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Life arose from chemical imbalances?

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From ScienceDaily:

The water world theory from Russell and his team says that the warm, alkaline hydrothermal vents maintained an unbalanced state with respect to the surrounding ancient, acidic ocean — one that could have provided so-called free energy to drive the emergence of life. In fact, the vents could have created two chemical imbalances. The first was a proton gradient, where protons — which are hydrogen ions — were concentrated more on the outside of the vent’s chimneys, also called mineral membranes. The proton gradient could have been tapped for energy — something our own bodies do all the time in cellular structures called mitochondria.

The second imbalance could have involved an electrical gradient between the hydrothermal fluids and the ocean. Billions of years ago, when Earth was young, its oceans were rich with carbon dioxide. When the carbon dioxide from the ocean and fuels from the vent — hydrogen and methane — met across the chimney wall, electrons may have been transferred. These reactions could have produced more complex carbon-containing, or organic compounds — essential ingredients of life as we know it. Like proton gradients, electron transfer processes occur regularly in mitochondria.

“Within these vents, we have a geological system that already does one aspect of what life does,” said Laurie Barge, second author of the study at JPL. “Life lives off proton gradients and the transfer of electrons.”

As is the case with all advanced life forms, enzymes are the key to making chemical reactions happen. In our ancient oceans, minerals may have acted like enzymes, interacting with chemicals swimming around and driving reactions. In the water world theory, two different types of mineral “engines” might have lined the walls of the chimney structures. More.

So the exact right genetic codes and protein machines to read, repair, and copy them and carry out all the activities for life can be explained by “minerals may have acted like enzymes, interacting with chemicals swimming around and driving reactions.” And life is not now popping up everywhere because…?

Acceptance of free-floating speculation for decades on end as “science” for no other reason than that it is naturalist is harmful to the concept of science—unless what we mean by science is “whatever promotes naturalism.” Why, one wonders, do proponents of naturalist atheism not become nervous about the use of this sort of silliness to promote their beliefs? Readers?

See also: The Science Fictions series at your fingertips (origin of life)

