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Michael Egnor Responds to Michael Lemonick at Time Online

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In a piece at Time Online, More Spin from the Anti-Evolutionists, senior writer Michael Lemonick attacks ID, the Discovery Institute, the signatories of the Dissent From Darwin list, and Michael Egnor in particular.

Dr. Michael Egnor (a professor of neurosurgery and pediatrics at State University of New York, Stony Brook, and an award-winning brain surgeon named one of New York’s best doctors by New York Magazine) is quoted: “Darwinism is a trivial idea that has been elevated to the status of the scientific theory that governs modern biology.” You can imagine the ire this comment would provoke from a Time science journalist.

The comments section is very illuminating as Dr. Egnor replies to and challenges Lemonick.

Egnor comments:

Can random heritable variation and natural selection generate a code, a language, with letters (nucleotide bases), words (codons), punctuation (stop codons), and syntax? There is even new evidence that DNA can encode parallel information, readable in different reading frames.

I ask this question as a scientific question, not a theological or philosophical question. The only codes or languages we observe in the natural world, aside from biology, are codes generated by minds. In 150 years, Darwinists have failed to provide even rudimentary evidence that significant new information, such as a code or language, can emerge without intelligent agency.

I am asking a simple question: show me the evidence (journal, date, page) that new information, measured in bits or any appropriate units, can emerge from random variation and natural selection, without intelligent agency.

Egnor repeats this request for evidence several times in his comments. Incredibly, Lemonick not only never provides an answer, he retorts: “[One possibility is that] your question isn’t a legitimate one in the first place, and thus doesn’t even interest actual scientists.”

Lemonick goes on to comment: “Invoking a mysterious ‘intelligent designer’ is tantamount to saying ‘it’s magic.'”

Egnor replies:

Your assertion that ID is “magic,” however, is ironic. You are asserting that life, in its astonishing complexity, arose spontaneously from the mud, by chance. Even the UFO nuts would balk at that.

It gets worse. Your assertion that the question, “How much biological information can natural selection actually generate?” might not be of interest to Darwinists staggers me. The question is the heart of Darwinism’s central claim: the claim that, to paraphrase Richard Dawkins, “biology is the study of complex things that appear to be designed, but aren’t.” It’s the hinge on which the argument about Darwinism turns. And you tell me that the reason that Darwinists have no answer is that they don’t care about the question (!).

More comments from Egnor:

There are two reasons that people you trust might not find arguments like mine very persuasive:

They’re right about the science, and they understand that I’m wrong.
or
They’re wrong about the science, and they’re evading questions that would reveal that they’re wrong.

My “argument” is just a question: How much new information can Darwinian mechanisms generate? It’s a quantitative question, and it needs more than an <i>ad hominem</a> answer. If I ask a physicist, “How much energy can fission of uranium generate?” he can tell me the answer, without much difficulty, in ergs/ mass of uranium/unit time. He can provide references in scientific journals (journal, issue, page) detailing the experiments that generated the number. Valid scientific theories are transparent, in this sense.

So if “people you trust” are right about the science, they should have no difficulty answering my question, with checkable references and reproducible experiments, which would get to the heart of Darwinists’ claims: that the appearance of design in living things is illusory.

[…]

One of the things that has flipped me to the ID side, besides the science, is the incivility of the Darwinists. Their collective behavior is a scandal to science. Look at what happened to Richard Sternberg at the Smithsonian, or at the sneering denunciations of ID folks who ask fairly obvious questions that Darwinists can’t answer.

The most distressing thing about Darwinists’ behavior has been their almost unanimous support for censorship of criticism of Darwinism in public schools. It’s sobering to reflect on this: this very discussion we’re having now, were it to be presented to school children in a Dover, Pennsylvania public school, would violate a federal court order and thus be a federal crime.

There’s lots more interesting stuff in the comments section referenced above. I encourage you to check it out. I was pleasantly surprised at the number of commentaters who stood up for ID and challenged Darwinian theory along with Dr. Egnor.

[HT: Evolution News & Views]

