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Proteins are defying textbooks

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We bet this isn’t the only time they have done so. 😉

Here, from U Utah Healthcare:

Open any introductory biology textbook and one of the first things you’ll learn is that our DNA spells out the instructions for making proteins, tiny machines that do much of the work in our body’s cells. Results from a study published on Jan. 2 in Science defy textbook science, showing for the first time that the building blocks of a protein, called amino acids, can be assembled without blueprints – DNA and an intermediate template called messenger RNA (mRNA). A team of researchers has observed a case in which another protein specifies which amino acids are added.

“This surprising discovery reflects how incomplete our understanding of biology is,” says first author Peter Shen, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in biochemistry at the University of Utah. “Nature is capable of more than we realize.”

To put the new finding into perspective, it might help to think of the cell as a well-run factory. Ribosomes are machines on a protein assembly line, linking together amino acids in an order specified by the genetic code. When something goes wrong, the ribosome can stall, and a quality control crew is summoned to the site. To clean up the mess, the ribosome is disassembled, the blueprint is discarded, and the partly made protein is recycled.

Yet this study reveals a surprising role for one member of the quality control team, a protein conserved from yeast to man named Rqc2. More.

But what is this about “Nature is capable of more than we realize”? Does nature have a mind that has a search space for solutions?

Like a half-made car with extra horns and wheels tacked to one end, a truncated protein with an apparently random sequence of alanines and threonines looks strange, and probably doesn’t work normally. But the nonsensical sequence likely serves specific purposes. The code could signal that the partial protein must be destroyed, or it could be part of a test to see whether the ribosome is working properly. Evidence suggests that either or both of these processes could be faulty in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Huntington’s.

“There are many interesting implications of this work and none of them would have been possible if we didn’t follow our curiosity,” says Brandman. “The primary driver of discovery has been exploring what you see, and that’s what we did. There will never be a substitute for that.”

Are these people trying to say, don’t fire us because we find evidence for design in nature?

If so, let’s hope they are not forced to yelp some fake disclaimer at a press conference.

