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The Argument from Evil is Absurd

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Jerry and I are having a constructive exchange on the problem of evil.  My argument starts when Jerry asks me to define “good.”

Jerry, the issue is not how one would define “good” in any particular situation.  The issue is whether it is possible to define good in a way that is not grounded in subjective preferences.  The only way to do that is if there is some objective standard of good.  Such an objective standard would necessarily stand over and above all men’s subjective preferences.  The character of God is advanced as the source of that objective standard. 

The argument goes like this:

The good is that which is consistent with the objective transcendent standard grounded in the character of God.

Evil is the privation of the good.

Evil exists. 

Therefore, the good, of which evil is the privation, also exists.

Therefore, an objective transcendent standard grounded in the character of God exists.

Therefore, God exists. 

Thus, as Vivid has noted, the existence of evil – if the word “evil” means anything other than “that which I do not subjectively prefer” — is powerful evidence for the existence of God.

This all boils down this: Objective evil exists only if objective good exists. Objective good exits only if God exists. Objective evil exists. Therefore, God exists.

Now this does not necessarily mean that evil in the objective sense (i.e., the privation of the transcendent standard grounded in God’s character) exists.  It may be that “evil” means nothing except “that which I do not subjectively prefer.”  And if evil in the objective sense does not exist, the argument for the existence of God from the existence of evil (which implies the existence of objective good) never gets off the ground.

BUT, the atheist argument from evil never gets off the ground either. This should be plain from the my other post to which you have already alluded. 

If you use your definition and not use the word evil but the phrase,. “privation of the good” then you will end up with nonsensical arguments.

False.  One may agree or disagree with the argument I set forth above.  It is not nonsensical. 

But they [i.e., atheists] think their version of evil does exists and will point to examples.

It is certainly correct that all sane people, including atheists, understand that evil exists.  That is why I am constantly saying that no sane person lives their life as if materialism is true. 

So the standoff is to use logic to show that their definition is meaningless in the context of what the Christian God promise. That is what I am doing.

The challenge is to show that the atheist’s definition of evil is incoherent in any context.  And I have done that in the prior post.

I doubt your definition, which come from Augustine, will win many converts because it does not sync with the typical atheist’s use of the term. 

I advance arguments.  The arguments stand or fall based on whether they are grounded in logic and evidence.  A sound argument is sound regardless of whether it results in “converts.” 

Yes, my definition of evil does not sync with the typical atheist’s use of the term.  My project is to point out that when the typical atheist uses the term, they invariably do so in a way that is incoherent.  By this I mean that they invariably argue that God, if he exists, has “done evil thing X” or “allowed evil thing X to happen,” and since God would not do that, God does not exist.  The problem is that for the argument to work, “evil thing X” must actually be objectively evil.  And for the atheist “evil thing X” means “that which the atheist does not subjectively prefer.”  And it is incoherent to argue “God does not exist because he does not arrange affairs in a way I subjectively prefer.” 

The theodicy argument breaks down because [atheist’s] version of evil is meaningless.

If by the “theodicy argument” you mean “the argument from evil,” we agree.

 But I doubt atheists would accept your definition of evil.

Of course, their premises preclude them from accepting my definition.

So how can you claim that their argument is incoherent based on it.

Perhaps “incoherent” is the wrong word.  Absurd is probably better.  To argue that God does not exist on the ground that he does not arrange affairs in a way I subjectively prefer is not incoherent.  All one has to do is advance the following syllogism:

Major Premise:  If God exists, he would prevent evil (defined as “that which I do not subjectively prefer) from happening.

Minor Premise: Things that I do not subjectively prefer happen all the time.

Conclusion:  Therefore, God does not exist.

The argument is not incoherent.  Rather, it is based on an absurd major premise. 

Do you have evidence that atheists use your definition?

