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Musings on the Creative Impulse

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Yesterday a friend and I rode our bikes up to the top of Vail Pass, and when we got back down we stopped in Breckenridge for lunch.  After lunch we decided to walk around Breckenridge for a while, and we soon found ourselves in a wonderful little art gallery on Main Street.  One large bronze in particular caught my attention.  It was a comic piece of a bear standing beside a tree looking at a squirrel on a branch even with the bear’s face.  The squirrel was holding out an acorn as if he were offering it to the bear in exchange for not eating him.   I loved it.  As I looked at the piece the word “whimsy” came to mind.  I inquired about the price and learned it could be mine for only $32,000.  That’s a wee bit [read, “a lot”] out of my price range, so I decided to let them keep their bear and squirrel.

What has this got to do with the topics discussed on this blog?  Just this.  As we left the art gallery my friend and I were discussing the impulse to create art.  Think about it.  One can’t eat art or wear it or put it over one’s head to keep the rain out.  It has no practical use.  As far as I can see it gives no survival advantage.  So why is the impulse to create art universal?  To the theist (especially those operating in the Judeo-Christian tradition), the answer to this question is easy.  We are created imago dei, in the image of God, and our creative impulse is a faint echo of God’s.

 But on what possible grounds can the materialist explain the artistic (or more broadly, the “creative”) impulse?  I puzzled and puzzled about this and drew a blank.  Since art has no practical value and does not confer a selection advantage, how does the Darwinist explain the fact that every normal person has at least some urge to create?  Does the Darwinist have an explanation for this that does not sound like a post hoc “just so story?”  I would be interested to know what our materialist friends who visit this blog have to say.

Comments
Art has pupose: Communication. No different than writing.bill Me
August 26, 2007
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We are created imago dei, in the image of God, and our creative impulse is a faint echo of God’s. The materialist answer is simple enough - humans created the image of God. Are there any descriptions of God that weren't recorded by humans? Dyed in the wool materialists may be blind to design but they still have a valid point about revealed religion. The point of my post is that from a materialist perspective art seems to be utterly frivolous and without value. Perhaps it's something like the tail feathers on a peacock. Females of many species seem to be attracted to gaudy pointless displays made by males. DaveScot
August 26, 2007
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Creativity and amusement are not unique to humans, so the problem Barry A alludes to applies to other living creatures as well. Though I certainly believe humans are unique, I won't be so quick to say that animals do not reflect humanity. And even a Lamb might tell us something of the Intelligent Designer. So let us not be too hasty to think lowly of animals. The Intelligent Designer might wish to reveal something of his personhood in other living creatures. Here is an slight expression of play (which is related to art):
The spectacle of animals at play is a puzzling one from the point of view of natural selection. Imagine two young cheetahs frolicking about in the grass of the savannah, not far from a herd of Thomson’s gazelles. They’re running, tumbling, feinting, frowling–expressing a joy of movement that is totally infectious. But they are taking enormous risks. Lions are constantly on the lookout for young cheetahs, which they ruthlessly destroy. And these two have just scattered the gazelles, one of whom their mother was carefully stalking, anticipating a meal that she badly needed because of the demands of feeding her two rapidly growing dependents. What is the point of this play that apparently reduces the cheetah’s chances of survival? They would do much better to carefully copy their mother in stalking, chasing, and catching prey, directing their energies and activities to something useful that increases their chances of survival, which for cheetahs is none too good to being with. But we see this type of behavior throughout the higher animal kingdom. A troop of monkeys is a familiar example. The amount of energy used by the young in chasing, climbing, leaping, frolicking, and general high jinks is so infectious that you want to join them…. It is in play that we see the richest, most varied, and unpredictable set of motions of wich an animal is capable. Compared with most goal-directed behavior, which tends to have strong elements of repetition that give it a somewhat stereotyped, even mechanical, quality, play is extraordinarly fluid. Brian Goodwin
And I really hope the significance of this gem is not forgotten: Legitimizing a Thoughtful Form of Anthropomorphism
humans as microcosms reflecting in miniature the truth of the macrocosm.