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Comments
AVS
Can’t wait to see the results!
You won't see anything. My project is not available to you or your comrades. It's restricted access by invitation only. Anyway, you wouldn't enjoy it. :)Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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Good chat Dio, and good luck on your project! Can't wait to see the results! I guess there's more than one way to keep an idiot busy.AVS
January 19, 2015
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AVS, The project I'm working on is not intended for people like you or your comrades, hence I careless what you think about it. Your opinion on the subject doesn't make any difference. It's totally irrelevant. This is for you: https://uncommondescent.com/news/proteins-are-defying-textbooks/#comment-542958 Ty umnitsa. Prosto molodets ! :)Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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Why would I come back with more questions when you can't even answer those few basic questions? I haven't even used foul language (recently) =) I just calls 'em as I sees 'em. And what I see is your inability to answer basic questions about your "project" because this project doesn't exist anywhere but in Dio's mind. If you can come up with an answer to any of those basic questions about your project (which you have been working on for who knows how long now(it's been over 7 months since your first "third way" post)), I will be very surprised. Like I said, game over player 2.AVS
January 19, 2015
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#205 AVS First read carefully post # 204 and then come back with more questions. BTW, are you also a paid cover agent working for the admin of this site, pretending to be stubbornly unpleasant, so that the discussions turn senseless, but heated enough to attract the attention of trashy talk show audiences, thus increasing the site traffic? Or you do all that voluntarily? Is your constant foul language included in your contract? Or is it part of your party line? :)Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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DNA_Jock
It bears no relation whatsoever to actual evolutionary theory, which is always provisional, always refutable.
What I'm talking about may 'bear no relation whatsoever' to your version of evolutionary theory. That's certainly fine with me. It just means we're talking about different things and it will be difficult to continue the discussion in that case.
Yes, biologists work to understand biology,
You agree - they struggle to explain the function things they claim to know the origin of.
and (to date) MES is the best explanation we have.
It's interesting to see how modest an evolutionary-promoter becomes at times. ET is merely "the best we have". Once again, you back away from the grand claim. You should say that "it is the only theory of biological origins that is correct".
Do you have a more parsimonious and predictive explanation?
Some aspects of nature indicate evidence of having been designed by intelligence.
^^ This is the central assertion of the ID movement. Your problem is the elision from the fact that there are features that have not yet been explained to the unsupported assertion that these features are “inexplicable”.
It's not an assertion, it's a prediction.
Science has a pretty impressive track record here.
Impressive yes, but not without room for critique.
And they don’t even try to explain the origin of carbon, either. Their subject matter is molecular biology, rather than evolutionary biology, or cosmology. Capiche?
They don't try to explain the evolutionary origin because they can't. They can't because they don't even know how to explain the observation. Yes, I capiche. Ann Gauger offers a nice summary of what we see from evolutionary biologists:
The evolutionary view attributes any observed similarity to evolutionary relatedness, and explains all biological structures as the result of purely natural evolutionary processes. This is the case even for complicated biological apparatus like programmed cell death, the cell cycle system, chromatin remodeling machinery, structures like the nuclear envelope, or for DNA sequences like the Y chromosome MSY (see above). Design language unintentionally pervades mainstream papers despite a bias against intelligent design. It’s so noticeable that articles have been written urging scientists to avoid teleological language (that is to say, design language) and use more evolutionary language. In other words, more spin. https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/at-env-ann-gauger-notes-something-that-had-occurred-to-the-news-desk-here-as-well/
More spin. It's a critical part of evolutionary biology itself.
With the notable and unique exception of gpuccio (who understands a fair amount of biology, but has a blind spot regarding Texas SS), every critique of evolutionary explanations that I have read on this site betrays on a woeful ignorance of biology:
I guess you think Fodor, Denton, Behe, Stuart Newman Gauger, Axe, Minnich, Snoke, Giertych are ignorant of biology.
Given Dionisio’s non-response @196, would you like to try your hand at answering the question I posed to Dionisio @194?
"When you do your bolding thing, why do you give credence to the authors` statement that “X is unknown”?" I can't answer for Dionisio but he's probably just reacting against the absurd claims we hear (although less frequently, I admit) from evolutionists that there is basically nothing in biology that is a mystery at all. Modern evolutionary theory basically explains it all. When we see papers pointing to unknown aspects of biological life, it's an indication that the evolutionary claims are over-stated. If we arrive at a point where more biologists are willing to admit, modestly (as you've done) that evolutionary theory is merely "the best we've got" - that's a huge step forward. We're not there yet though.Silver Asiatic
January 19, 2015
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Silver Asiatic wrote:
We’re on the lookout for the real version of evolutionary theory – the one that has no weaknesses and which offers precise and accurate predictions with each new finding in the data. [snip] …I might say that your version of evolutionary theory could be considered a strawman as well, especially if you’re proposing it as highly certain and irrefutable.