Comments
"assuming that RM did it (filtered through NS) is really, well, asinine." This statement on my part is a bit strong. Let me just clarify it a bit. "assuming that RM did it (filtered through NS) is really, well, asinine." Ie, if it is true that RM, filtered through NS is actually capable of doing what is claimed, the burden of proof is certainly squarely on the sholders of science to prove it -- at least to prove that RM+NS is a sufficiently potent combination that it could have pulled it off. So far the best case I have seen for RM+NS is, well, it's the only theory that fits the philosophy.bFast
February 18, 2007
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Jerry:
I do not agree with your comment that “Modern Evolutionary Theory is NOTHING more THAN RM+NS!”. It is not what is taught in the university evolutionary biology courses though this is a common perception here.
I agree with you that this is not what is taught in biology courses. I also agree that it is a common perception here. Further, this "common perception here" is at the heart of the "your problem is that you don't understand the theory of evolution"tyrade. It is for this reason that I dare to prove that RM+NS=MET is valid and complete. Consider, for instance, genetic drift. I contend that genetic drift is not a mechanism at all, but a phenomenon. Let me distinguish the two. In physics we have a number of mechanisms, two of which are inertia and gravity. If all other forces are ignored, such as friction, and if a small object is passed close to a very large object, the small object -- due to these two forces alone -- enters into orbit around the large one. Orbit is a phenomenon. The eliptical shape of the orbit is a phenomenon. It is not, in itself acting on the objects, it is only observed and described. Genetic drift is a phenomenon. When selective pressure is reduced to zero, genetic drift must, ipso facto, happen. Now, that said, there are clearly currents within the genetic ocean upon which an allele frequency is drifting. For instance, brown eyes are genetically associated with darker skinned people. If the human population is selecting for a darker complexion by natural selection, then the current of this selection will migrate the color of the human eye towards brown. As such, we see that the current that underpins genetic drift is none other than our good friend natural selection. All of the other phenomena that you mention are intriguing discoveries of the intricacies of RM+NS at work. It is not that I am unaware of these phenomena (though I am not professionally versed) nor that I do not find them intriguing. It is merely that they are the natural, though not always obvious, effects of RM+NS. Even HGT, if I understand, is explained within MET on purely RM+NS terms. I understand that there may be some component of a secondary mechanism -- seems that viruses may play an active role in HGT. In any case, according to MET, any such mechanism is a mechanism that came about as a product of RM+NS. Joseph
ID is NOT anti-evolution. Rather if anything ID could be considered to be anti-the blind watchmaker having sole dominion over the evolutionary process(es).
I wholeheartedly agree. I fully support common descent. I recognize that HGT puts a wrinkle in "common descent", but HGT notwithstanding, common descent is the best explanation I can find for how life developed on earth. As for where natural selection fits into the puzzle of life, I think that most IDers would agree with me that NS has a potend preserving power. Natural Selection is clearly a primary mechanism for sustaining and balancing the ecosystem. I think that most IDers would agree with me also, however, that RM is pretty much just destructive; that assuming that RM did it (filtered through NS) is really, well, asinine.bFast
February 18, 2007
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Regarding this funny guy, Michael Lemonick, I think he has found the perfect way to answer all questions without risking to be found wrong. Here are a few examples, from his "comments" in that blog: "Maybe so, maybe not." "As for your other points, I'll give you credit for one thing: you take them very seriously" "So you and a tiny band of others keep saying." "Or so you believe." Wonderful! No wonder darwinists are not falsifiable! I am afraid all of these statements are (not very brilliant) variations of the classical semantic way to be always right: just answer, to anybody, whatever he is saying: "That's what you are saying". But, seriously, my most heartfelt admiration goes to Michael Egnor for his infinite patience, fairness, precision, and scientific openness. If that is the difference between an IDer and a darwinist, we have strong moral reasons, beyond the scientific ones, to stay where we are in this specific "culture war".gpuccio
February 18, 2007
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He hasn't published my comment yet. I basically said that ID is NOT anti-evolution. Rather if anything ID could be considered to be anti-the blind watchmaker having sole dominion over the evolutionary process(es). Then I talked about sheer dumb luck and its implications for science. (sheer dumb luck being the materialistic anti-ID position) I also said that we exist and there is only ONE reality behind that existence. And to disallow ID just because is an injustice to science and mankind.Joseph
February 18, 2007
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gpuccio, Thank you for your explanation. It will help us separate out the various arguments made by the evolutionary biologists and focus on what is right and what is wrong.jerry
February 18, 2007
