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Michael Egnor Responds to Michael Lemonick at Time Online

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In a piece at Time Online, More Spin from the Anti-Evolutionists, senior writer Michael Lemonick attacks ID, the Discovery Institute, the signatories of the Dissent From Darwin list, and Michael Egnor in particular.

Dr. Michael Egnor (a professor of neurosurgery and pediatrics at State University of New York, Stony Brook, and an award-winning brain surgeon named one of New York’s best doctors by New York Magazine) is quoted: “Darwinism is a trivial idea that has been elevated to the status of the scientific theory that governs modern biology.” You can imagine the ire this comment would provoke from a Time science journalist.

The comments section is very illuminating as Dr. Egnor replies to and challenges Lemonick.

Egnor comments:

Can random heritable variation and natural selection generate a code, a language, with letters (nucleotide bases), words (codons), punctuation (stop codons), and syntax? There is even new evidence that DNA can encode parallel information, readable in different reading frames.

I ask this question as a scientific question, not a theological or philosophical question. The only codes or languages we observe in the natural world, aside from biology, are codes generated by minds. In 150 years, Darwinists have failed to provide even rudimentary evidence that significant new information, such as a code or language, can emerge without intelligent agency.

I am asking a simple question: show me the evidence (journal, date, page) that new information, measured in bits or any appropriate units, can emerge from random variation and natural selection, without intelligent agency.

Egnor repeats this request for evidence several times in his comments. Incredibly, Lemonick not only never provides an answer, he retorts: “[One possibility is that] your question isn’t a legitimate one in the first place, and thus doesn’t even interest actual scientists.”

Lemonick goes on to comment: “Invoking a mysterious ‘intelligent designer’ is tantamount to saying ‘it’s magic.'”

Egnor replies:

Your assertion that ID is “magic,” however, is ironic. You are asserting that life, in its astonishing complexity, arose spontaneously from the mud, by chance. Even the UFO nuts would balk at that.

It gets worse. Your assertion that the question, “How much biological information can natural selection actually generate?” might not be of interest to Darwinists staggers me. The question is the heart of Darwinism’s central claim: the claim that, to paraphrase Richard Dawkins, “biology is the study of complex things that appear to be designed, but aren’t.” It’s the hinge on which the argument about Darwinism turns. And you tell me that the reason that Darwinists have no answer is that they don’t care about the question (!).

More comments from Egnor:

There are two reasons that people you trust might not find arguments like mine very persuasive:

They’re right about the science, and they understand that I’m wrong.
or
They’re wrong about the science, and they’re evading questions that would reveal that they’re wrong.

My “argument” is just a question: How much new information can Darwinian mechanisms generate? It’s a quantitative question, and it needs more than an <i>ad hominem</a> answer. If I ask a physicist, “How much energy can fission of uranium generate?” he can tell me the answer, without much difficulty, in ergs/ mass of uranium/unit time. He can provide references in scientific journals (journal, issue, page) detailing the experiments that generated the number. Valid scientific theories are transparent, in this sense.

So if “people you trust” are right about the science, they should have no difficulty answering my question, with checkable references and reproducible experiments, which would get to the heart of Darwinists’ claims: that the appearance of design in living things is illusory.

[…]

One of the things that has flipped me to the ID side, besides the science, is the incivility of the Darwinists. Their collective behavior is a scandal to science. Look at what happened to Richard Sternberg at the Smithsonian, or at the sneering denunciations of ID folks who ask fairly obvious questions that Darwinists can’t answer.

The most distressing thing about Darwinists’ behavior has been their almost unanimous support for censorship of criticism of Darwinism in public schools. It’s sobering to reflect on this: this very discussion we’re having now, were it to be presented to school children in a Dover, Pennsylvania public school, would violate a federal court order and thus be a federal crime.

There’s lots more interesting stuff in the comments section referenced above. I encourage you to check it out. I was pleasantly surprised at the number of commentaters who stood up for ID and challenged Darwinian theory along with Dr. Egnor.