Yup. Just as I thought. That would be your strawman version of evolutionary theory, “TGTKtM”. It bears no relation whatsoever to actual evolutionary theory, which is always provisional, always refutable.
My point is that biologists struggle to explain how certain biological activities even work in living creatures they can observe today and yet at the same time they claim that evolutionary theory explains the origin of all of these things from the deep historical past.
Yes, biologists work to understand biology, and (to date) MES is the best explanation we have. Do you have a more parsimonious and predictive explanation?
There are hundreds of examples of biological features that are inexplicable in the current evolutionary model.
^^ This is the central assertion of the ID movement. Your problem is the elision from the fact that there are features that have not yet been explained to the unsupported assertion that these features are “inexplicable”. Science has a pretty impressive track record here.
Most papers don’t even try to explain the origin of what they struggle to describe.
And they don’t even try to explain the origin of carbon, either. Their subject matter is molecular biology, rather than evolutionary biology, or cosmology. Capiche?
When they do attempt to explain the evolutionary path, it’s even more laughable than if they kept silent about it.
With the notable and unique exception of gpuccio (who understands a fair amount of biology, but has a blind spot regarding Texas SS), every critique of evolutionary explanations that I have read on this site betrays on a woeful ignorance of biology: kairosfocus on “islands of function”, Andre on PCD, News on…err, well …News on anything. Even more revealing, however, is the lack of understanding of the nature of science and how research is conducted. Given Dionisio’s non-response @196, would you like to try your hand at answering the question I posed to Dionisio @194?DNA_Jock
January 19, 2015
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#202 correction: Prosto molodets!Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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So Dio, you aren't looking for comments and suggestions on your project, or is this whole project thing just a steamy pile of cow chips? Your choice.AVS
January 19, 2015
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#201 AVS Buddy, your misinformation reveals that you still haven't done your homework reading carefully my posts # 189-193, 195. I kindly suggest you better get to work and learn your lesson before you can start whining again. BTW, FYI - I write the post #s so that all the readers of this thread can follow this senseless discussion accurately, without missing any detail, thus they can have a more educated opinion about the discussed subject. :)Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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DNA_Jock
Yes, my statement is wildly inconsistent with your strawman version of evolutionary theory, TGTKtM, so either I am wrong or your strawman is inaccurate. Wow, there’s a doozy…
We're on the lookout for the real version of evolutionary theory - the one that has no weaknesses and which offers precise and accurate predictions with each new finding in the data. It's the version of evolutionary theory that shows, with detail, the power of natural selection in the development of genetic regulatory mechanisms, for example. But the problem is within the biological community itself, not with me. We've seen enough posts from biologists who propose a "third way" for evolution or alternatives to neo-Darwinism to know that the "real version" of evolutionary theory doesn't work. With that, I might say that your version of evolutionary theory could be considered a strawman as well, especially if you're proposing it as highly certain and irrefutable.
The articles he cites may or may not address the evolutionary origins of the biological activities they discuss. They don’t discuss the cosmological origin of carbon either. Your point?
If you're saying that ideas on biological evolution are about as certain and equivalent to the cosmological origin of carbon, that would be saying something. Supposedly, nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. But the articles somehow avoid even mentioning evolutionary origins of highly complex features. My point is that biologists struggle to explain how certain biological activities even work in living creatures they can observe today and yet at the same time they claim that evolutionary theory explains the origin of all of these things from the deep historical past. It's convenient that they don't have to actually explain how they evolved. Dionisio's point is pretty obvious for most ID supporters. There are hundreds of examples of biological features that are inexplicable in the current evolutionary model. Most papers don't even try to explain the origin of what they struggle to describe. When they do attempt to explain the evolutionary path, it's even more laughable than if they kept silent about it.Silver Asiatic
January 19, 2015
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#197 DNA_Jock
My question included “Other, please specify”. By replying “none of the above”, you imply that you have NO reason for attaching any credence to the authors` statements, making your grand project, err, pointless.
You're wrong. Again. You only listed 4 numbered options. When I wrote "None of the above" I meant the 4 numbered options you provided. Perhaps, in a way, I was saying about the same as your “Other, please specify", but expressed differently. Almost my entire post #196 was devoted to graciously answer your post #194, specially the "..., please specify" request. Did you read my comments in post 196? Apparently you didn't read it carefully, because it seems like you didn't realize I was replying to your "Other, please specify" statement. As usual, you jumped into premature conclusions, and wrote whatever you wanted to write. Someone suggested that some interlocutors in this blog are paid agents of the blog administration, to pretend being silly and thus provoke heated arguments that could attract more visitors to the site. I don't quite understand that intriguing suggestion, but sometimes I wonder if it is true and you along with your comrades are one of those paid cover agents. If that's the case, then you're doing it very well. Congratulations! But maybe that's not your case. Anyway, I have to admit that "ty umnitsa, prosto molders!"Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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Ok, Dio, let me help you some more. First clear some things up for me, quick and concise please. What exactly do you envision being in the videos you ultimately produce? Do you plan on running molecular simulations to produce your videos? How long do you think the video will end up being? What kind of resolution are you planning on? Atomic resolution? Or will it simply be animations?AVS
