeness and coherence, as opposed to some meassurement of 'objectivity'. For instance someone who says "I do not exist", doesn't seem to be aware of (does not take into account) the fact that he must exist in order to make the statement. Similarly, as Quierius pointed out, people who have an inflated belief in their victimhood, may not take into account the suffering of others. A true statement takes all relevant aspects into account.Origenes
October 26, 2021
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Origines, take it as suggesting proneness to error so steps need to be taken to provide credible warrant. Where, it is easily seen starting from big red X's in early school days, that error proneness is objectively so. BTW, that is why I used green ink when I was a teacher! KFkairosfocus
October 26, 2021
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@ 158 —Q I would like to make sure that I understand the difference between objective and subjective statements. Some questions for you.
Q: Yet our awareness is similarly tainted.
Is your statement above objective or subjective? Are all subjective statements tainted? Is "I exist" a tainted statement? If so, what does that mean?Origenes
October 26, 2021
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The point is that both subjectivity and objectivity are logical. It can be discovered how they function, by looking at the logic used with opinions and facts in common discourse. Then you obtain the correct defintion of them. And the correct definitions are the creationist definitions, and all other definitions are wrong. A subjective opinion is chosen, and expresses what it is that makes a choice. An objective fact is a 1 to 1 corresponding model of a creation in the mind, forced by the evidence of it. That way explaining the underlying logic in statements of opinion, like saying a painting is beautiful, and statements of fact, like saying there is a camel out the back.mohammadnursyamsu
October 26, 2021
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Q: why do so many feel free to assault the first principles of civliisation and thought nowadays, without embarrassment? What does this say about where we are? KF PS: I again cite St Paul:
Eph 4: 17 Now this I say and testify in the Lord, that you must no longer walk as the Gentiles do, in the futility of their minds. 18 They are darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, due to their hardness of heart. 19 They have become callous and have given themselves up to sensuality, greedy to practice every kind of impurity. 20 But that is not the way you learned Christ!— 21 assuming that you have heard about him and were taught in him, as the truth is in Jesus, 22 to put off your old self,6 which belongs to your former manner of life and is corrupt through deceitful desires, 23 and to be renewed in the spirit of your minds, 24 and to put on the new self, created after the likeness of God in true righteousness and holiness. 25 Therefore, having put away falsehood, let each one of you speak the truth with his neighbor . . . [ESV]
kairosfocus
October 26, 2021
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F/N: I see MNY is now reduced to trying to suggest AmHD is an arbitrary dictionary. That speaks volumes, reference grade dictionaries are based on tracking informed usage of terms, and here, what it means to be subjective is summarised. Similarly, the reference to the self-moved agent who is a first cause is from Plato in The laws Bk X, where he goes on to identify this with life and soul. These are anything but arbitrary usages, and serve to correct idiosyncratic arguments. KF PS: As for objective, here is the surprisingly good Collins English Dictionary:
adj 1. (Philosophy) existing independently of perception or an individual's conceptions: are there objective moral values?. 2. undistorted by emotion or personal bias 3. of or relating to actual and external phenomena as opposed to thoughts, feelings, etc 4. (Medicine) med (of disease symptoms) perceptible to persons other than the individual affected
The point is, for matters of right conduct and duty, truth, knowledge, prudence, justice etc, we are known to be finite, fallible [= prone to error], morally struggling, too often ill-willed and stubborn, etc. Therefore, in all prudence, we need to identify key first principles or truths, that are reliably warranted and so are known to be true. Truths about right conduct and duty, i.e. morality, are clearly involved here. KFkairosfocus
October 25, 2021
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Q, actually, the first principles of right reason are "in de list," and both were and are controversial for many indoctrinated in relativistic thinking. Distinct identity and its corollaries, non-contradiction and excluded middle. I have often enough put up Epictetus on the inescapability of core logic, thus its branch we all sit on character:
DISCOURSES CHAPTER XXV How is logic necessary? When someone in [Epictetus'] audience said, Convince me that logic is necessary, he answered: Do you wish me to demonstrate this to you?—Yes.—Well, then, must I use a demonstrative argument?—And when the questioner had agreed to that, Epictetus asked him. How, then, will you know if I impose upon you?—As the man had no answer to give, Epictetus said: Do you see how you yourself admit that all this instruction is necessary, if, without it, you cannot so much as know whether it is necessary or not? [Notice, inescapable, thus self evidently true and antecedent to the inferential reasoning that provides deductive proofs and frameworks, including axiomatic systems and propositional calculus etc. Cf J. C. Wright]
Then, there is St Paul, to devastating effect:
1 Cor 14: 7 If even lifeless instruments, such as the flute or the harp, do not give distinct notes, how will anyone know what is played? 8 And if the bugle gives an indistinct sound, who will get ready for battle? 9 So with yourselves, if with your tongue you utter speech that is not intelligible, how will anyone know what is said? For you will be speaking into the air. 10 There are doubtless many different languages in the world, and none is without meaning, 11 but if I do not know the meaning of the language, I will be a foreigner to the speaker and the speaker a foreigner to me. [ESV]
If someone want to appeal to quantum state superposition etc to dismiss this, I suggest the objector looks at the weak argument corrective no 38. We are looking at a general assault on basic responsible reason, prudence, truth, warranted but inconvenient knowledge, fair play and justice, not to mention beauty. KFkairosfocus
October 25, 2021
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Origenes @157,
The only way out of darkness is by increasing one’s awareness.
Yet our awareness is similarly tainted. We need something external to ourselves. Let me suggest the ministry of the Holy Spirit, who convicts us of our wrongdoing and leads us to the light of truth. -QQuerius
October 25, 2021
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Querius:
Then, the result of that collision might be manifested as a belief in their victimhood, their imagined genius, self importance, anger at God, or some other psychological pathology.
But then again there is no escape from personhood. Not one of us can transcend his personhood, his subjectivity, and reach a state of mind from which he can have "objective" experiences and make "objective" statements. The only way out of darkness is by increasing one's awareness.Origenes
October 25, 2021
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Origenes @155,
. . . since subjective statements, as Kairosfocus lays out, are considered to be less trustworthy in comparison to objective statements. Subjectivity is “prone to errors” and what not.
Yes, especially when a person's fantasies crash into reality. Even then, our perceptions are highly dependent on personal context. Then, the result of that collision might be manifested as a belief in their victimhood, their imagined genius, self importance, anger at God, or some other psychological pathology. I'm reminded of some of the characters in C.S. Lewis's book, The Great Divorce. Of course they all thought they were right and suffered unjustly. -QQuerius
October 25, 2021
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@151 KF Two questions:
1 –> the issue at stake is the credible existence of objective, so, well warranted, moral truths, where it is noted that our individual and group perceptions are prone to errors.
Is, for the same reasons, the existence of “objective logical truths” equally credible?
sub·jec·tive (s?b-j?k?t?v) adj. 1. a. Dependent on or taking place in a person’s mind rather than the external world (...)
If subjective means “dependent on or taking place in a person’s mind rather than the external world”, then clearly “I exist” and “I think therefore I exist” are (highly) subjective statements. Which is noteworthy, since subjective statements, as Kairosfocus lays out, are considered to be less trustworthy in comparison to objective statements. Subjectivity is “prone to errors” and what not.Origenes
October 25, 2021
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