[HT: Evolution News & Views]

Comments
tribune7, I will try to parse out each part of your definition to see if I understand it or if I don't maybe someone can help. "In general, to recognize intelligent causation we must establish that one from a range of competing possibilities was actualized" Does this mean that one of the possible options happened? "determine which possibilities were excluded" Does this mean that we have to know which possible options did not happened? Or could not have happened? If the latter then does this mean that these possibilities were not acutally possible? "then specify the possibility that was actualized." You will have to help me here. I know what the ordinary use of the word specify is. Does this mean that we have to not only know that one of the possible options happened but to know which one? "What's more, the competing possibilities that were excluded must be live possibilities" Does this mean the possible options that did not happen were actual possible options? If something is possible, isn't it possible or is there such a thing as impossible possibilities? "sufficiently numerous so that specifying the possibility that was actualized cannot be attributed to chance." You got me. I know of no possible English sentence I could use to try to explain this. "In terms of probability, this means that the possibility that was specified is highly improbable." I have no idea how this follows. Why is something highly improbable from what has proceeded this. Of course I do not know what specified means in this context. "In terms of complexity, this means that the possibility that was specified is highly complex." I have no idea how this follows either. Aren't people getting the idea that no one here can actually explain the concept of CSI.jerry
February 20, 2007
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By the way, 500 coins heads would be considered evidencing CSI.scordova
February 20, 2007
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Great_ape asks: Does this not suggest that compressibility (i.e. simplistic description) and complexity are at odds with each other? Yet aren't these concepts joined in CSI?
The question is understandable, but one must be careful, and the answer is no. Compressibility refers to a Kolmogorov-Chaitin conception of information and a different meaning of "complexity" than the meaning of "complexity" in the CSI sense. The CSI sense refers to Shannon conception of information. Here is an example of a complex system in the shannon sense but non complex in the Kolmogorov sense: "500 coins all heads" The physical outcome of 500 coins all heads represents 500 bits of information in the shannon sense. It does not represent much information in the Kolmogorove (K-complex) sense. Salvadorscordova
February 20, 2007
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OK Jerry, I've been re-reading the paper. Does this help?
In general, to recognize intelligent causation we must establish that one from a range of competing possibilities was actualized, determine which possibilities were excluded, and then specify the possibility that was actualized. What's more, the competing possibilities that were excluded must be live possibilities, sufficiently numerous so that specifying the possibility that was actualized cannot be attributed to chance. In terms of probability, this means that the possibility that was specified is highly improbable. In terms of complexity, this means that the possibility that was specified is highly complex.
tribune7
February 20, 2007
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Great_ape, That's my (rough) understanding of it. I had to grapple with the same issue when trying to understand Dembski's work. Like others here, I stumbled over the "specification" aspect of CSI. My rough explanation is the result of my reading and subsequent trying to dumb it down to understand it myself. For your other question:
Does this not suggest that compressibility (i.e. simplistic description) and complexity are at odds with each other? Yet aren't these concepts joined in CSI?
Yes and yes. They are at odds, but they refer to different "things" if you will. The specification pattern (the description) is itself simple while the actualized pattern that it describes (the event) is complex. Like in my example, the specification pattern "8000 bits, all 1s" is simple, but what it describes is a string of 8000 bits, with a probability of 1/(2^8000) of being randomly selected. I visualize it as hitting two targets simultaneously. When an event hits both a "complex actualized pattern" target (with a very low probability of occurring) and a "simple description" target (which also has a low probability of occurring), it is the result of intelligence. I don't know if that helps or confuses, but that's my simple understanding of it.Atom
February 20, 2007
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Great Ape, I think my answer concerning obscenity got caught in the filter. Probably because I used the famous Potter Stewart quote :-)tribune7
February 20, 2007