January 19, 2015
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Silver Asiatic writes:
DNA_Jock
Biology is complicated. Biologists know this.
This statement is wildly inconsistent with The Greatest Theory Known to Mankind.
Yes, my statement is wildly inconsistent with your strawman version of evolutionary theory, TGTKtM, so either I am wrong or your strawman is inaccurate. Wow, there’s a doozy…
A brief review of Dionisio’s posts reveals that almost nothing is said about the evolutionary origin of the organisms and functions under discussion. If you guys want to laugh at something, you might start there.
Well, in general Dionisio’s posts are carefully edited to omit the answers to the questions he highlights. The articles he cites may or may not address the evolutionary origins of the biological activities they discuss. They don’t discuss the cosmological origin of carbon either. Your point?DNA_Jock
January 19, 2015
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DNA_Jock
Biology is complicated. Biologists know this.
This statement is wildly inconsistent with The Greatest Theory Known to Mankind. Natural selection and random mutations - remember? That's what Dionisio brings to light. Now you've admitted it. You claim that biologists actually know that the natural world is "complicated", even though they try to explain the origin of the entire biosphere from their own, idiotically simplistic theory.
If you chose any ten articles at random from pubmed, they would, in net, INCREASE our knowledge and understand of biology, and at the same time they would INCREASE the number of unanswered questions.
You keep slipping here, DNA_Jock - wrong answer! You should have said: "if you choose any ten articles they would, absolutely, confirm every prediction made in evolutionary biology and what we need to fully validate the theory decreases". The general topic at UD is that of origins, not necessarily of biological minutia.
That’s not a bug, it’s a feature. It’s how science works. There are over 24 million articles in pubmed.
I think we know how science works: "There are no weaknesses in evolutionary theory". "Evolution is the most highly confirmed and validated theory in the history of science". "Evolution is more certain than gravity". A brief review of Dionisio's posts reveals that almost nothing is said about the evolutionary origin of the organisms and functions under discussion. If you guys want to laugh at something, you might start there.
Silver Asiatic
January 19, 2015
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Dionisio, AVS, hrun0815 and myself have had your number from the very get-go. It is truly delightful that you don’t even realize that you are in a hole. Keep digging. As AVS summed it up @186
My assumption is that your whole “project” is a load of crap, and you simply were highlighting things in an attempt to show how little we actually know about biology. But in fact, you were highlighting questions researchers have recently answered.
I made you an offer (@140 , repeated @165)
Dionisio,
when is Nat10 produced for the case of the discussed paper? what triggers that gene expression in relation to the discussed paper? what amount? or is it produced constantly? or is it produced for other processes and just happen to be available for the discussed process too?
I have an offer for you. I will provide the answers (including references) to these questions for free, if you first provide the URL for the text that you pasted into comment 107.
[Emphasis added] For additional questions, my usual consulting rates will apply. As has been noted elsewhere, you may find engaging a collaborator more cost-effective.
As AVS notes in #188, you still have not met my simple requirement, viz: answer the question
Was the text in post 107 copied from the web page linked to in post 107? If not, then where was it copied from?
You have also admitted (#178) that you are not interested in hearing the answer. You have, OTOH, claimed that I am “so afraid to answer such easy questions”, that I don’t have the answers, etc. etc. You write:
The posts [snip] explain clearly that the alleged ‘offer’ to answer my questions turned false because your buddy didn’t know the answers, even after I provided the hint that they might be in the same paper.
You did provide the “hint” that they might be in the same paper. Hilarious! Actually, I do know* the answers, and they are NOT in that paper. *to the extent that they are known. As I explained to hrun0815 @161, the purpose of my offer was to present you with a dilemma, wherein you would either have to admit that your bolding schtick was dishonest, or admit that you were uninterested in hearing answers to your numerous questions. Thanks to your spluttering evasions, no-one is in any doubt as to the source of your text for #107, and you have also admitted (@178) your lack of interest in hearing your questions answered. You managed to impale yourself on both horns – I`m impressed. But here’s the funny thing, even when your “bolding unanswered questions” schtick is honest, and avoids the problem of bolding questions which ARE answered in the same paper, it still doesn’t make the point you that think it does: Your argument, and your bolding unanswered questions schtick, rests on the idea that the more unanswered questions there are, the more biological sciences are in trouble. This is hilariously wrong. It is common knowledge that good science leads to an increase in the number of unanswered questions, and an increase in knowledge, simultaneously. I pointed Andre to “Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance” for an example of this; if you want a more academic treatment of the same subject, read Kitcher’s “Abusing Science”. Let me give you a (cartoon) example: Before radioactivity was discovered, there were no unanswered questions in nuclear physics. There was a disagreement between physicists on the one hand, and geologists and biologists on the other, about the age of the earth. The discovery of radioactivity “solved” the age of the earth problem (vindicating Darwin, fyi), but it introduced thousands of new questions to be answered – the half-lifes and modes of decay of every single nuclide. Your spamming