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bFast: "The Modern Evolutionary Theory is NOTHING more THAN RM+NS!" You are absolutely right! I understand what jerry is saying, but still bFast statement is perfectly true. That's why: 1) Maybe RM is not the only source of variation, if you restrict the term to single nucleotide polymorphisms. But if we accept tribune7's correction, just to avoid ambiguity, and speak of Random Variation, that can include everything: SNP, deletions, inversions, duplications, genetic drift (HGT is another story). The key word here is "random". Any known variation of genetic material, except possible intelligent interventions (such as those that genetic engineers daily accomplish) is by definition random. 2) What is the matter with genetic drift? It is a process which certainly exists, and so? It can only fix some existing allele in a random way! It cannot generate new information (such as a new sequence or protein), and it cannot select anything on a functional basis. Therefore, it cannot add anything to random chance, and therefore anything more specifically complex than the Dembski limit of 1 to 10^150 can never come into existence by genetic drift, or by any combination of random variation. If there is something which I can't see in the genetic drift theory, please someone explain it to me! 2) Deletions, inversions, duplications, are kust variant froms of random mutation. hey cannot do anything different than random mutation in the form of SNP. I agree, the "variation" created by a deletion or duplication is different in form from the variation created by a SNP, but they are anyway random events. Do you think that he chance of a monkey randomly producing Shakespeare's works on a keybord may be increased if you add a key which, instead of typing a new character, just "moves" randomly a set of alredy written characters to another point? I think that the equivalence of all random manipolations should be easy to demonstrate mathematically, although I cannot do that. 3) HGT is another story. That is a powerful instrument which allows to reutilize existing code in different organisms, and is tha main cause of the only well documented adaptive variation in nature: antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Well, but it is a reutilization of "existing" code. It has no ability to create new information, only to use what alredy is there for the purpose for ehich it has always been there, only in different bacteria. And where it is a cause of variation (for instance for the different possible integrations of a new gene in the genetic material of the host), there its variation effect is, again, random. 4) So, what are we left with, to "explain" information? Natural selection, I am afraid. What a pity that it does not work! But pretending that there are other explanations, which have never existed, will not improve the chances...gpuccio
February 18, 2007
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Wow. That is one angry journalist. Michael Egnor managed to keep himself calm and reasonable the entire time, and Lemonick was reduced to talking points. I always get a bit weirded out when people get that passionate over simply questioning what's supposed to be a popular, but nevertheless purely scientific theory. It's not as if Lemonick is on the side that's being censored in the, as he puts it, tiny minority.nullasalus
February 18, 2007
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bFast, I believe geneticists think that natural selection and genetic drift are very different processes. In genetics they have calculation schemes for genetic drift that are based solely on random differences between generations on what alleles gets expressed that show that a random favoring of one allele can lead to its fixing in the population. It has nothing to do with an allele's effect on the survival of offspring. About a month ago when Larry Moran was featured for some of his more stupid comments, I went to his site and he said he was a "drifter" and favored it over natural selection. So they obviously think there are distinct differences. I do not agree with your comment that "Modern Evolutionary Theory is NOTHING more THAN RM+NS!". It is not what is taught in the university evolutionary biology courses though this is a common perception here. In begining biology courses they frequently do not go to far beyond Darwin's original theory. But even advanced plalcement courses will include genetics and thus genetic drift as the main cause for fixing alleles. Here is a comment by Behe on the process of evolutionary biology that Joseph provided: "Intelligent design is a good explanation for a number of biochemical systems, but I should insert a word of caution. Intelligent design theory has to be seen in context: it does not try to explain everything. We live in a complex world where lots of different things can happen. When deciding how various rocks came to be shaped the way they are a geologist might consider a whole range of factors: rain, wind, the movement of glaciers, the activity of moss and lichens, volcanic action, nuclear explosions, asteroid impact, or the hand of a sculptor. The shape of one rock might have been determined primarily by one mechanism, the shape of another rock by another mechanism. Similarly, evolutionary biologists have recognized that a number of factors might have affected the development of life: common descent, natural selection, migration, population size, founder effects (effects that may be due to the limited number of organisms that begin a new species), genetic drift (spread of “neutral,” nonselective mutations), gene flow (the incorporation of genes into a population from a separate population), linkage (occurrence of two genes on the same chromosome), and much more. The fact that some biochemical systems were designed by an intelligent agent does not mean that any of the other factors are not operative, common, or important.–Dr. Behe" So evolutionary biology is a lot more than RM which is just one source of new alleles and NS which is just one process which affects changes in allele frequecy in a population. At present evolutionary biology does not include anything from ID which it should because as Dr. Egnor says, all these mechanisms of allele creation cannot explain the formation of the incredible information in biological systems. This last point is the sole point of ID's dispute with evolutionary biology. We do not dispute natural selection, just that natural selection rarely ever has anything but trivial stuff on which it can have an effect.jerry
February 17, 2007
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The comments section is very illuminating as Dr. Egnor replies to and challenges Lemonick.
This reminds me of the Meyer-Ward debate. Egnor makes thoughtful comments on substantive issues while Lemonick invariably responds with non sequiturs and childish put-downs. Even if I wasn't already ID-friendly I know who I would favor based on behavior alone.sagebrush gardener
February 17, 2007
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jerry,
Genetic drift has nothing to do with mutations and is thought to be more powerful than natural selection for influencing allele distribution in populations.
Sorry, I confused genetic drift with molecular clocks. In any case, genetic drift is nothing more than natural selection when natural selection doesn't find anything particular to select for. The Modern Evolutionary Theory is NOTHING more THAN RM+NS!bFast