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I'm always uncomfortable discussing a scientific concept whose definition I can't grasp. This one's a though nut.
What is it for a possibility to be identifiable by means of an independently given pattern? A full exposition of specification requires a detailed answer to this question. Unfortunately, such an exposition is beyond the scope of this paper. The key conceptual difficulty here is to characterize the independence condition between patterns and information. This independence condition breaks into two subsidiary conditions: (1) a condition to stochastic conditional independence between the information in question and certain relevant background knowledge; and (2) a tractability condition whereby the pattern in question can be constructed from the aforementioned background knowledge. Although these conditions make good intuitive sense, they are not easily formalized. For the details refer to my monograph The Design Inference.
tribune7
February 20, 2007
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Since what is “obscene” is, by legal definition, based on community standards that vary from place to place, “obscenity” is what I thought to be the problematic concept. Well obscene is basically what the law says so the definition is (or should be) obvious i.e. if the law says you can't walk down the street with everything flapping in the wind then what is obscene is certain. Now, whether the law is Constitutional is a different question and that concerns whether it's an expression of an idea or "hard-core pornography" as per the famous quote by Potter Stewart:
I have reached the conclusion, which I think is confirmed at least by negative implication in the Court's decisions since Roth and Alberts, that under the First and Fourteenth Amendments criminal laws in this area are constitutionally limited to hard-core pornography. I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description; and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it, and the motion picture involved in this case is not that.
The dictionary definiton of porn is: the depiction of erotic behavior (as in pictures or writing) intended to cause sexual excitement. So in writing or depicting something how can one deterimine if one is trying to show a realistic aspect of the human experience or cause sexual excitement? That's where the difficulty in defining it as per law comes in.tribune7
February 20, 2007
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"So the set can be formalized. I believe Dembski does so, using his idea of “primitive concepts.” " ==Atom I'll have to think more about natural language descriptios as the pattern set, but let me see if I'm following so far. 1. Something has CSI if it conforms to a pattern that is "compressible," in the sense that it can be described by a smallish program and/or rule set. 2. Such patterns, as opposed to non-compressible patterns, are exceptionally rare (assuming, of course, that the system generating the patterns generates them uniformly (i.e. is not biased towards compressible patterns) 3. The observation of such a pattern is exceedingly unlikely to be due to "chance" so, having observed it, one can reasonably infer design. Practical concerns aside, I can now begin to see how one might fit CSI to a hypothesis-testing framework. One more question. I do know a few basic tidbits about compression via computers. One can, for example, much more readily compress an image if it has large patches of solid colors. That is, the simpler the image, the more amenable to compression. I suspect this idea can be extended more broadly. Does this not suggest that compressibility (i.e. simplistic description) and complexity are at odds with each other? Yet aren't these concepts joined in CSI? Thanks, by the way, your descriptions and Sewell's on CSI have been the most digestible I've come across thus far. Great_apegreat_ape
February 20, 2007
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In slightly more detail, Sewell actually does enumerate the set you're seeking, defining it (implicitly) as grammatically correct english descriptions of 1000 words or less. There are a fixed number of possible English paragraphs that length, Sewell gives the number of "2^30000 different 1000-word paragraphs." So the set can be formalized. I believe Dembski does so, using his idea of "primitive concepts."Atom
February 20, 2007
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Great_Ape, Dembski uses the english language as well as his restricted pattern set, describing the BacFlag as a bi-directional rotary motor (or some similar phrase.) For me, I don't see why the english language itself cannot serve as the proper backdrop. (This may seem strange. But since language is descriptive of patterns in the real world functionally, it is not surprising that real world patterns can be differentiated by using language as our "restricted pattern set".)Atom
February 20, 2007