of various threads at UD is entertaining (to me, at least: UBP`s view may differ); you imply that you are doing this to give the reality-based posters “a taste of their own medicine”. You evidently think that these posters (and their comrades and fellow travelers [gggg]) are “spamming” when they provide references to support their claims. You do not seem to understand what “evidence” is. Don’t worry, it’s a common failing amongst the ID crowd. Take-home: Biology is complicated. Biologists know this. If you chose any ten articles at random from pubmed, they would, in net, INCREASE our knowledge and understand of biology, and at the same time they would INCREASE the number of unanswered questions. That’s not a bug, it’s a feature. It’s how science works. There are over 24 million articles in pubmed. Going through all of them and manually bolding the text you find provocative is going to take you a while… Keep up the good work. My offer @165 still stands, if you are interested.DNA_Jock
January 19, 2015
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Dionisio, My question included "Other, please specify". By replying "none of the above", you imply that you have NO reason for attaching any credence to the authors` statements, making your grand project, err, pointless. Love it.DNA_Jock
January 19, 2015
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#194 DNA_Jock I think in this case the correct answer is 'none of the above'. I have responded your valid questions in several posts within this thread. Please, review those posts and ask specific questions about what I wrote in them. You may want to quote which specific part of my explanations is not clear to you, and I will gladly try my best to clarify it (despite my language limitations and my poor communication skills). If you point to a real error in my explanation, I will try and correct it ASAP, giving you the credits for finding the mistake and for alerting me about it. I will appreciate any valid constructive correction because I get benefited from it, because that's an important part of my learning process too. Maybe that interaction will lead us to a newer, more interesting level of discussion. Obviously, there are certain aspects of my work that I won't be in condition to reveal at this point, because they are not of public domain yet, but I will carefully try to explain as much as I'm allowed to, at least in general terms and using examples that are available to all. If you can't find my explanations, I could list the post #s for you. Just let me know how you want to proceed with this. But please, be open minded, think outside the box. Thank you.Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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AVS,
I am just letting you know that if a question is raised in the abstract of a scientific paper, it is (more often than not) answered in the subsequent pages.
I've explained to you clearly in previous posts why that's not accurate. The paper may answer -as far as biologists may expect- the main issue raised in the title and in the abstract, but it does it in a way that assumes the reader knows certain things which I don't know. Additionally, their descriptions may lack the granularity or detail level that is required in order to develop an interactive animation that does not leave obvious questions unanswered, as it's the case with most animations we see online. They try to represent certain processes in such a reductionist manner that one ends up with more questions at the end of watching such animations. In addition to that, one can only watch passively such animations. No interaction is possible. No way for on to affect the process by introducing additional information, modifying the conditions. My colleagues and I want to avoid that situation as much as possible. First, the user should be able to play the animation in different scenarios under different conditions and trying different choreographic approaches, where each class of object involved in a given story can be preset with physical properties and functional attributes that may affect their behavior and interaction with surrounding objects and environment. As you can imagine, that's not an easy task, but it's achievable. The project has various chronological phases, one of which is designing a practical methodology for gathering and organizing the input information. That's the area I'm working on now. This is why I'm more interested in the way the information is located, marked up, reviewed, selected, stored, organized, sorted, tagged, interwoven, multidirectional linked, etc. If you have used Zotero and Mind Meister tools you might understand what I'm trying to explain to you. Please, make some serious effort to understand this. Any serious suggestions or comments are welcome. This is still a 'work in progress' situation, with some 'proof of concept' tasks included too. If you choose to continue in your stubborn attitude to decline my invitation to engage in a serious discussion, then too bad. [Monday, Jan. 19, 2015]Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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Dionisio, Here’s a question for you to ponder on while I formulate a response to your comments: When you do your bolding thing, why do you give credence to the authors` statement that “X is unknown”? is it because 1) It’s a statement “against interest” 2) The authors are authorities in this field 3) There is a consensus amongst scientists that “X is unknown” 4) The statement is made in a peer-reviewed article Other, please specify… Please think carefully before responding.DNA_Jock
January 19, 2015
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AVS, The admin and moderators of this blog must love you and your comrades for creating additional traffic! Do you work for them by any chance? Did they hire you for that purpose? Are you just pretending? :)Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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AVS, Remember that you're not the only reader of these discussion threads. :)Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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#188 AVS
The game is up.
