Uncommon Descent Serving The Intelligent Design Community

We Have a Live One, Folks — Information Redux

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My first post on UD, a mere 6 weeks ago, covered some basic principles about information.

Specifically, I addressed the misunderstandings of those who deny that there is anything special about the information contained in, say, DNA, as opposed to a pile of rocks or Saturn’s rings.  We had a very productive discussion, with a number of issues explored.  (Incidentally, I used the word “contain” as a shorthand way of expressing what Mung suggested we call “sequences of symbols” that “represent information.”  I’m fine with that longer formulation, as we are saying the same thing substantively.  Any nuance there isn’t germane to the point of today’s brief post.)

As we were winding up the thread, Mung asked if I had any sources of people who espoused the “information everywhere” view.  Unfortunately, I haven’t kept track of all the times I’ve heard this issue, though a number of other commenters on the thread indicated they had been exposed to similar claims from the anti-ID side.

Well, fast forward to today.  On vjtorley’s recent thread about RNA, the issue of information content came up.

Evolve claimed to Upright Biped, in part:

Your mud is nothing but a collection of molecules. So is life. Your mud has chemistry, so does life. How did inanimate chemistry (found in mud) transform into biochemistry (found in life) is all that needs to be figured out.

To which I responded, in part:

False. Blatantly, patently, utterly false.

Life is most certainly not “nothing but a collection of molecules.”

Evolve also asserted:

Creationists are likening biochemistry (which is perceived as information in life) to man-made codes like computer software and language. They, as a group, seem incapable of realizing that computer software and human language lack any chemistry whatsoever!

To which I responded:

No-one has to pretend that they perceive information in life. It is there. Objectively so. And things like the genetic code were not made up by creationists. It is called a code because it is one.

As to your last sentence, you are demonstrating that you have virtually no grasp of the issues at hand. The question is not whether chemistry is involved. Everyone knows it is. Everyone (who has any understanding of what they are talking about) also knows that simple “chemistry” on its own explains neither the origin of life nor its ongoing existence. Surely you are not really taking the position that information and coding cannot be placed into biochemical strings because we are dealing with “chemistry”?

After a day passed, I wondered if Evolve would recognize he was going down a bad path and quietly back down.

Unfortunately, unwilling to follow the time-honored advice — “If you find you’ve dug yourself into a hole, stop digging.” — Evolve stepped up with another shovel full this afternoon:

If there’s information in life, then there’s information in dissolving salt in a glass of water! It’s all chemistry, Eric. And chemical reactions happen spontaneously on their own as you witness every second.

One molecule reacts with another molecule under certain conditions to make a product. Done. That’s it.

So there you have it.  It’s all just chemistry.  One molecule reacts with another and, ta-da!, life as we know it.  Nothing to explain here.  No information to see.  Move along folks.

A live example of utter failure to appreciate what is going on in living systems.  A refusal to acknowledge the gaping information chasm that separates any old “collection of molecules” from something like DNA.  A claim that if there is information in DNA, then there is also information in “dissolving salt in a glass of water,” because, hey, “it’s all chemistry.”

Mung, you can add this to your reference list.

Evolve, I apologize if this is coming across too harshly.  If you are genuinely interested in this issue, please read the prior thread in detail and think through the question of why researchers across the spectrum acknowledge that information is one of the keys to life — something that makes a fundamental difference between a living cell and salt dissolving in water.