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"Specification patterns “tap into” our background knowledge, making use of ideas we already have." ==Atom Atom, This touches on one of my main questions about CSI: how does one formalize and enumerate the notion of "ideas we already have"? That seems like an inherently hazy endeavor. I can see how you might apply it to a restricted set of ideas (i.e. a known grammar), but how does one apply it to test a "physically actuated" set of information for which this "restricted pattern set" of potential "descriptions" (in Sewell's terminology) are unknown?great_ape
February 20, 2007
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Complex Specified Information: The coincidence of conceptual and physical information where the conceptual information is both identifiable independently of the physical information and also complex. page 141 of NFL BTW thunder storms only occur under specific conditions. With DNA it not only needs to be replicated but it also specifies other molecules required for a living organism to remain alive. IOW DNA is also complex.Joseph
February 20, 2007
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"Obscenity is easy to define. Pornography becomes a bit more difficult." ==tribune7 [tangent:] I thought the line between art and pornography was drawn in US law precisely when the content in question became "obscene." Since what is "obscene" is, by legal definition, based on community standards that vary from place to place, "obscenity" is what I thought to be the problematic concept. In any case, I think Jerry's analogy is a good one. I'm always uncomfortable discussing a scientific concept whose definition I can't grasp. It may well be that I'm too dense to get it, or that articulated in another way I would understand, but there is always the lingering doubt that the definition itself is problematic.great_ape
February 20, 2007
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Correction: the specification pattern is actually simple (I said it needed to be independent, complex, and...), but what it describes should be sufficiently complex.Atom
February 20, 2007
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Specification deals with algorithmic complexity theory and compression. Those patterns which are independent, complex and highly compressable are suitable specifications. Again, Sewell defines these as patterns which can be fully defined in 1000 words or less. Dembski uses the idea of "primitive concept" instead of word, but it is the same thing. Specification patterns "tap into" our background knowledge, making use of ideas we already have. Thus they have a very short description length compared to their actualization. Take 8000 bits, all 1s. I just described a pattern you can independently reproduce from my specification, 8000 bits long, which has a description of only four words or so. (the four words = roughly 17 characters total = 8 bits per character * 17 = 136 bits.) As you can see 8000 bits >> 136 bits. Read the paragraph I quoted in post 59, I think Sewell explains it wonderfully.Atom
February 20, 2007
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"It's definition makes it a subset of the body informational constructs studied in information science. Thus all the ideas applicable to the field as a whole are applicable to specified complexity." == Sal I understand your point; there are a lot of concepts that are potentially derivable from the body of theory that have not necessarily been addressed or formally discussed in academia. I do find it odd that no one has addressed this previously/elsewhere. The ability to recognize "intelligent agency" within a given physical substrate without a known a priori pattern would seem like a fairly interesting line of research. I tried reading through Dembski's article on specification and intelligence. I'm fairly familiar with Fisher's approach to hypothesis testing and have used it both in traditional contexts and cases where I had to generate/simulate my own null distributions. Where he loses me is in the formalization of specified complex information and putting it in a hypothesis testing framework. I have trouble understanding how this can be done without some sort of symbolic context that gives significance to one subset of patterns vs. others.great_ape
February 20, 2007
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tribune7, I asked if there were a definition that a common person could understand. I read the Dembsik definition and then the example of the archers and it reminded me of the Abbott and Costello skit of "Whos on first." I got lost real quick. It was not the examples, which I understood the implications of, but the explanation afterwards. Maybe if we try here, we can come up with definitions and examples where someone as dumb as I doesn't get lost immediately. So far all I see are examples and not simple ones at that. A goal should be to conclusively point to DNA and say that it is specified and point to something like a thunder storm and say it is not. And here's why.jerry
February 20, 2007
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There seem to be examples but not a definition. Jerry, there is a definition. It is complicated -- the one I tried to simplify was probably unworthy of the paper from which I took it -- but one exist. I guess you pretty much have to read the paper, in which other terms are defined, to get the geist of it. Obscenity is easy to define. Pornography becomes a bit more difficult.tribune7