You raise an interesting point.  When they argue from the problem of evil, atheists implicitly use my (i.e., Augustine’s) definition of evil.  Otherwise, as anyone who thinks about it for two seconds can see, the argument is absurd (see the absurd syllogism above).  What does this mean?  It means that atheists cannot adhere consistently to their own premises.  And that is not surprising (no sane person . . .).  Instead, as is often the case, they reject the existence of objective evil while smuggling that very thing in through the back door when they argue from the “problem of evil.”

Comments
the only thing that is eternal
I suggest you look up the common usage of the term, “eternal.” There’s eternal bliss and eternal damnation. And a lot of other common usages. All taught in Christianity.jerry
April 7, 2020
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Jerry “The only reason I assign the word “evil” to my definition is because it is eternal.” I don’t know what to make of this, the only thing that is eternal ( no beginning ,no end, etc) is God ,so evil exists in God? Somehow I don’t think that’s what you mean. Vividvividbleau
April 7, 2020
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Did you miss my post #7
I saw it but didn't know exactly what you meant by it. Since I only believe there is one evil for humans and that is eternal separation from God, that obviously existed as a possibility before the Fall and after the Fall. So I am not sure what the timing of the Fall had to do with it. I don't know what I was supposed to say other than what I just did. So evil in my definition of it, is a possibility for every person that ever existed and will exist. The Fall has no relevance to it existing as a possibility. I am aware that some say the only reason we have natural disasters or anything naturally bad is because of the Fall. The only reason I assign the word "evil" to my definition is because it is eternal. We have a tendency to use the same word, "evil", for numerous situations and then assume we are discussing the same thing. But we are not and that is the main problem with the word. It is why I ask people to not use it and then use the definition one has in mind to express the same idea. I often use the phrase, "unpleasant events." If everyone here was asked not to use the word "evil" but some equivalent word or phrase in its place, then maybe we could be on common ground. So I look at "lack of the good" or something like it to be a start but then I would ask for the replacement of "good" with its definition since I can find a lot of ways this term is used. The objective is to reduce ambiguity. That way we could all be on the same page. But we are not. We are just talking past each other with our own definitions kept safely in our heads as we conflate very different concepts with the same word.jerry
April 7, 2020
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TF Thanks for asking. She is getting better but it comes and goes, she feels good for a few hours then not so good. Last week was rough chills, fever, body feeling like it’s on fire, Severe nausea, really bad headaches, etc. What is so puzzling is that her Covid test came back negative and her common flu test came back negative, we are all trying to figure out what the heck she has. Vividvividbleau
April 7, 2020
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@29 Vividbleau: Blank space + two points followed by end parenthesis. How is your daughter-in-law doing?Truthfreedom
April 7, 2020
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Jerry, Did you miss my post #7 or was it just not worthy of your response? ( don’t know how to do the smiley face thingy) Vividvividbleau
April 7, 2020
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@27 Bornagain77: Thank you for the data. The competition is really fierce.
Murder Begins in the Heart. Matthew 5:21-22
Right now is: murder begins in the brain neurochemicals (and it's an illusion ). We owe so much to the barnacle collector and his followers.Truthfreedom
April 7, 2020
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TF,
BobRyan: "Stalin was the biggest mass murderer in history." Truthfreedom: "True."
Actually, this researcher claims that "Mao beat out Stalin" in monstrous evil.
Chairman MAO: Genocide Master (Black Book of Communism) “…Many scholars and commentators have referenced my total of 174,000,000 for the democide (genocide and mass murder) of the last century. I’m now trying to get word out that I’ve had to make a major revision in my total due to two books. I’m now convinced that Stalin exceeded Hitler in monstrous evil, and Mao beat out Stalin….” http://wadias.in/site/arzan/blog/chairman-mao-genocide-master/
Moreover, although it took them far longer, a case can be made that Muslims, via their continual 'holy' jihad against non-believers, exceeded even these atheistic tyrants in terms of monstrous evil:
Tears of Jihad - Mar 3 2008 | by Bill Warner Excerpt:,,,120 million Africans,,, ,,,60 million Christians,,, ,,,80 million Hindus,,, ,,,10 million Buddhists,,, This gives a rough estimate of 270 million killed by jihad (since Islam was founded). https://www.politicalislam.com/tears-of-jihad/
Verse