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Comments
Well this Timothy Horton is the donut hole.Joe
April 24, 2014
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Tim Horton? He makes good donuts.Barb
April 24, 2014
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No AVS, I am not a comedian, however I have corrected you a number of times wrt biology. And that is just a fact supported by many lines of evidence. BTW guys, Thorton's real name is Timothy Horton.Joe
April 24, 2014
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AVS:
Don’t worry Johnny, we have many scientists working on it. It is by no means “simple” to do this though.
Alexander Oparin (1924):
But this ignorance of ours is certainly only temporal. What we do not know today we shall certainly know tomorrow. A whole army of biologists is studying the structure and organization of living matter, while no less number of physicists and chemists are daily revealing to us new properties of dead things. Like two parties of workers boring from the two opposite ends of a tunnel, they are working towards the same goal. The work has already gone a long way and very, very soon the last barriers between the living and the dead will crumble under the attack of patient work and powerful scientific thought.
Alexander, is that you? Your faith in science is commendable. When do you think we may have an answer? Are you, like Oparin was back in the early 1900's, confident enough in your religion science to claim an answer will be found "very, very soon"? Or, is your faith of a weaker sort? As far as "simple", you have repeatedly stated how "simple" the whole process is, in going from molecules to "simple" cells to more complex cells. If the first cells were so "simple" it should be "simple" to re-create them. How about at the very least a model of one of these so called "simple" cells? Help us simpletons out. What would one of these "simple" cells look like?johnp
April 24, 2014
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Nope, Steve. I don't know any of those names. Did you really think a few comments were enough to come to that conclusion? I guess the whole "evidence-based conclusions" thing is not a strong-suit of the typical UDer. No surprise there.AVS
April 23, 2014
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gpuccio, When Thorton brings the conversation down to 'poochy', you KNOW he's in meltdown mode. You are the enemy gpuccio. The logical, rational, unflappable enemy. Dangerous man, dangerous. Hope you got your helmut on and steel tipped boots. Cuz Thorton's lashing out and gnashing of teeth is upon us.Steve
April 23, 2014
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AVS, Is that you Thorton??!!! You get booted off Cornelius Hunter's site for thumpin' your Darwin Bible way too aggressively. So now you are attempting the same schtick here. Don't worry folks. Thorton's harmless. Not an original thought from his noodle knot. He's mostly just agitated. Too much sugar.Steve
April 23, 2014
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Ah yes, here comes another genius telling me that "demonstrating molecular evolution, its formation of the first cells, and their evolution to life as we know it" is simple. Don't worry Johnny, we have many scientists working on it. It is by no means "simple" to do this though. Typical UDer, asking for explanations he knows science hasn't come up with yet and making it seem like it's "child's play." I don't think you guys could demonstrate your scientific illiteracy any better.AVS
April 23, 2014
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AVS, it would be easy for you to win this argument and shut these guys up. All you have to do is show how "slightly more and more complex molecules" formed "first cells of the most simple nature". Then show how these simple cells evolved into the types of cells we see today. For someone of your intelligence, education, and biological savvy, it should be child's play. These guys won't know what hit them and they will run home crying to momma. I personally can't wait to see it happen.johnp
April 23, 2014
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Here comes the comic relief... seriously Joe, are you a comedian? Because you are hilarious! I'm surprised you can even spell biology.AVS
April 23, 2014
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"Empirical science is not based on logic" Wow. That's quite a statement. That's all I really needed to hear from you. You're just being stubborn now, poochy. Abiogenesis is a search for the explanation for the origin of life, in case you didn't get the memo. You should try not opening your mouth at all, it will help you in your personal life.AVS
April 23, 2014
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AVS, we have already proven that we know more about biology than you do. Yes we know what abiogenesis predicts. We also know that it is a failed prediction. You have less hope than the kid in a room full of horse-sh!t looking for a horse.Joe
April 23, 2014
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AVS: “Predict” wasn’t the right word to use. Definitely. You should have used "assume". Learn to use the correct words, buddy, it will help you in your personal life. Empirical science is not based on logic. It is based on observation. And your logic is not necessarily good logic. No empirical observation supports the existence of simple cells, of any kind. That's the simple truth. You can build any theory on any assumption, but the value of a theory is that it can: a) explain things b) predict new things (that were not assumed to build the theory). OOL theories can do neither. Good luck with your attempts at understanding the basics of science.gpuccio
April 23, 2014
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Poochy, you have them in the wrong order, abiogenesis predicts the first cells were simple, and it works based on this assumption. Maybe "predict" wasn't the right word to use, but you are missing the point. It is completely illogical to think that the abiogenesis of the first cell resulted in a complex organism like those seen in nature today. Logic points to the first cells being extremely simple, in the process of abiogenesis. It's like me and you are looking at the grand canyon, I say that it started off as a shallow river, and you say that's illogical. You're splitting hairs, buddy.AVS
April 23, 2014
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AVS: If you cannot understand, even when it is pointed to you, that a theory which is based on some assumption cannot "predict" the thing on which it is based, then your epistemology is beyond hope.gpuccio
April 23, 2014
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It's ok Joe, but maybe you should think about reading your comments before you hit that "post" button. Who knows, maybe you'll realize how childish and unintelligent you sound. Axel, I'm not really sure what you are blabbering about with your mind over matter BS. You're one step away from becoming the next BA when you bring up quantum physics like that. You guys don't know jack about biology. Why do I bother trying to talk to you guys about it?AVS
