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We Have a Live One, Folks — Information Redux

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My first post on UD, a mere 6 weeks ago, covered some basic principles about information.

Specifically, I addressed the misunderstandings of those who deny that there is anything special about the information contained in, say, DNA, as opposed to a pile of rocks or Saturn’s rings.  We had a very productive discussion, with a number of issues explored.  (Incidentally, I used the word “contain” as a shorthand way of expressing what Mung suggested we call “sequences of symbols” that “represent information.”  I’m fine with that longer formulation, as we are saying the same thing substantively.  Any nuance there isn’t germane to the point of today’s brief post.)

As we were winding up the thread, Mung asked if I had any sources of people who espoused the “information everywhere” view.  Unfortunately, I haven’t kept track of all the times I’ve heard this issue, though a number of other commenters on the thread indicated they had been exposed to similar claims from the anti-ID side.

Well, fast forward to today.  On vjtorley’s recent thread about RNA, the issue of information content came up.

Evolve claimed to Upright Biped, in part:

Your mud is nothing but a collection of molecules. So is life. Your mud has chemistry, so does life. How did inanimate chemistry (found in mud) transform into biochemistry (found in life) is all that needs to be figured out.

To which I responded, in part:

False. Blatantly, patently, utterly false.

Life is most certainly not “nothing but a collection of molecules.”

Evolve also asserted:

Creationists are likening biochemistry (which is perceived as information in life) to man-made codes like computer software and language. They, as a group, seem incapable of realizing that computer software and human language lack any chemistry whatsoever!

To which I responded:

No-one has to pretend that they perceive information in life. It is there. Objectively so. And things like the genetic code were not made up by creationists. It is called a code because it is one.

As to your last sentence, you are demonstrating that you have virtually no grasp of the issues at hand. The question is not whether chemistry is involved. Everyone knows it is. Everyone (who has any understanding of what they are talking about) also knows that simple “chemistry” on its own explains neither the origin of life nor its ongoing existence. Surely you are not really taking the position that information and coding cannot be placed into biochemical strings because we are dealing with “chemistry”?

After a day passed, I wondered if Evolve would recognize he was going down a bad path and quietly back down.

Unfortunately, unwilling to follow the time-honored advice — “If you find you’ve dug yourself into a hole, stop digging.” — Evolve stepped up with another shovel full this afternoon:

If there’s information in life, then there’s information in dissolving salt in a glass of water! It’s all chemistry, Eric. And chemical reactions happen spontaneously on their own as you witness every second.

One molecule reacts with another molecule under certain conditions to make a product. Done. That’s it.

So there you have it.  It’s all just chemistry.  One molecule reacts with another and, ta-da!, life as we know it.  Nothing to explain here.  No information to see.  Move along folks.

A live example of utter failure to appreciate what is going on in living systems.  A refusal to acknowledge the gaping information chasm that separates any old “collection of molecules” from something like DNA.  A claim that if there is information in DNA, then there is also information in “dissolving salt in a glass of water,” because, hey, “it’s all chemistry.”

Mung, you can add this to your reference list.

Evolve, I apologize if this is coming across too harshly.  If you are genuinely interested in this issue, please read the prior thread in detail and think through the question of why researchers across the spectrum acknowledge that information is one of the keys to life — something that makes a fundamental difference between a living cell and salt dissolving in water.