Matthew 5:21-22 Murder Begins in the Heart 21 “You have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not murder, and whoever murders will be in danger of the judgment.’ 22 But I say to you that whoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment. And whoever says to his brother, ‘Raca!’ shall be in danger of the council. But whoever says, ‘You fool!’ shall be in danger of hell fire. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+5%3A21-22
bornagain77
April 7, 2020
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@9 Barry Arrington: Excellent post.
Note that I did not have to conclude that any particular thing is good or evil to make this work. The argument works if objective evil exists, whatever particular thing one considers to be objective evil.
(Emphasis added). Atheists focus on how evil is instantiated and overlook the fact that it exists. (Ontology vs epistemology). And hence all the conundrum.Truthfreedom
April 7, 2020
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@20 BobRyan:
Stalin was the biggest mass murderer in history.
True.Truthfreedom
April 7, 2020
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Again, you do not understand the argument.
Agreed! But just as an exercise why don’t you provide some examples of evil.jerry
April 7, 2020
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Jerry,
I do not agree that your argument works because I don’t believe you have shown that evil exists.
You do not understand my argument if you think it depends on showing that evil exists.
You seem to be saying that there are no examples of evil in this world only that it somehow exists?
I said nothing remotely like this. Again, you do not understand the argument.Barry Arrington
April 7, 2020
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Note that I did not have to conclude that any particular thing is good or evil to make this work. The argument works if objective evil exists
Two things: First - I do not agree that your argument works because I don't believe you have shown that evil exists. I doubt you could find a school child who would understand it. I am more interested in adults who can understand it. Second - You seem to be saying that there are no examples of evil in this world only that it somehow exists? For a term that is used a lot it is strange that there are no examples. First time I ever encountered that observation in my life time.jerry
April 7, 2020
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Those who believe there are no moral absolutes must believe there is no free will. If there is no free will, there should be no laws. Without free will, no one can be held accountable for anything. They are just doing what their brains have been programmed to do.BobRyan
April 7, 2020
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Socialists live in a world of contradictions. They view themselves as morally superior to those who are less enlightened. They are the ones who want to decide what is right and what is wrong. They want to use government to force people to submit through any means necessary. They see people as nothing more than animals in need of control. Japan and Germany had high ranking people put on trial for committing war crimes, but ignored the same actions taken by the Soviet Army. Stalin was a socialist and they want to give him a free pass. They go so far as to limit just how many people he murdered. Stalin was the biggest mass murderer in history.BobRyan
April 6, 2020
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BA, the basic challenge is that we are at first principles which are mutually entangled. It's like looking at facets of a jewel, the whole is in the part and the part in the whole. From rational freedom and first duties, we see that moral government is embedded in reality from its roots up. In that context, such can only be grounded in the inherently good, utterly wise. As we explore onward, we see that we need necessary, maximally great being, which embraces all that is great-making and nought that is not. God is not a trickster or capricious, etc. In that context we gradually understand his goodness as stemming from and bound up in his pure, maximal love that cherishes and opens up a world in which there are creatures who albeit finite, can love and so are free. Perfect maximal love working out in thought, word, deed is the heart of goodness and as we appropriately respond and reflect such, goodness flows from us too. In that context evil stems from self-centred abuse of freedom and frustrates, perverts, despoils, wrecks what is from its proper end. Which is the heart of evil. Which also will be fundamentally incoherent. KFkairosfocus
April 6, 2020
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Barry Arrington @ 17, Yes, and Philippians 3:10-11, which you cited:
... that I may know him and the power of his resurrection, and may share his sufferings, becoming like him in his death, that if possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead.
sound a lot like Romans 8:16-17:
... it is the Spirit himself bearing witness with our spirit that we are children of God, and if children, then heirs, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, provided we suffer with him in order that we may also be glorified with him.
Both make willingness to share in Christ's sufferings quite necessary in order to "attain the resurrection" and to be "glorified with him."harry
April 6, 2020