April 23, 2014
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AVS:
These first cells were of the most simple nature in comparison to today’s cells.
That is the propaganda. Too bad there isn't any evidence for such a thing. However gullible children buy it-> enter AVS.Joe
April 23, 2014
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AVS, your failure to intuitively understand the wholly antithetical natures of mind and matter, and, necessarily the precedence of mind over matter, as also meticulously evidenced by quantum physics, means that it is you who have an inaptly-limited, worldly intelligence. No shame in that, but it might be a good idea for you to look into other areas for your diversion: computer gaming, perhaps, or rapping, or some kind of involvement in modern pop music.Axel
April 23, 2014
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AVS:
Joe, I don’t think the first cells were “more than today’s most simple cells.”
My bad- I meant to say - Too bad for you there isn’t any evidence that the first cells were more simple than today’s most simple cells. Deal with that, loserJoe
April 23, 2014
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Joe, I don't think the first cells were "more than today's most simple cells." You really do not understand the topic of abiogenesis do you? Of course not, you have the intelligence of a five year-old.AVS
April 23, 2014
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Poochy, I'm not really sure why you are so riled up over the fact that abiogenesis predicts and is based on formation of simple cells first. Assuming anything else would be completely illogical. Most hypotheses in abiogenesis require the formation of slightly more and more complex molecules, which formed the first cells. These first cells were of the most simple nature in comparison to today's cells. There simply has to be early steps in abiogenesis where the cells are of an extremely simple nature. I'm not aware of any possible scenario where the first cells to arise were even close to today's cells in complexity. Oh wait, unless you count the idea that somebody "poofed" the first cells into existence along with all the complexity we see today. Sound familiar to anyone?AVS
April 23, 2014
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AVS, Too bad for you there isn't any evidence that the first cells were more than today's most simple cells. AVS is just a wishful thinking dolt.Joe
April 23, 2014
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Mung, BA and others: I think that there is no real fun in debating OOL theories. It's so easy to win! That's why I usually prefer macroevolution. The game is more entertaining there. I think that even those who propose this bizarre theories don't really believe in what they are proposing. The idea is probably that someone must go on proposing something, so that people may at least believe that one day, perhaps, someone else will come out with something even remotely credible.gpuccio
April 23, 2014
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AVS:
Mungy, the first cells were most certainly simple. Abiogenesis predicts this and is based on this.
(Emphasis mine). This statement is as good as it can be. A theory which is based on a specific assumption and, guess what, predicts it, is really a treat for the scientific mind! Thank you, AVS. You are the best. :)gpuccio
April 23, 2014
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You've given me "concrete" evidence that life appeared on Earth as soon as it was possible? BA, I don't know what planet you live on, but a shoddy youtube video of someone making claims with little to no scientific evidence is no "concrete evidence" of anything but how much of a joke you guys are. I don't think you even understand what half of your copy/paste jobs are saying. They are all either pseudoscience BS or unrelated to the conversation. Typical BA post, I guess.AVS
April 22, 2014
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AVS, I don't know why I bother with your juvenile antics, but, in case you don't know, ad hominem is not scientific evidence.,,, nor is your imagination scientific evidence. Whereas, I've given you concrete scientific evidence that 'complex' photosynthetic life appeared on earth as soon as it was possible for it to exist on earth. So where is your evidence that 'simple' life preceded that? You don't even have scientific evidence of prebiotic chemistry!,,,bornagain77
April 22, 2014
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Are you kidding me BA? Haven't you learned yet? Half of your posts have nothing to do with the first cells. And the very first cells to come about were most certainly simple. Very simple in fact, when compared to today's cells. The fact that I have to explain this to you demonstrates your complete lack of understanding on the topic. The first cells had only the most basic properties of cells that we see today. It would be completely illogical to think that the first cells to arise had anything but the smallest fraction of complexity that we see in cells today? Are you really this moronic? You cannot think in terms of today's cells when trying to think of the first cells to arise. They are vastly different. Thinking about the first cells requires extensive knowledge in biology, chemistry, and other fields. Knowledge you and your friends lack completely.AVS
April 22, 2014
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AVS you claim
the first cells were most certainly simple.
And you know this how AVS? Even this 'evolution friendly' article readily admits the staggering level of 'specified complexity' (information) that would have to be dealt with in the first cell:
Was our oldest ancestor a proton-powered rock? - Oct. 2009 Excerpt: “There is no doubt that the progenitor of all life on Earth, the common ancestor, possessed DNA, RNA and proteins, a universal genetic code, ribosomes (the protein-building factories), ATP and a proton-powered enzyme for making ATP. The detailed mechanisms for reading off DNA and converting genes into proteins were also in place. In short, then, the last common ancestor of all life looks pretty much like a modern cell.” http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427306.200-was-our-oldest-ancestor-a-protonpowered-rock.html
Moreover, we now have evidence for photosynthetic life suddenly appearing on earth, as soon as water appeared on the earth, in the oldest sedimentary rocks ever found on earth.