Comments
@TSErik, That was my thought also. What Evolve was saying is that there IS no science. It is all 'just stuff'. What is cosmology but physics, and what is physics but interactions between particles? What is any branch of science but interactions between particles? (Sounds like the rebirth of Newtonian determinism) We're going to have some bad news for all those millions of people employed in all the expanding branches of science; you're wasting your time - and our money - because it's all just stuff and there's nothing more to explain. Meh.ScuzzaMan
May 2, 2014
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It's been stated but I'll throw in. This is classic employment of the genetic fallacy to which Darwinists often turn. We cannot assume what is true for the part is true for the whole. If we continue that logic we could reduce the scope further and say that chemical reactions are nothing but interactions between the nuclear forces of sub-atomic particles. And poof! Inorganic and organic are exactly the same at the fundamental levels. QED! Surely when put like this anyone can see the fault in the line of reasoning.TSErik
May 2, 2014
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Computer code and language may require chemistry to exist (since they are created by humans), but they’re not chemical molecules themselves. Whereas DNA is a chemical. That’s the whole point.
Absolutely correct! Computer code and language REQUIRE chemistry to exist (since they are created by humans). Humans use chemistry to store their encoding symbols in a sequence that can be read and decoded. They require chemistry, but are not OF chemistry. And so, when we see encoded symbols stored in DNA molecules we know that they "require" DNA to exist, but the encoded symbols can not possibly be "of" DNA, because in all of our past experimentation and observation, we have never seen information produced by the chemistry that stores it, whether it be paper and ink, chiseled grooves in rock, magnetic orientation on vinyl tape, holes punched in cards, etc. To think otherwise would be counter to scientific truth.awstar
May 2, 2014
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A few more highly regarded Chemist who know that there is more to life than chemistry "Origin of Life Interview with Dr. Thaxton" - video http://www.veoh.com/watch/v18500313nw9GKgCZ?h1=Charles+Thaxton+On+Biochemistry+ Dean Kenyon - video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHaMKP5eFNI Henry Schaefer - bio http://www.leaderu.com/offices/schaefer/bornagain77
May 1, 2014
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Groovamus:
This may seem like a trivial argument but of course a computer program requires chemistry – maybe Evolve could have been told. A computer program exists unusually on a hard drive, thumb drive, or some type of read/write or rewritable disk, all of which have required a stupendous amount of chemical manipulation and fabrication. Ferromagnetics, semiconductor, metal film, polymer.
Exactly. It's all chemistry, but there is a huge difference between the hardware and the software, neither of which evolution by random unguided processes can explain adequately. Or I guess I should say the explanation cannot be supported with experimental evidence. Anybody can think up an explanation, but testing it is another thing.tjguy
May 1, 2014
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RO DXY HDS FDLWS vs MY DOG HAS FLEAS You see, there's no difference between those two sets of strings. They're both merely "just characters." Information? What information? There's nothing to explain. Evolve can't be serious. I suspect he doesn't believe a word of what he says. That would make him utterly stupid. Well, on the other hand maybe he does.CentralScrutinizer
May 1, 2014
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Eric, exactly. Somehow, it's become an anthropic fallacy if we don't decide what can and can't be a representation. The remainder of the living kingdom, with their silly pheromones and antennae will probably be interested in what we decide.Upright BiPed
May 1, 2014
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groovamos: Indeed. In fact, if we look at chemistry broadly, it can be said to cover all kinds of matter. There is no fundamental distinction between iron, copper, wood, stone, or adenine, thymine, guanine or cytosine in their ability to store symbols representing information. It's all chemistry! :)Eric Anderson
May 1, 2014
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This may seem like a trivial argument but of course a computer program requires chemistry - maybe Evolve could have been told. A computer program exists unusually on a hard drive, thumb drive, or some type of read/write or rewritable disk, all of which have required a stupendous amount of chemical manipulation and fabrication. Ferromagnetics, semiconductor, metal film, polymer.groovamos
May 1, 2014
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Moreover, the classical information encoded in DNA and in computers, classical information which people endlessly squabble over here on UD, is found to be a subset of this 'non-local' quantum information by the following method:
Quantum knowledge cools computers: New understanding of entropy – June 2011 Excerpt: No heat, even a cooling effect; In the case of perfect classical knowledge of a computer memory (zero entropy), deletion of the data requires in theory no energy at all. The researchers prove that “more than complete knowledge” from quantum entanglement with the memory (negative entropy) leads to deletion of the data being accompanied by removal of heat from the computer and its release as usable energy. This is the physical meaning of negative entropy. Renner emphasizes, however, “This doesn’t mean that we can develop a perpetual motion machine.” The data can only be deleted once, so there is no possibility to continue to generate energy. The process also destroys the entanglement, and it would take an input of energy to reset the system to its starting state. The equations are consistent with what’s known as the second law of thermodynamics: the idea that the entropy of the universe can never decrease. Vedral says “We’re working on the edge of the second law. If you go any further, you will break it.” http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110601134300.htm