Comments
Both you and upright missed where I explained what is arbitrary in that system apparently. The evolution of the system is explained by chemistry, the current function of the system is explained by chemistry, but the direct correlation between a specific codon and a specific amino acid is arbitrary and has nothing to really do with this conversation. It is the same as the evolution of D/L molecules, the actual "choice" that occurred was arbitrary, but chemistry can explain why this choice was made at that time in the course of evolution. I fear I am simply not explaining this well enough, or you guys simply do not have enough background in chemistry/biology/etc. Probably both.AVS
May 5, 2014
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But what about the rest of the tRNA molecule, Joe? Is the rest of it the same? No it’s not. Like I said, the chemical relationship between codon and amino acid is represented by the tRNA molecule. And it is not a “brief child’s game of electricity-type connection” it is hydrogen bonding between codon/anti-codon in the first site of the ribosome, and then subsequent chemical interactions as the tRNA moves to the next sites in the ribosome. The coupling of Hydrogen ion passage and ATP synthesis is actually purely physiochemical.AVS
May 5, 2014
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BTW AVS, In case you missed it, if the genetic code is arbitrary then it cannot be explained with chemistry.Joe
May 5, 2014
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Because these things are not killing the cell, Barb, they are therefore organized? Did you ask a toddler for help with that idea? Did I say the cell wasn’t complex? No. I said it is highly disordered. Barb, you really have no idea what you are talking about. Do yourself a favor and stop.AVS
May 5, 2014
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AVS:
Everything that occurs in the cell operates according to chemistry and can be explained with chemistry.
Well if that could only be demonstrated you wouldn't be having this discussion. So how about producing some evidence instead of asking us to prove you wrong.Joe
May 5, 2014
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AVS:
The chemical relationship between codon and amino acid would be the tRNA molecule.
That is the carrier of the amino acid. And its hook is the same for all of them- that is the part that connects to the amino acid, ie the CCA tail. There isn't any chemical relationship between the codons and the amino acid. There may be a brief child's game of electricty-type connection, but that may be about it. I bet you play that game at recess- you know get all the kids to connect and then touch something and pretend as if the entire chain is touching it.
There most certainly is a physio-chemical relationship between the F0 and F1 subunits, their interactions are favored due to a high binding affinity because of complementary shape and noncovalent interactions.
OK I was wrong. It wasn't the subunits, it is the processes of the subunits that are unrelated from a purely physiochemical stand point. The first is H+ ext -> H+ int (flow of protons down a electrochemical gradient) and the next is ADP + P(i)->ATP + H2OJoe
May 5, 2014
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Eric, AVS has already conceded that the example provided cannot be completely explained by chemistry. The fact that he doesn't recognize his concession is unfortunate, but that's another story.Upright BiPed
May 5, 2014
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Ah yes, so you answered my question with another question. You're quite the philosopher. As I said, ALL processes are explained through chemistry. Feel free to name one that isn't. Everything that occurs in the cell operates according to chemistry and can be explained with chemistry. You're "exceedingly simple and straightforward questions" are useless in a conversation about biology. You really cannot compare the processes of biology to inanimate objects at this level.AVS
May 5, 2014
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as to:
Can anyone come up with a process that occurs in the human body that isn’t completely explained through chemistry?
Yes!
Does DNA Have Telepathic Properties?-A Galaxy Insight - 2009 Excerpt: DNA has been found to have a bizarre ability to put itself together, even at a distance, when according to known science it shouldn't be able to.,,, The recognition of similar sequences in DNA’s chemical subunits, occurs in a way unrecognized by science. There is no known reason why the DNA is able to combine the way it does, and from a current theoretical standpoint this feat should be chemically impossible. http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2009/04/does-dna-have-t.html DNA Can Discern Between Two Quantum States, Research Shows - June 2011 Excerpt: -- DNA -- can discern between quantum states known as spin. - The researchers fabricated self-assembling, single layers of DNA attached to a gold substrate. They then exposed the DNA to mixed groups of electrons with both directions of spin. Indeed, the team's results surpassed expectations: The biological molecules reacted strongly with the electrons carrying one of those spins, and hardly at all with the others. The longer the molecule, the more efficient it was at choosing electrons with the desired spin, while single strands and damaged bits of DNA did not exhibit this property. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110331104014.htm Quantum Information/Entanglement In DNA - Elisabeth Rieper - short video http://www.metacafe.com/watch/5936605/ Looking beyond space and time to cope with quantum theory - 29 October 2012 Excerpt: To derive their inequality, which sets up a measurement of entanglement between four particles, the researchers considered what behaviours are possible for four particles that are connected by influences that stay hidden and that travel at some arbitrary finite speed.,,, "Our result gives weight to the idea that quantum correlations somehow arise from outside spacetime, in the sense that no story in space and time can describe them," http://www.quantumlah.org/highlight/121029_hidden_influences.php