February 17, 2007
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“The bottom line is that Neo-Darwinian Evolution proponents have no plausible theory of the generative, only a theory of garbage disposal. This is not hard.” I remember when I used to hear how easy “evolution” was to understand, and how it didn’t make sense that more people didn’t accept it because it’s so easy to grasp. Then once ID became a real threat, the buzz phrase was “it’s hard to understand” which was why there was so much “confusion” about it among “common folk” (read, everyone who doesn’t buy into the creative power of the blind watchmaker). Egnor’s simple question is enough to illustrate the vacuity of Darwinism.shaner74
February 17, 2007
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The bottom line is that Neo-Darwinian Evolution proponents have no plausible theory of the generative, only a theory of garbage disposal. This is not hard. The essentials of NDE theory are remarkably simple, remarkably easy to understand, and remarkably deficient. Whether it's random mutation, genetic drift, or other mechanisms, they are all stochastic in nature. Trial and error can be a useful tool in a limited domain in which the search space is sufficiently limited, but probabilistic resources run out very quickly for difficult (and even somewhat simple) problems when combinatorics raise their ugly head. Any engineer knows this, and knows when to use trial and error and when to resort to intelligent design when the limits of trial and error have been reached. NDE dudes don't have a clue about this, so they must resort to really boring and vacuous arguments like those of Lemonick.GilDodgen
February 17, 2007
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Just a clarification. Genetic drift has nothing to do with mutations and is thought to be more powerful than natural selection for influencing allele distribution in populations. Also natural selection operates on the current set of alleles as well and does not necessarily need random mutations to change the allele frequency of a population. The definition of genetic drift from wikipedia "In population genetics, genetic drift is the statistical effect that results from the influence that chance has on the success of alleles (variants of a gene). The effect may cause an allele and the biological trait that it confers to become more common or more rare over successive generations. Ultimately, the drift may either remove the allele from the gene pool or remove all other alleles. Whereas natural selection is the tendency of beneficial alleles to become more common over time (and detrimental ones less common), genetic drift is the fundamental tendency of any allele to vary randomly in frequency over time due to statistical variation alone, so long as it does not comprise all or none of the distribution." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_drift I heard someplace that brown eyes will become fixed in the human population over time by genetic drift. Though I do not have the actual reference for this. Changes in alleles can arise from several sources, of which random mutations is just one, though it is the one made famous by Darwin (I think he called it spontaneous changes) and the original formulation of NDE in the 1920's and 1930's based on Morgan's work with fruit flies. Most evolutionary biologists today don't restrict themselves to RM + NS. What is taught in evolutionary biology courses as a source of new alleles includes much more than just random mutations. Natural selection has nothing to do with the origin of new alleles only how they might get fixed in a population. What the evolutionary biology courses do not include is any intelligent input to the appearance of new alleles and they openly disparage the need to even consider it. Of course evolutionary biology really has no answer to the creation of new complex systems of alleles either by random mutation, HGT, gene duplication or any other natural mechanism which is why you get the nonsense by Lemonick in response to Egnor's questions.jerry
February 17, 2007
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Invoking a mysterious "intelligent designer" is tantamount to saying it's magic." --Michael Lemonick
"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." -- Arthur C. Clarkesagebrush gardener
February 17, 2007
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“YOU OBVIOUSLY DON'T KNOW THE FIRST THING ABOUT EVOLUTION!“ That happens to you too? :-)tribune7
February 17, 2007
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tribune7, I appreciate your frustration with the darwinian sidetracking. Interestingly, genetic drift is nothing more than an accumulation of mutations. HGT is a slightly different story. In truth I wonder if the ubiquitous HGT isn't just evidence of intelligent genetic engineering. However, the neo-Darwinian community clearly assumes that the genes that transfer do so for purely "randomness + selection" reasons. There is an argument from the neo-Darwinian community that there actually is more to the theory than random mutation plus natural selection, but I haven't found it. (BFast gets drowned out by the drone of "YOU OBVIOUSLY DON'T KNOW THE FIRST THING ABOUT EVOLUTION!") However, I am happy to challenge any darwinist out there -- Ph.D. or not, to show me any understood mechanism that is not merely a natural extension of the simple Random Mutation + Natural Selection tennet, or of a mechanism that was supposedly developed by the first. I believe that there is none. RM+NS explains it ALL!bFast
February 17, 2007
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From the comments section: “As for Dr. Egnor, his quote suggests that he is not as familiar with evolutionary theory as one would hope/expect." Yeah great response - what a surprise. It seems to be the default/knee-jerk reaction of Internet Darwinists. Usually goes something like this: 1. Raise a valid question about NDE 2. You are accused of not understanding “evolution" 3. Ask question again 4. Hordes of Darwinists attack you, yet never answer original question. Par for course. Gee how difficult is it to understand? “RM + NS = everything" Yeah takes a real “brain surgeon" to understand that one.shaner74
February 17, 2007
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NS + RV might be a better way of describing what Darwinists claim than NS + RM. You would stop the sidetracking arguments that HGT and genetic drifts are not mutations.tribune7
February 17, 2007
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