And this 'non-local' information is conserved
Quantum no-hiding theorem experimentally confirmed for first time – March 2011 Excerpt: In the classical world, information can be copied and deleted at will. In the quantum world, however, the conservation of quantum information means that information cannot be created nor destroyed. http://phys.org/news/2011-03-quantum-no-hiding-theorem-experimentally.html Quantum no-deleting theorem Excerpt: A stronger version of the no-cloning theorem and the no-deleting theorem provide permanence to quantum information. To create a copy one must import the information from some part of the universe and to delete a state one needs to export it to another part of the universe where it will continue to exist. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_no-deleting_theorem#Consequence
The implications of finding 'non-local', conserved, quantum information to be 'holding life together' are fairly obvious:
Stuart Hameroff – Does Quantum Biology Support A Quantum Soul? – video https://vimeo.com/29895068
Verse, Poem, and Music
John 10:10 "The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy. I came that they may have life and have it abundantly." There Is More Once I saw a very old Godly man who, being very near death, had Become deaf, blind and invalid; Yet somehow he glowed happily Then it occurred to me... There is more to see than the light we see with our eyes There is more to behold than to watch setting skies There is more to hear than the airwaves of sound There is more to stand on than to stand on the ground There is more to feel than what we can touch with our skin There is more to all things, things that come from deeper within Then I saw a miserly old rich man who had angrily driven away his family Now he was in a coma, in his mansion, with no one around who loved him Then it occurred to me... There is more to the hurt of a word than to sticks and stones There is more to people than just skin and bones There is more to a home than bricks, steel, and lumber There is more to waking up than rising from slumber There is more to riches than having gold piled high There is more to living than just being alive Then I saw a Godly young woman full of compassion Working with homeless people helping them get off the street Then it occurred to me... There is more to loving than the warmth of feeling good There is more to understanding than a fact being understood There is more to work with than the tools of our crafts There is more to cleaning up than taking a bath There is more to freedom than having no prison walls There is more to poverty than having no stuff at all Then I saw a bitter old man who angrily didn't believe in Miracles at all and thinks that this cold world is all there is Then it occurred to me... There is more to being dead than a body in a tomb There is more to being born than coming out of a womb There is more to heaven than all the stars above There is more to Jesus Christ than a distant example of God's love There is more to learning than books teach us in schools And there is more to walking with God than keeping TEN rules Then I got home at the end of the day Went into my room and quietly prayed Lord, If there is more than a lesson to my heart You could teach Would You teach me to see spiritually to add depth to my reach And Lord, If there is more than a gift to this world You might give Would You give the miracle that in all hearts Your light would live Steven Curtis Chapman - More to this Life http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ndbma-BQJK8
bornagain77
May 1, 2014
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In fact, atoms (and photons) are now found to reduce to, of all things, information.
How Teleportation Will Work - Excerpt: In 1993, the idea of teleportation moved out of the realm of science fiction and into the world of theoretical possibility. It was then that physicist Charles Bennett and a team of researchers at IBM confirmed that quantum teleportation was possible, but only if the original object being teleported was destroyed. — As predicted, the original photon no longer existed once the replica was made. http://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/teleportation1.htm Ions have been teleported successfully for the first time by two independent research groups Excerpt: In fact, copying isn’t quite the right word for it. In order to reproduce the quantum state of one atom in a second atom, the original has to be destroyed. This is unavoidable – it is enforced by the laws of quantum mechanics, which stipulate that you can’t ‘clone’ a quantum state. In principle, however, the ‘copy’ can be indistinguishable from the original (that was destroyed),,, http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/Issues/2004/October/beammeup.asp Atom takes a quantum leap – 2009 Excerpt: Ytterbium ions have been ‘teleported’ over a distance of a metre.,,, “What you’re moving is information, not the actual atoms,” says Chris Monroe, from the Joint Quantum Institute at the University of Maryland in College Park and an author of the paper. But as two particles of the same type differ only in their quantum states, the transfer of quantum information is equivalent to moving the first particle to the location of the second. http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/2171769/posts Quantum Teleportation of a Human? – video https://vimeo.com/75163272