Perhaps you would like to posit a non-local, beyond space and time, cause to explain quantum entanglement in molecular biology?bornagain77
May 5, 2014
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AVS continues,
In reality, the cell is pretty much a mess. Chemical reactions do not go in one direction, they are often reversible and reactions that have the opposite effect are always occuring simultaneously.
Chemical reactions that are reversible and simultaneous is evidence of disorganization. But if all those chemical reactions are occurring simultaneously without disruption to the cell’s other workings and without destroying the cell, isn’t that organization? And if these chemical reactions are happening simultaneously in all cells in an organism (say a human, with 100 trillion cells) without anything bad happening to the cells or the organism, isn’t that evidence of organization? The .pdf of the book I linked to described “molecular machines” as being within a cell. If they’re similar to machines, then logically the cell could be likened to a factory. Factories have controlled entrances and exits (cell membrane), transportation from one end of the factory to another, communications networks, a way of getting energy to run the factory (each cell has its own power plant), waste disposal and recycling, and management (the nucleus). That’s not organized?
Yes, one protein may function by binding another protein, but that protein is also capable of binding a number of other proteins with varying affinities and maybe even inducing a change in that protein. The cell is not nearly as ordered as your high school biology teacher portrayed it as, that is simply the easiest way to present the information.
Possibly, but then again, scientists have acknowledged the cell’s complexity. “The cell,” says science writer Rick Gore, “has turned out to be a microuniverse.” [National Geographic, Sept. 1976, p. 358] Philip Hanawalt, assistant professor of genetics and molecular biology at Stanford University, says: “The normal growth of even the simplest living cell requires that tens of thousands of chemical reactions occur in coordinated fashion.” He also states: “The programmed accomplishments of these tiny chemical factories go far beyond the capabilities of the scientist in his laboratory.” [“Molecules to Living Cells”, Scientific American, February 1980].Barb
May 5, 2014
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AVS: "So, EA, you can’t come up with anything that isnt’ explained by chemistry? Ok." Let's make sure you are reading properly before you get cute. I said: "If we were making lists, we might want to start with processes that occur in the human body that are “completely explained through chemistry,” as that list would be much shorter." So far, you haven't offered an example of any system in the human body that is "completely explained by chemistry." So far, we have given you ample reason to realize why many are not. Also, be careful you aren't changing your statements. The issue is whether things can be "completely" explained by chemistry and whether biological systems are "merely" chemistry. No-one has every disputed that chemistry is "relevant to" or "utilized by" biochemical systems. You are also making the very specific logical mistake of thinking that because things operate in accordance with chemistry that they are explained by chemistry. That is a difference that you need to grasp. It relates both to a system's origin, as well as its overall function. The reason I asked you the questions I did in #67 -- exceedingly simple and straight-forward questions -- is that there needs to be a foundational up-front understanding of some very basic issues before we proceed.Eric Anderson
May 5, 2014
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So, EA, you can't come up with anything that isnt' explained by chemistry? Ok. And I'm willing to bet that the entire field of origin of life research would disagree with you on the "because chemistry doesn’t adequately explain the origin of life" thing. In fact the study of the origin of life is entirely based on chemistry. Yes, "chance" I guess you could say is involved as far as what molecules happen upon each other, but it is all chemistry, as is everything else. Chemical molecules have emergent properties that come about due to their functional groups, and these molecules are the basis for life and the formation of life. Yes, look at your phone and see that there is an intelligent designer, but as I said, there is a very distinct difference between the organization of the chemistry in your phone and in one of your cells. In my opinion, this is where the comparison of life to intelligently designed things, fails.AVS
May 5, 2014
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AVS:
Can anyone come up with a process that occurs in the human body that isn’t completely explained through chemistry? I can’t seem to.