The Sudden Appearance Of Life On Earth – video https://vimeo.com/92413648 When Did Life on Earth Begin? Ask a Rock (3.85 bya) http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/293/ When did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve? - Roger Buick - 2008 Excerpt:,, U–Pb data from ca 3.8?Ga metasediments suggest that this metabolism could have arisen by the start of the geological record. Hence, the hypothesis that oxygenic photosynthesis evolved well before the atmosphere became permanently oxygenated seems well supported. http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/363/1504/2731.long
Moreover, there is no evidence of prebiotic chemistry before this time:
Dr. Hugh Ross - Origin Of Life Paradox (No prebiotic chemical signatures)- video (40:10 minute mark) https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UPvO2EkiLls#t=2410 "We get that evidence from looking at carbon 12 to carbon 13 analysis. And it tells us that in Earth's oldest (sedimentary) rock, which dates at 3.80 billion years ago, we find an abundance for the carbon signature of living systems. Namely, that life prefers carbon 12. And so if you see a higher ratio of carbon 12 to carbon 13 that means that carbon has been processed by life. And it is that kind of evidence that tells us that life has been abundant on earth as far back as 3.80 billion years ago (when water was first present on earth).,,, And that same carbon 12 to carbon 13 analysis tells us that planet earth, over it entire 4.5662 billion year history has never had prebiotics. Prebiotics would have a higher ratio of carbon 13 to carbon 12. All the carbonaceous material, we see in the entire geological record of the earth, has the signature of being post-biotic not pre-biotic. Which means planet earth never had a primordial soup. And the origin of life on earth took place in a geological instant" (as soon as it was possible for life to exist on earth). - Hugh Ross - quote as stated in preceding video - italics are added Isotopic Evidence For Life Immediately Following Late Bombardment - Graph http://cdn.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/hires/2014/oldestbitofc.jpg
And photosynthetic life is anything but 'simple life':
Scientists unlock some key secrets of photosynthesis - July 2, 2012 Excerpt: "The photosynthetic system of plants is nature's most elaborate nanoscale biological machine," said Lakshmi. "It converts light energy at unrivaled efficiency of more than 95 percent compared to 10 to 15 percent in the current man-made solar technologies.,, "Photosystem II is the engine of life," Lakshmi said. "It performs one of the most energetically demanding reactions known to mankind, splitting water, with remarkable ease and efficiency.",,, "Water is a very stable molecule and it takes four photons of light to split water," she said. "This is a challenge for chemists and physicists around the world (to imitate) as the four-photon reaction has very stringent requirements." http://phys.org/news/2012-07-scientists-key-secrets-photosynthesis.html
Even the parasitic mycoplasma is complex beyond belief:
Three Subsets of Sequence Complexity and Their Relevance to Biopolymeric Information - David L. Abel and Jack T. Trevors - Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling, Vol. 2, 11 August 2005, page 8 "No man-made program comes close to the technical brilliance of even Mycoplasmal genetic algorithms. Mycoplasmas are the simplest known organism with the smallest known genome, to date. How was its genome and other living organisms' genomes programmed?" http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1742-4682-2-29.pdf To Model the Simplest Microbe in the World, You Need 128 Computers - July 2012 Excerpt: Mycoplasma genitalium has one of the smallest genomes of any free-living organism in the world, clocking in at a mere 525 genes. That's a fraction of the size of even another bacterium like E. coli, which has 4,288 genes.,,, The bioengineers, led by Stanford's Markus Covert, succeeded in modeling the bacterium, and published their work last week in the journal Cell. What's fascinating is how much horsepower they needed to partially simulate this simple organism. It took a cluster of 128 computers running for 9 to 10 hours to actually generate the data on the 25 categories of molecules that are involved in the cell's lifecycle processes.,,, ,,the depth and breadth of cellular complexity has turned out to be nearly unbelievable, and difficult to manage, even given Moore's Law. The M. genitalium model required 28 subsystems to be individually modeled and integrated, and many critics of the work have been complaining on Twitter that's only a fraction of what will eventually be required to consider the simulation realistic.,,, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/to-model-the-simplest-microbe-in-the-world-you-need-128-computers/260198/
Thus AVS, other than your atheistic/materialistic belief, why fo you imagine that "the first cells were most certainly simple"? You simply have no evidence for that claim!bornagain77
April 22, 2014
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Mungy, the first cells were most certainly simple. Abiogenesis predicts this and is based on this. Only you are confused by the geological system/today’s cells comparison of the use of ion gradients. And your gravity analogy is completely ridiculous. The hydrothermal vent systems resemble systems in use by cells, the force of gravity can be used to do work only with the input of intelligent thought. “gradients do not make life go” …says the guy with a high school-level understanding of biology. How are the engines references different in the science daily article and the paper? …they’re not. Do you even know what that quote from page 446 means? Something tells me you don’t. Go ahead and summarize it, prove me wrong. You mean the chapter about metabolism doesn’t talk about how membranes form? I never would’ve guessed… Maybe they already spent a large amount of time talking about this? Maybe somewhere in the first 20 chapters? Just a thought. The “need” to synthesize these molecules is based on what we see today in life. They didn’t “need” to synthesize the specific molecules we think of as essential to life today, they “needed” only to evolve in their molecular make-up and functions. I’m pretty sure you took that quote out of context. The membrane is not a perfect barrier, and we can hypothesize that early membranes were even less of an efficient barrier to small molecule movement. Your arguments about early cells and their “requirements” of all the major molecules we see today demonstrates you do not know w demonstrates you do not know what you are talking about. EA, I’m not really sure what your problem is with the word, “protocells.” It simply means “the first” cells, or “early” cells. Basically it helps get the point across that these cells are nothing like the ones we see today. Apparently it doesn’t really help if the reader has no knowledge in biology (cough, cough).AVS
April 22, 2014
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It's the flash of lightning what does it.Axel
April 22, 2014
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