But, as if that was not bad enough to give a materialist a restless night, there is found to be another layer of information in life which is not present in the atoms alone. First it is important to note the information content in a cell when looking at it from a thermodynamic perspective:
“a one-celled bacterium, e. coli, is estimated to contain the equivalent of 100 million pages of Encyclopedia Britannica. Expressed in information in science jargon, this would be the same as 10^12 bits of information. In comparison, the total writings from classical Greek Civilization is only 10^9 bits, and the largest libraries in the world – The British Museum, Oxford Bodleian Library, New York Public Library, Harvard Widenier Library, and the Moscow Lenin Library – have about 10 million volumes or 10^12 bits.” – R. C. Wysong 'The information content of a simple cell has been estimated as around 10^12 bits, comparable to about a hundred million pages of the Encyclopedia Britannica." Carl Sagan, "Life" in Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropaedia (1974 ed.), pp. 893-894 Moleular Biophysics – Information theory. Relation between information and entropy: - Setlow-Pollard, Ed. Addison Wesley Excerpt: Linschitz gave the figure 9.3 x 10^12 cal/deg or 9.3 x 10^12 x 4.2 joules/deg for the entropy of a bacterial cell. Using the relation H = S/(k In 2), we find that the information content is 4 x 10^12 bits. Morowitz' deduction from the work of Bayne-Jones and Rhees gives the lower value of 5.6 x 10^11 bits, which is still in the neighborhood of 10^12 bits. Thus two quite different approaches give rather concordant figures. http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/~angel/tsb/molecular.htm
Professor McIntosh comments on the need for information to explain why the cell is so far out of thermodynamic equilibrium in the following paper
Information and Thermodynamics in Living Systems - Andy C. McIntosh - Professor of Thermodynamics University of Leeds (which I read is the highest teaching/research rank in the U.K.) - May 2013 Excerpt: The third view then that we have proposed in this paper is the top down approach. In this paradigm, the information is non-material and constrains the local thermodynamics to be in a non-equilibrium state of raised free energy. It is the information which is the active ingredient, and the matter and energy are passive to the laws of thermodynamics within the system. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789814508728_0008
And indeed we find non material, 'non-local', information in the cell:
Quantum entanglement holds together life’s blueprint - 2010 Excerpt: When the researchers analysed the DNA without its helical structure, they found that the electron clouds were not entangled. But when they incorporated DNA’s helical structure into the model, they saw that the electron clouds of each base pair became entangled with those of its neighbours. “If you didn’t have entanglement, then DNA would have a simple flat structure, and you would never get the twist that seems to be important to the functioning of DNA,” says team member Vlatko Vedral of the University of Oxford. http://neshealthblog.wordpress.com/2010/09/15/quantum-entanglement-holds-together-lifes-blueprint/ Coherent Intrachain energy migration at room temperature - Elisabetta Collini and Gregory Scholes - University of Toronto - Science, 323, (2009), pp. 369-73 Excerpt: The authors conducted an experiment to observe quantum coherence dynamics in relation to energy transfer. The experiment, conducted at room temperature, examined chain conformations, such as those found in the proteins of living cells. Neighbouring molecules along the backbone of a protein chain were seen to have coherent energy transfer. Where this happens quantum decoherence (the underlying tendency to loss of coherence due to interaction with the environment) is able to be resisted, and the evolution of the system remains entangled as a single quantum state. http://www.scimednet.org/quantum-coherence-living-cells-and-protein/ Quantum Entanglement and Information Quantum entanglement is a physical resource, like energy, associated with the peculiar nonclassical correlations that are possible between separated quantum systems. Entanglement can be measured, transformed, and purified. A pair of quantum systems in an entangled state can be used as a quantum information channel to perform computational and cryptographic tasks that are impossible for classical systems. The general study of the information-processing capabilities of quantum systems is the subject of quantum information theory. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-entangle/
bornagain77
May 1, 2014
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Materialists simply cannot see that they have no foundation in science. Evolve wants to say life is 'all chemistry':
"It’s all chemistry, Eric. And chemical reactions happen spontaneously on their own as you witness every second."
Here are a couple of chemists that would strongly disagree with Evolve that life is 'just chemistry',,
Top Ten Most Cited Chemist in the World Knows That Evolution Doesn't Work - James Tour, Phd. - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A15p8f3wDM0 “I build molecules for a living, I can’t begin to tell you how difficult that job is. I stand in awe of God because of what he has done through his creation. Only a rookie who knows nothing about science would say science takes away from faith. If you really study science, it will bring you closer to God." James Tour – one of the leading nano-tech engineers in the world - Strobel, Lee (2000), The Case For Faith, p. 111 Dr. David Humphreys – The Origin of Life – video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozcmkD_f7bA The vastness, beauty, orderliness, of the heavenly bodies, the excellent structure of animals and plants; and the other phenomena of nature justly induce an intelligent and unprejudiced observer to conclude a supremely powerful, just, and good author. — Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691), father of experimental chemistry