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Harry,
He expects us to share the burden of carrying the cross with His Son
"I want to know Christ and the fellowship of sharing in his sufferings," Paul also said.Barry Arrington
April 6, 2020
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Jerry,
How do you know . . .
Again with approaching the question from epistemology. If you are unwilling to consider the ontology of evil, you will never understand the argument.
It seems you are saying evil exists because God or Good exists. But that is an assumption.
You are getting closer, but you are not quite there. I am saying that IF objective evil exists, then God exists. That is not an assumption. It is a deduction.
the average person desperately wants to use the word “evil.”
Of course they do. Because every sane person knows that objective evil does exist. And that is why our atheist interlocutors twist themselves into such knots when they try to deny it.
I prefer to steer clear of concepts such as ontological and epistemological. I believe the logic is much simpler.
My argument from the ontology of objective evil is quite simple. A bright child can understand it. Barry Arrington
April 6, 2020
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Barry, You said:
Objective evil exists
How do you know that evil exists? I certainly do not know that for sure. I maintain that it doesn't exist unless there is a God who has provided the opportunity of an eternal union with Him and somehow that union is denied. Then that is the only evil that exists in our creation. But that assumes the Judeo Christian God exists which I believe and think probable but it certainly isn't absolute. If it were absolutely clear then there would be no atheists. But if there is no God, the concept of evil in anyway makes no sense. And if the Judeo Christian God exists, then the eternal deprivation from Him is the only evil that exists. Whether God exists or not, the average person will say unwanted events happen. That's life. This person will then call some of these unwanted events evil. But that is arbitrary. And we have the conflation of different definitions into the one word which makes the discussion incoherent. But that is not what you are talking about. It seems you are saying evil exists because God or Good exists. But that is an assumption. What I am doing is not proving there is a God. That is not my objective. What I am doing is proving that the existence of unwanted events or what the average person calls evil is not a proof there is no God. I prefer to steer clear of concepts such as ontological and epistemological. I believe the logic is much simpler. Given all that, the average person desperately wants to use the word "evil." Just look at the comments on these two OP's and past OP's that discussed evil. It is so ingrained in us to think of the world this way. So I don't expect many will stop using the term.jerry
April 6, 2020
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Evil is our doing. Evil is our responsibility. We are judged by how we deal with it. That's just the way it is.ET
April 6, 2020
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Old arguments of course, and all off-base: >Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Perhaps willing and able, but not ready to put a stop to it yet, for reasons we are not fully privy to. >Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Able? Yes. But unwilling to do it right now and to our satisfaction does not make him malevolent. And the remaining questions become superfluous.EDTA
April 6, 2020
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Fast Yes people give little thought to the “how “God could prevent the evil actions of moral agents, I doubt they would not like it very much. Vividvividbleau
April 6, 2020
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Barry Arrington @ 9, That was an excellent post. From a Christian perspective evil and suffering can be understood, I think, by way of the following story: A father of a big family had to leave the care of his family to his eldest son since he had no choice but to be away for a couple of years. The father knew that things were going to become very difficult while he was gone. He asked the eldest son to do whatever it took to care for his younger siblings, and warned him in advance that doing so would entail much suffering on his part. And so it happened. Years later the eldest son's younger siblings find out about those two years; they realized that they had been shielded from all distress and had been oblivious to what their elder brother had suffered for their sakes. They were upset with their father. They said to him "Why didn't you tell us what was going on? We would have helped out! Why did you think so little of us?" Christians who experience evil and suffering must realize that our Heavenly Father, unlike the one in the story, thinks very highly of us. He expects us to share the burden of carrying the cross with His Son, Who explicitly told us that we must take up the cross and follow Him. As St. Paul put it "Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake, and in my flesh I complete what is lacking in Christ’s afflictions for the sake of his body, that is, the church ..." -- Colossians 1:24 Even though Paul's remark is mysterious and leaves us wondering "What could possibly be lacking in the sufferings of Christ?", it makes sense if we realize that we were all meant to share with our Elder Brother the burden of the cross. Our sufferings and the evil we endure have redemptive value if we unite them to the sufferings of Christ. One of the verses of Amazing Grace says it well:
Must Jesus bear His cross alone, and all the world go free? No, there's a cross for everyone, a cross for you and me.
harry
April 6, 2020
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Here is a somewhat different take on the problem of evil; not as sophisticated as many Theodicy arguments and philosophical treatices, but possibly helpful for some: https://thopid.blogspot.com/2020/02/the-problem-of-evil-theodicy-101.htmlFasteddious
April 6, 2020
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Jerry, I tend to think that the issue you have is one of categories. My argument is ontological (the nature of reality; being). It seems to me your are responding from an epistemological (knowing and how we know) point of view. This is what I mean. As I said above, the argument for the existence of God from the existence of objective evil does NOT depend on knowing whether any particular thing is evil. In other words, it is not an epistemological argument. Instead, the argument is based on the possibility of whether objective evil can exist. In other words, it is an ontological argument. The argument goes like this: Objective evil does not have independent existence. Instead, objective evil is the privation of the objective good. Therefore, the existence of evil is derivative of the existence of the objective good of which it is the privation. Objective evil exists. It follows from the above, that if objective evil exists, then objective good also exists. But objective good cannot exist apart from an objective and transcendent standard. Therefore, if objective evil exists, an objective and transcendent standard must also exist. The source of an objective and transcendent standard is the character of God. Therefore, God exists. Note that I did not have to conclude that any particular thing is good or evil to make this work. The argument works if objective evil exists, whatever particular thing one considers to be objective evil. Therefore, if anything -- no matter what that thing is -- is objectively evil, the argument works and leads to the conclusion that God exists.Barry Arrington
April 6, 2020
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Barry Arrington, what about "If God exists, then Evil exists, blah blah blah therefore the existence of God results (allegedly) in contradiction."?Yarrgonaut
April 6, 2020
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Jerry As I said yesterday I don’t think we are very far off in our thinking. Let me pose this scenario. Immediately after the fall, before any progenitors , while still in the garden, before any effects of the fall were visible, did evil exist? I say yes Vividvividbleau
April 6, 2020
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Barry, I am having a problem wrapping my mind around your argument. I maintain that evil does not exist except for the one instance I have indicated. Since all other designations of events as evil do not exist I believe it then negates your argument. But it also negates the argument against God because of the existence of evil. Are we playing semantics. Maybe. I don't believe I am but admit I could be persuaded. Aside: I have no proof that this evil I believe in exists. But if it does exist then this only form of evil cannot be used in an argument to disprove God. You could say that this evil which I believe in is the privation of the Good in one basic way, the separation of an individual from that Good for eternity. No one is using the deprivation of God from eternity as the reason there is no God. They are using unpleasant events in this world as the basis of that proof. Primarily natural events not moral ones. But what everyone else is calling evil, I do not believe are really evil. They are just unpleasant or undesirable things. All are finite and temporary and are insignificant compared to eternity. I am sure this could be expressed better. But basically there is nothing evil except the eternal privation of God. All other things called evil are just unpleasant events and are finite. As such they can not be used to negate God because these finite events exist when God is promising literally something infinitely more. Further aside: we could have a debate about why these unpleasant events exist. I believe they must exist to have a meaningful world. I believe in Leibniz's "Best of All Possible Worlds" proposition. The then related question is what has to be to make this proposition valid. That is the much bigger question.jerry
April 6, 2020
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Chuck:
Another word for objective morality is law which derives by force (from the sovereign)
The Holocaust was legal. Far from violating any internal law of Germany, it was pursued pursuant to the law of Germany. There you have it folks: Accordingly to Chuck the Holocaust was objectively moral. Chuck, if your premises lead to absurd conclusions, you should re-examine your premises.Barry Arrington
April 6, 2020
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