scordova
August 26, 2007
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Now those solid factual dates for our evolution from East Africa have been pushed back by a mere 100%, perhaps we could speculate that our ancestors had a lot of extra time to waste, thus developed artistic abilities. All those millions of generations whose fossils have strangely not been found must have done something in their spare time.Robo
August 26, 2007
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I, for one, am willing to give y-guy the benefit of the doubt. Unless I see evidence to the contrary, I will assume his wife selected him for his evident virility and ability to provide for her ;-) "human creativity came about when all the separate sections of the human brain which deal with different processes, like perception, tool making and so on, became integrated" I have seen cooption used to try to explain physical properties such as the bacterial flagellum, but this is the first time I’ve seen it used in an attempt to explain a non-material phenomenon. As those guys in the Guinness beer commercial say, “Brilliant!” BarryA
August 26, 2007
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On a urge to create, Why oh Why Lord, Why oh Why is it a tear I cry, While beholding awesome wonders filling the sky? Is it as the Godless naysayers say.. An evolutionary reaction to the bright light of day? Is it of no meaning as the blind sages insist.. Only a quirk of fate that may make my survival best fit? Oh but NO! Their fairy tales I shan't believe, For only of timeless beauty does this tear dare be! Yes! And I will bless this tear from your deep well of love, Spring forth when I glimpse your wonders above. For this tear is most genuine indeed, No meaningless quirk is in this tears creed! For 'Tis a tear crying for the beauty that I see, Tis a tear crying for the glory that shall be! Tis a tear crying for the lost sages soul, Tis a tear crying for we are not yet made whole, Tis a tear crying for the sorrow we endure, Tis a tear crying for the coming joy that is sure, Tis a tear crying for these and many more than I can say, For, "Tis a tear crying for the untold beauty of your perfect day!bornagain77
August 26, 2007
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It's a good question, BarryA. I'm not a materialist, but here's the answer I've seen given by a pair of archaeologists in their book, The Mind in the Cave . They considered, like Steve Mithen, one of the archaeologists at the University of Reading in Britain, that human creativity came about when all the separate sections of the human brain which deal with different processes, like perception, tool making and so on, became integrated. For the authors of The Mind in the Cave , this process was linked with the development of shamanic art in the Old Stone Age. They consider that humanity is unique in that humans remember their dreams, and palaeolithic art was produced by shamans during hallucinatory states of consciousness. Thus the rise of human symbolic culture, art, and religion were linked. For these archaeologists, Neanderthals, unlike modern humans, were naturally atheists due to their biological lack of imagination. Clearly there are problems with this analysis, as Neanderthal remains have been found in Syria which suggest that they were burying their dead with some reverence and expectation of something like an afterlife, and Neanderthal jewellery has also been found, though this was supposedly copied by the Neanderthals from Homo Sapiens Sapiens. Even if this neurological account were true - and this can be contested because of the authors explicit assumption that brain = mind, it does not explain how the potential for art was selected for in the first place. Moreover, Professor Anthony O'Hear of Bradford University in Britain has argued in his book Beyond Evolution: Human Nature and the Limits of Evolutionary Explanation that the idea of beauty is itself irreducible to explanations based on evolutionary psychology. As for artistic types being supposedly more attractive to women, that's possible at the level of raw material productivity. The remains of far more flint arrowheads and tools have been found at some sites than the hunters who made them would ever have needed, and the suggestion has been made that this indicates that the activity was partly done to advertise to women than the hunter was a virile, skilled workman who could provide for them. With respect to the artists out there, I'm not sure creative people are any better or gentler than other folk. You consider Caravaggio - he spent part of his career on the run for murder! Brilliant artist, though.Beast Rabban
August 26, 2007
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Minor correction: Dawkins and Ward met at a birthday party for Douglas Adams.Carl Sachs
August 26, 2007
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I’m not sure I agree. The Darwinist frequently give supposed advantages conferred by the religious impulse (creation of community; support for altruism, etc.). Art is different I think
You are correct, my extrapolation has its problems.
I am truly interested in hearing from our materialist friends on why this is not the case.
I was merely trying to help get the materialists started on posting their thoughts. I hope they speak their mind. As I welcome what they have to say on the matter. Although, like you, I suspect we won't hear much.scordova
August 26, 2007
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Sal writes "Dennett cites evidence that natural selection selects for religious impulse. It’s not hard to see this applies by way of extension to creative impulses." I'm not sure I agree. The Darwinist frequently give supposed advantages conferred by the religious impulse (creation of community; support for altruism, etc.). Art is different I think. The point of my post is that from a materialist perspective art seems to be utterly frivolous and without value. My taunting above to the contrary notwithstanding, I am truly interested in hearing from our materialist friends on why this is not the case. BarryA
August 26, 2007
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Sal, what selective advantage does Dennett say the creative impulse confers?