Moreover, as Michael Denton recently pointed out in his paper in Bio-Complexity, the chemistry of life gives every indication of being 'fine-tuned' for air breathing life in particular,
The Place of Life and Man in Nature: Defending the Anthropocentric Thesis - Michael J. Denton - February 25, 2013 Excerpt Summary (page 11): Many of the properties of the key members of Henderson’s vital ensemble —water, oxygen, CO2, HCO3 —are in several instances fit specifically for warm-blooded, air-breathing organisms such as ourselves. These include the thermal properties of water, its low viscosity, the gaseous nature of oxygen and CO2 at ambient temperatures, the inertness of oxygen at ambient temperatures, and the bicarbonate buffer, with its anomalous pKa value and the elegant means of acid-base regulation it provides for air-breathing organisms. Some of their properties are irrelevant to other classes of organisms or even maladaptive. It is very hard to believe there could be a similar suite of fitness for advanced carbon-based life forms.,, There are no alternative physiological designs in the domain of carbon-based life that can achieve the high metabolic activity manifest in man and other higher organisms. http://bio-complexity.org/ojs/index.php/main/article/view/BIO-C.2013.1/BIO-C.2013.1 “Dr. Michael Denton on Evidence of Fine-Tuning in the Universe” (Remarkable balance of various key elements for life) – podcast http://intelligentdesign.podomatic.com/entry/2012-08-21T14_43_59-07_00 Michael Denton: Remarkable Coincidences in Photosynthesis - podcast http://www.idthefuture.com/2012/09/michael_denton_remarkable_coin.html
Moreover, if one takes a closer look at the atoms which perform the chemistry that Evolve is so enamored with, one finds that, contrary to materialistic thought, they are far more complex than anyone dared imagine,,
Delayed time zero in photoemission: New record in time measurement accuracy - June 2010 Excerpt: Although they could confirm the effect qualitatively using complicated computations, they came up with a time offset of only five attoseconds. The cause of this discrepancy may lie in the complexity of the neon atom, which consists, in addition to the nucleus, of ten electrons. "The computational effort required to model such a many-electron system exceeds the computational capacity of today's supercomputers," explains Yakovlev. http://www.physorg.com/news196606514.html
Moreover, one finds that there is no solid material particle in the atoms as materialists, since the ancient Greeks, had presupposed:
Just how small is an atom? – Jonathan Bergmann – video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I
And although, despite the atom being shown to be somewhere around 99.99999999999999% empty space, it was still presumed, in the video, that the nucleus and electron of the atom are ‘solid’ material particles. That presumption simply is not so. For anyone who still believes that atoms are composed of little billiard ball type particles (i.e. Reductive Materialism as it was conceived of by ancient Greeks and was only recently overturned last century), the following images will cure you of that false materialistic notion:
Photographs of atoms, produced by the scanning tunnel microscope http://physics.unipune.ernet.in/~spm/images/image.gif http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/files/us-flinte/stm15.jpg
bornagain77
May 1, 2014
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Chemistry from Nothing boom. Life from Chemisty boom boom. Consciousness from Life boom boom boom. Anyone want to guess boom boom boom boom? Can only guess. Don't get me wrong, not 3 or 4 or more "gaps" to be explained. One guided process to be explained.ppolish
May 1, 2014
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LOL. I meant dot. :PQuerius
May 1, 2014
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[Querius rejoicing] This is a difficult subject. A pile of random-looking rocks might indeed contain a message just like knots on a string or pulses of electrons. Lessee, starting from the white rock and going clockwise, a larger rock is a dash and a smaller rock (than the previous one) is a dash. -QQuerius
May 1, 2014
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i won't re-post what i posted in that other thread :) Everyone rejoice!Mung
May 1, 2014
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Thanks, Ho-De-Ho. Good thoughts. Much of the problem seems to be with people who have trouble distinguishing between (i) that true fact that living systems utilize chemistry, and (ii) the incorrect idea that living systems are merely chemistry. My guess is that part of the problem is that biochemistry is not something we deal with on a daily basis, so people may not have a real clear grasp of what is going on. Compound this superficial understanding with the general vague idea that it is all just a bunch of chemicals reacting, and we might be tempted to think life is just chemistry in action. One would hope, however, that a moment's reflection would be adequate to see that it is not just chemistry we are dealing with. If we get out of the realm of the mysterious, largely-unseen world of chemistry, it might be easier for people to grasp. If I open a book with one of Shakespeare's works and ask where the information came from in the book, we would hardly accept the answer "Well, it is just ink and paper -- no different from random scribblings on a page or an ink blot from a spilled ink well." If we were excavating ancient ruins and came across a message carved in stone and asked "Whence the message?" we would be singularly unimpressed with the retort, "It's all just stone. No different from any of the other rocks that are strewn around these mountains." The fact that living systems use chemistry and that the information in life is instantiated in biomolecules is utterly irrelevant to explaining either (i) how life arose and continues, or (ii) where the information in life came from.Eric Anderson