What game? the 'dirty' one you and your comrades try to play in this blog every day? Why do you always quit when you see yourself cornered by questions you don't want to answer? Why don't you want to answer them? Are you afraid of certain revelations that might become more clearly visible to all readers here if the discussions get deeper into complex areas that none of us will be able to handle, but questions will keep coming in? Is that what really concern you and your comrades? The deeper research penetrates into the biological systems the more light is shed on the elaborate cellular and molecular choreography that is orchestrated in sometimes very intriguing ways. Do not be afraid of that. Quite on the contrary, enjoy it! Aren't you excited to see the unending revelation of the ultimate reality? There is true wonder beyond the visible horizon. Let's all enjoy it together. These are fascinating times to watch closely what's going on in science research. Please, think seriously about this. Don't let this opportunity to pass by. This is the time, this is the best time. Now.Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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AVS, The posts #162 164 166 169 170 172 173 176 178 179 180 explain clearly that the alleged 'offer' to answer my questions turned false because your buddy didn't know the answers, even after I provided the hint that they might be in the same paper. Obviously you and your comrades don't seem interested in serious discussions, but I've listed the post numbers here intentionally, as sequential references for anyone reading this thread to see what really happened here. :) I have stated on several occasions in different threads within this blog that the information provided in the research reports shed more light on the biological systems, confirming their functional complexity. Every report makes it more difficult for the officially accepted theories to explain OOL. My posting and highlighting was explained clearly in some of my comments within this thread and in other threads. However, you obviously avoided getting into the details of what I explained. That's your problem. Your motives to participate in this blog are very visible in most of your posts. Why don't you want to answer my easy questions, which as you said are already explained within the same given papers? Why? Are you afraid of digging deeper into more details? Why? Can you explain your attitude and behavior here, publicly?Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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#188 AVS
You’re “project” BS is idiotic.
Did you mean "your" but mistakenly wrote "you're" which stands for "you are"? Should you go back to elementary school to learn basic grammar?Dionisio
January 19, 2015
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Dio, why on Earth would I answer your questions when on numerous occasions, others have offered to answer them and you were incapable of meeting a simple requirement? Not only that, but you just admitted in your post 178 that you are not even interested in the answers. The game is up. You're "project" BS is idiotic. Just call it what it is: You point out things we don't know yet in a pathetic attempt to show evolutionary biology in a bad light. Or maybe you're just a comic-genius because, man, it's funny as hell to watch you run around like a chicken with its head chopped off.AVS
January 18, 2015
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AVS, I explained with much details why I highlight som text. If you don't want to accept my explanations, that's your problem. You've disappointed many folks here who were hoping you will come back and respond my questions to you in posts #129-133, 137,138,... Did you miss those posts? Go ahead, try again. But read more carefully next time. Many people reading this thread might get the wrong impression about you, and think you know much less than you claim. C'mon don't let your buddies down, specially now, when they're all on the run and would use any help they could get. :) Go back to those posts I mentioned above, which you have ignored so embarrassingly, and answer those questions. Don't forget that there are more complex questions awaiting to be answered. I started from the easiest ones for you to find the answers for. The questions that might follow could be really challenging. But we'll look at that later. However, the good news is that most answers are in the same papers, but most are paywalled, hence can't access them. So just provide the link to the paper, the page number (from-to), and voilà you're done. You see? pretty simple. Why didn't you answered them right away, instead of ignoring them? Ok, third time: answer the questions I asked you in the above mentioned posts. Get serious for once. :)Dionisio
January 18, 2015
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Don’t get your panties in a wad Dio. Like I said, I’m merely trying to help you! I asked why you highlight certain things, you respond with “I try and highlight some of the issues that are not explained in the given paper.” The fact is though, that most of what you have highlighted in the past, probably the vast majority, is explained in the papers you cite. You don’t know this most likely because you simply skim the abstracts for what you think are unanswered questions, don’t have access to the majority of the full papers, and don’t read or understand the ones you do have access to. I am just letting you know that if a question is raised in the abstract of a scientific paper, it is (more often than not) answered in the subsequent pages. My assumption is that your whole “project” is a load of crap, and you simply were highlighting things in an attempt to show how little we actually know about biology. But in fact, you were highlighting questions researchers have recently answered. Let me know if you would like more assistance. I’ll even give you a hint, if you want unanswered questions, focus on review articles. The more recent the better. Have a nice day on cloud-9!AVS
January 18, 2015
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AVS Here's more of the same bitter 'syrup' for you and your comrades: https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/mystery-at-the-heart-of-life/#comment-542560 Enjoy it! :) PS. At least now you should know why I highlight text the way I deem appropriate. Feel free to post references to the descriptions of any of the procedural issues still unexplained in the given papers. Most probably some readers will appreciate it.Dionisio
January 17, 2015
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DNA_Jock Here's more of the same 'medicine' for you and your buddies: https://uncommondescent.com/neuroscience/new-research-charts-how-little-we-know-about-the-brain/#comment-542513 Enjoy it! :)Dionisio
January 17, 2015
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