February 20, 2007
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I like Granville Sewell's definition of a specification (paraphrased): Something that can be fully described in 1000 english words or less. From his essay:
If we toss a billion coins, it is true that any sequence is as improbable as any other, but most of us would still be surprised, and suspect that something other than chance is going on, if the result were ”all heads”, or ”alternating heads and tails”, or even ”all tails except for coins 3i + 5, for integer i”. When we produce simply describable results like these, we have done something ”macroscopically” describable which is extremely improbable. There are so many simply describable results possible that it is tempting to think that all or most outcomes could be simply described in some way, but in fact, there are only about 2^30000 different 1000-word paragraphs, so the odds are about 2^999970000 to 1 that a given result will not be that highly ordered—so our surprise would be quite justified. And if it can't be described in 1000 English words and symbols, it isn't very simply describable.
Atom
February 20, 2007
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I rest my case, there is no definition of CSI that the common person could understand. I often wondered why it didn't appear in any of the discussions. There seem to be examples but not a definition. Maybe I will try to define pornography and obscenity.jerry
February 20, 2007
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gpuccio, Thanks for taking the time to respond. Great stuff.Barrett1
February 20, 2007
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Jerry: "Now there are lots of good examples of specified information but I have not seen any good definition of it. For example, a typical English sentence is specified but what definition leads to this conclusion?" I think you raise a good question, Jerry. The notion of "specified information" is, intuitively, somewhat clear to me. I know the difference between specified and not, but perhaps not in an easily explained fashion. Here's what Dembski wrote in the link that's given in an above post: "In that scenario, by first painting the target and then shooting the arrow, the pattern is given independently of the information. On the other hand, in this, the third scenario, by first shooting the arrow and then painting the target around it, the pattern is merely read off the information." I'm going to just try and think myself through it. As I mull it over, it seems to me that maybe this definition of specification might need to be rephrased. Dembski speaks of "independence" between the 'pattern' and the 'information', but instead of speaking of the independence of the 'information' and the 'pattern', I think we need to introduce the notion of the independence of ‘rules' and ‘laws' which give rise to "patterns". My sense is that for "specification" to occur, there has to be 'independence' between the ‘rules' governing the pattern, and laws that are at play in the ‘actualization' of information. Getting back to your distinction between a thunderstorm and an English sentence, the difference seems to be that in the case of the thunderstorm, any pattern that is observed can be explained strictly in terms of the laws of nature-- whereas, for example, in writing this sentence, I'm observing the "rules" of English grammar; hence, this sentence is a pattern that is textured by those rules, but is completely independent of the underlying ‘laws' which make writing this sentence possible: e.g., electromagnetics, along with all the forces of Nature, the Kreb's Cycle, chemical potentials in my nerve cells, etc.. ‘Rules' delimit the ‘range' of possibilities. ‘Laws' determine the ‘range' of possibilities. (We should probably also include, in addition to the physical laws of Nature, the “Laws of Life” itself.) When no ‘rules' are operative, then the ‘range' of possibilities that exist cannot be delimited; hence, the emerging ‘pattern' is not significant, but pre-ordained—as in snowflakes. Information emerges from the conjunction of ‘rules' and ‘possibilities'. But, remembering that complexity and information are directly proportionate of each other in Dembski's definition, the word ‘information' seems almost redundant. So, perhaps, it might be better to say that ‘complexity' plus ‘specificity'= ‘significant information' (to distinguish it from mathematical understandings of it such as Shannon information). With this said, it now becomes clear that ‘rules' themselves are the direct product of ‘intelligence', implying that ‘significant information' can only be produced by ‘intelligence'. This, in turn, has direct application to the so-called “Anthropic Principle”, where, within the ‘infinite' possibilities for each of the physical constants of the world, the ones we have are the only ones operative. IOW, the electrical charge of the electron is not a ‘law'; it is more a ‘rule' of the universe, with the