None, he merely gives the standard circularly reasoned evolutionary line: 1. the trait is abundant 2. if the trait is abundant, therefore natural selection evolved it To be fair, I was paraphrasing Dennett very loosely as Dennett wrote a book Breaking the Spell where Dennett cites evidence that natural selection selects for religious impulse. It's not hard to see this applies by way of extension to creative impulses. David Sloan Wilson articulates the case for religious impulses even better in his criticism of Dawkins Review of Dawkins by Sloan. [again these studies could be extrapolated to creative impulses] Not that I agree with Dennett or Wilson one iota, but they did a good job of trashing Dawkins at his own game. I'm sure if one ponders the various Darwinist positions carefully one will see how each Darwinist finds fatal flaws in another Darwinist's position. I just haven't bothered investing my time in trying to find these fatal contradictions as the speculations are so off base I didn't want to waste time on them. David Sloan Wilson however did have devastating evidence against the supposed harm religion inflicts on society. His empirical research overturned Dawkins pretty convincingly. Yes the materialist positions are lame, but I haven't quite come to the point that I have a nice tidy argument to push their suppositions beyond the realm of reasonable doubt. I don't believe them one iota, but it would be nice to really put the stake in the heart of their claims, preferably demonstrating their ideas are self-defeating. But some days, I think it's just not worth the bother. It's like beating a dead horse.scordova
August 26, 2007
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shaner74, problem is, the "God" thing does not really go away even in the most ardent materialist: Here's Saint Charles himself: “For myself, also, I rejoice profoundly; for, thinking of so many cases of men pursuing an illusion for years, often and often a cold shudder has run through me, and I have asked myself whether I may not have devoted my life to a phantasy.” Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell, November 23, 1859BarryA
August 26, 2007
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"But on what possible grounds can the materialist explain the artistic (or more broadly, the “creative”) impulse? " I don't think the attraction to materialism has anything to do with actually explaining the "big" questions. Its explanatory power seems to be the imaginations of the ones making up all these "just-so" stories. As we have seen, reality is quickly done away with when it conflicts with materialism (um...m-theory anyone?) But materialism is a nice way of living day to day without that troublesome "God" thing bothering your thoughts.shaner74
August 26, 2007
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Sal, what selective advantage does Dennett say the creative impulse confers?BarryA
August 26, 2007
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bork, building on the fact that y-guy attracted a mate, try this one on: Artists are perceptive, gentle and kind and they appreciate beauty. Chicks dig that; therefore artists have an advantage in attracting mates and passing on their genes to the next generation.BarryA
August 26, 2007
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I would be interested to know what our materialist friends who visit this blog have to say.
Since Richard Dawkins doesn't post to this website, I'll glady speak on his behalf :-) There is an ongoing debate between Dawkins and Dennett whether such impulses are: 1. Selected by natural selection 2. An undesirable by product of natural seleciton (like Sickle Cell Anemia) Dennett adopts viewpoint #1, and Dawkins viewpoint #2. To Richard Dawkins, these sorts of things are like the instinct moths have to fly into a flame. The bad instinct is there, but natural selection hasn't weeded it out because that feature (the instinct to fly into flame) is expressed in other activities which make it selectively advantageous. Dennett argues that such impulses confers direct benefit, and Dawkins argues it confers indirect benefit. And speaking of Artistic impulse, Dawkins (Mr. Truth and Facts only), while watching a fictional tale on TV, fell in love with the actress of that fictional tale and married her, Lala Ward, the Dr. Who Babe. Even Dawkins had to cave in to an artistic impulse that had no utility, like a moth flying into flames. The double standard he applies to himself is quite charming. Yet everything about his own life suggests he craves for beautiful things that can't be explained in the world of Darwin.scordova
August 26, 2007
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Oh, we can fit a "just-so" story in here. Those who see the beauty in life are more willing to fight to stay alive, thus making it advantageous to be artistic. They have a higher form of appreciation. LOL.bork
August 26, 2007
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As a life-long creative professional I can attest to the fact that artistic abilities confer no survival advantage on an individual whatsoever. Just ask my wife. In a hardcore materialist universe I think the ‘business/serial killer gene’ would do nicely, followed closely by the full spectrum of widely inherited, albeit inappropriate, kissing traits associated with climbing the corporate ladder fast on the tail of one’s immediate superior. Explaining the rise of human creativity in general, and the arts in particular, will present a formidable challenge to anyone hawking the ‘life = dirt + water’ view of the universe.y-guy
August 26, 2007
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