May 1, 2014
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Like Ho-De-Ho, I also posted my response to Evolve on the other thread. I'll post it here as well --------------------------- Hello Evolve, I'm glad to see you've returned to try and make sense of your position. Let's see what you've come up with.
Computer code and language may require chemistry to exist (since they are created by humans), but they’re not chemical molecules themselves. Whereas DNA is a chemical. That’s the whole point.
Your first sentence says that computer codes and language may require chemistry because they are made by humans. This is nonsensical to me. Computer codes and languages require matter as a medium to input representations into a system capable of producing a specified effect. This is no different than any other instance of recorded information; whether that information is the product of a human or not has nothing whatsoever to do with it. A representation is an arrangement of matter that evokes an effect within a system, where the arrangement of the medium and the effect it evokes are physicochemically arbitrary. The presence of a representation is one of the four material conditions required to translate recorded information into a material effect. And frankly, its horrible anthropocentric to suggest that only humans create or use representations. Moreover, its completely divorced from reality. Your second sentence says that DNA is a chemical, and that's the whole distinction you'd like to point out. But yet again, this is nonsensical. Firstly, DNA and the genetic code are not the same thing. DNA is the medium by which representations are inputted into a system capable of producing a specified effect. As stated before, the genetic code is the set of physicochemically arbitrary relationships instantiated in the system. They are established by the preservation of the discontinuity between the arrangement of the medium and the effect produced by the system. Once again, this is no different than any other semiotic system even demonstrated to exist. You've articulated no distinction. Look Evolve, I understand the zero-concession policy you are forced to abide by in the materialists mindset. But there is no sense in you taking positions that are woefully untenable - by anyone's standards. If you can't allow yourself to come to an accurate understanding of these issues from a ID proponent, then by all means, turn to a materialist and open your ears. I would suggest the writings of the physicist Howard Pattee as a good place to start. He's been researching the physics of semiotic control for 50 years. cheers...Upright BiPed
May 1, 2014
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I had just posted something on the RNA thread and then this thread appeared and I wondered whether I should have posted my comments here instead. So without further ado... While I respect and endeavour to find the merits in all points of view, I have to admit that I struggle with the “Life is just chemistry” argument. I do not wish to sound combative or sneering as these are ghastly qualities which undermine the dignity of all parties. I shall merely state my reasons. While it could be argued in the broadest sense that Life is just chemistry (and no doubt physics too), that broad line of approach could equally describe a bridge or a petrol engine or my sofa. Each of these things is made of chemical properties which are as they are due to the nature of their chemical reactions. If those reactions could never take place then the materials could never in the first place be engineered so as to be assembled into the final product. If one wishes to reduce a bridge down to individual atoms then chemistry is certainly at the heart of it. The thing is, that when I behold a bridge I know that something more is involved than just the chemistry and physics. That something is information. I do not say ‘Intelligence’, because the bridge is not actually intelligent of itself, but it is pieced together in an informed way that capitalises on the laws of chemistry and physics. The information does not of itself dwell within the materials and must therefore come from without, which of course we all recognize is some brainy person like Kingdom Brunell. Physics, Chemistry and Information make a bridge. Yet if I grind it up and examine it under a microscope it will be ‘Just chemistry.’ Evolve gave quite a nice definition of code I thought. “A computer code or language is just a script that represents something.” That is tidily put, although I fear that I would draw a different conclusion from that definition with regards to DNA. Consider the genes and wotnot on a strand of DNA which are transcribed to make an arm, for instance. The genes are not an arm, but are a representation of said arm. And if we smashed up the DNA so that we just had all of its chemicals, nothing would give us any inclination of an arm at all. In this respect I think Evolve is broadly correct in saying that a code has no physical existence. (Although maybe it is the ‘idea’ that the code produces that doesn’t possess any physicality.) Information certainly isn’t a chemical molecule. It can, as has been noted, be impressed upon or use chemical molecules. It is also real. So from whence does it come? Therefore, not all things around us can be accurately summed up as just chemistry. In summary then I find this to be the case. DNA is chemistry and abides by the rules of chemistry but it would appear to be an informed use of these laws that make it capable of representing an idea or plan which the cellular machinery develops into a reality. And that is why I think that it is not foolish nor inaccurate for people to refer to it as a code. That is my take anyway.Ho-De-Ho
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