implication that some ‘Intelligence' has chosen it. To go back, now, to the analogy that Dembski gives of the archer, the arrow and the pattern, in the first scenario the arrow simply follows the ‘laws' of physics and flies where it will given its initial conditions (tied into the “Laws of Life”; i.e., the archer's physiology). In the second scenario, the pattern that is drawn on the wall is completely independent of those same laws of physics, and, thus, represents a ‘rule' being superimposed upon all the ‘possibilities' that the ‘laws of physics' permit. Thus the 'actualization' of the arrow hitting the “bulls' eye” is “significant information' (versus simple ‘complexity', or, Shannon information). It allows us to make some conclusion about the archer's prowess. In the third scenario, the arrow flies according to the laws of physics, but the pattern that is drawn, is drawn in a manner that is completely dependent on the arrow's location; so the 'actualization' of the arrow is insignificant because as its ‘information' is being ‘actualized' (basically, Shannon information, i.e., a consequence of probabilities), there is no ‘rule' delimiting the range of all ‘possible actualizations'. Sorry this is so long-winded, but it isn't a simple question to answer. P.S. One can also use this approach to explain the Mt. Rushmore example, and the 'prime numbers in binary code' example.PaV
February 20, 2007
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After reading the definition of CSI you provided, I think the definition of obscene may be clearer. OK, how about this: Specific information is information in a pattern if that information came into being independent of the pattern. Think of this: The odds of getting a Royal Flush are the same as getting any five cards in a poker hand. What has more information? The pattern is independent of the aculization. Dembski describes it a little different (and probably better) at his link. He also gives an excellent analogy (much better than a thunderstorm) regarding an archer shooting at a blank wall and an archer shooting at a bullseye. And it's not obscenity that's hard to define. It's pornography :-)tribune7
February 20, 2007
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Has anyone read From The Origin of Species to the origin of bacterial flagella by Mark J. Pallen and Nicholas J. Matzke? From the blurbs I have read it is about assigning homologs and just by doing that the bacterial flagellum could have "evolved" by culled genetic accidents. So there must be something that I haven't read that actually demonstrates something- right? I ask because this article allegedly lays to rest one ID icon. And I have found it curious that the parts that would be presented in blogs do not even come close to doing so. (so what am I missing?)Joseph
February 20, 2007
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My 2 cents: What is complex specified information (CSI)? CSI & specified complexity are basically the same thing. CSI can be understood as the convergence of physical information, for example the hardware of a computer and conceptual information, for example the software that allows the computer to perform a function, such as an operating system with application programs. In biology the physical information would be the components that make up an organism (arms, legs, body, head, internal organs and systems) as well as the organism itself. The conceptual information is what allows that organism to use its components and to be alive. After all a dead organism still has the same components. However it can no longer control them. And blind people may still have eyes but their vision system is incomplete or damaged. The bacterial flagellum*- It is a physical part. The physical information is the specific arrangement of amino acid sequences required, as well as their configuration- the “propeller” filament is comprised of more than 20,000 subunits of the flagellin protein FLiC; The three ring proteins (Flgh, I, and F) are present in about 26 subunits each; The proximal rod requires 6 subunits, FliE 9 subunits, and FliP about 5 subunits; the distal rod consists of about 25 subunits; the hook (or U-joint) consists of about 130 subunits of FlgE . The conceptual information is that which allowed for its assembly, i.e. the assembly instructions, as well as for the operation, i.e. the speed and direction of rotation. To summarize: Parts, assembly instructions plus command & control = CSI. *numbers from NFLJoseph
February 20, 2007
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great_ape asked: Are there other (non-ID) contexts in which these concepts are formally used in academia, etc? (Not that establishment in academia is everything, but it does suggest more credibility b/c more brains have mulled over and criticized possible weaknesses)
If you asked an ID proponent the answer would be yes, and if you asked an ID opponent the answer would be no. Let me illustrate why. If Joe ID-Proponent said:
f(x) = 2.146514159 x^2 therefore calculus shows the derivate, f'(x), is described by f'(x) = 4.293028319x
Joe ID-Proponent can claim calculus demonstrates his idea is true, whereas PZ ID-Opponent will claim:
"I see no where in mathematical literature where f(x) is defined as 2.146514159 x^2. ID proponents are liars and con artists. I dare them to cite a peer-reviewed paper where f(x) is definee this way."
We have a similar situation with the idea of specified complexity. It's definition makes it a subset of the body informational constructs studied in information science. Thus all the ideas applicable to the field as a whole are applicable to specified complexity. I'm not aware that "specified complexity" is explicitly a term used in information science, but neither am I aware that f(x) = 2.146514159 x^2 is in any peer-reviewed math journal. It does not mean specified complexity is outside of information science any more than the idea f(x) = 2.146514159 x^2 and its derivative are outside of mathematics. When I say "information science shows specified complexity is destroyed by noise", people like Mark Chu-Carroll 2ill jump all over the statement in the manner that PZ ID-opponent does. I'm think of posting on specified complexity sometime soon to help educate our readers. The basics are not difficult, only tedious. Most of the hard work for information science and theory is in building computers and communication systems. We don't need that level of sophistication for the sake of most discussions. A college sophomore after reading the essay I'm preparing will hopefully be able to understand the basics. But if a communication engineer said, "noise destroys information" (i.e. noise destroys a musical recording), most would colloquially understand what was meant, even though, in one sense, as I pointed out, you can demonstrate "noise increases information". But when we carefully look at the intended meaning, the paradoxes evaporate. Salvadorscordova
February 20, 2007
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tribune7, After reading the definition of CSI you provided, I think the definition of obscene may be clearer. Now I know why no one has ever provided a clear definition and how it would select an English sentence and not a thunder storm. If you want to take on that problem (thunder storm vs. English sentence) maybe we could find a layman's definition.jerry
February 20, 2007
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One of my comments made in on that Time blog. I just posted the following: Anyone who uses gene duplications to refute ID does NOT understand the debate. That is beacuse as far as we know gene duplications are a built-in response to an environmental cues (See Dr Spetner's "Not By Chance"). IOW to call gene duplications the work of the blind watchmaker is pure wishful thinking. ID is NOT anti-evolution. If anything I could be considered anti-the blind watchmaker as having sole dominion over the evolutionary process(es). Computer simulations fail because in order to be used one must first fully understand that which is being simulated. We are not yet at that stage with the evolution of biological organisms. For those who advocate bacterial resistanec for anything please read the following: http://www.trueorigin.org/bacteria01.asp There are SEVERAL criteria that must be met BEFORE one infers design. One is: "Our ability to be confident of the design of the cilium or intracellular transport rests on the same principles to be confident of the design of anything: the ordering of separate components to achieve an identifiable function that depends sharply on the components." Dr Behe 1) X looks designed 2) We have NEVER observed nature, operating freely produce X or anything X-like 3) We have observed intelligent agencies producing things that are X-like 4) We know that any scenario requires something either beyond nature or metaphysical, regardless of whether or not that is openly admitted to. 5) Therefore we should at least be able to investigate the possibility of intentional design as opposed to just saying “the design is illusory”. Ya see we know from experience i matters a great deal to any investigation whether or not that which is being investigated arose by intent or by chance. So perhaps this is a good place to ask: What is the criteria for determining that the observed design is illusory? We exist. And seeing the materialistic anti-ID position is nothing more than sheer dumb luck, including the laws that govern nature, why would anyone cling to that position? Sheer dumb luck that the proto-earth got hit by a giant impactor which started our rotation and gave us a large stabilizing moon. Then cam another cosmic accident which wiped out the dinosaurs thereby allowing for the mammals to evolve. Sheer dumb luck.Joseph
February 20, 2007
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One of the peculiarities of the discussions of CSI to me has been the lack of a good definition of the “S” part of the designation. What does it mean to be specified? Jerry, Dembski defines it as: The actualization of a possibility (i.e., information) . . . if independently of the possibility's actualization, the possibility is identifiable by means of a pattern.tribune7
February 20, 2007
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