If we were making lists, we might want to start with processes that occur in the human body that are "completely explained through chemistry," as that list would be much shorter. In addition to the good responses by others above, let me ask you to consider a few questions: - Is there any difference between the question you wrote @46 and a random string of letters? - Is there any difference between a written page of Darwin's The Origin and ink blots on a piece of paper? - Is there any difference between a functioning jet engine and a pile of jet engine parts? - Is there any difference between DNA and a random string of nucleotides? Chemistry (and physics) operates in all situations. Chemistry by itself neither causes nor explains the differences between the above items. The whole reason there is, for example, a concerted origin of life research program is because chemistry doesn't adequately explain the origin of life. It is well recognized that there is something else at work, whether intelligence or chance. I'm not sure how else to help you get over the hurdle. Maybe the best thing you can do is just take some time on your own to think through a lot of examples in the real world. Consider functional systems you see as you go about your day. Be willing to consider that there is something else going on besides brute chemistry and physics at work. Be open to the evidence and don't be afraid to follow it where it leads.Eric Anderson
May 5, 2014
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Ah yes barb, this is a common misconception of the typical young biology student. The idea that cells are highly ordered is a bit untrue. This comes from books, like the one you have linked to, typically presenting a biological pathway as a linear diagram. The typical biology book hugely oversimplifies what is really going on in the cell. In reality, the cell is pretty much a mess. Chemical reactions do not go in one direction, they are often reversible and reactions that have the opposite effect are always occuring simultaneously. Yes, one protein may function by binding another protein, but that protein is also capable of binding a number of other proteins with varying affinities and maybe even inducing a change in that protein. The cell is not nearly as ordered as your high school biology teacher portrayed it as, that is simply the easiest way to present the information.AVS
May 5, 2014
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I would assume that tRNA are charged by aaRS that recognize something specific to that tRNA, no? And it doesn't matter that CAU codes for Histidine specifically, it only matters that it codes for a single amino acid, making sure that that amino acid is added 99% of the time. Assigning CAU to hisitidine was arbitrary over the course of evolution, and it has been maintained since then. Th initial evolution of the CAU-histidine relationship can be explained through chemistry, but we were not referring to that, we were referring to the current use of specific amino acids with specific codons. Congratulations on taking quotes out of context yet again.AVS
May 5, 2014
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AVS @ 60:
From my general understanding about computers, I would say they are highly ordered and somewhat complex, however the cell is highly disordered while highly complex.
Why describe cells as "highly disordered"? It seems that quite a bit of organization is required for cells to function (http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/majorsbio/Brooker_1e/web/brooker_ch_6_sample.pdf)Barb
May 5, 2014
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Once again AVS thanks for the broad brush-stroke answer. As for being nice, I'm afraid that I was tutored relentlessly on the use of a conciliatory tone and thoughtful respect of all opinions whether one agrees with them or not. You are right though about the internet tone, it does occasionally get folks thinking I am quirky and eccentric. Don't get me wrong by the way, I can enjoy watching others going at it hammer and tongs in a forum debate, but so often it stoops inadvertently to personal remarks and then genuine insight takes to wing and scarpers over the horizon. After that, everything becomes utter bilge. Pleasure sharing a few posts with you AVS. Have a good evening.Ho-De-Ho
May 5, 2014
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everything can be explained with chemistry
It doesn’t matter that it is arbitrary
:|Upright BiPed
May 5, 2014
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AVS,
The chemical relationship between codon and amino acid would be the tRNA molecule.
The relationship between codon and amino acid is not established by the physical structure of tRNA. It’s established in temporal and spatial isolation by the physical structure of the protein aaRS, thereby preserving the necessary discontinuity between the medium of information and its translated effect.
It doesn’t matter that it is arbitrary
A more clear example of cognitive bias would be hard to imagine.Upright BiPed
May 5, 2014
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Don't be so nice Ho-de, this is the internet and you make me feel bad about being an ass to people here. Anyways I'll hit you with another straightforward answer. From my general understanding about computers, I would say they are highly ordered and somewhat complex, however the cell is highly disordered while highly complex. I am glossing over things a lot here, so don't look to closely at what I say. Everything is relative, I guess.AVS
May 5, 2014
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Thank you AVS for such a straightforward response. I respect that a lot. I will have to think about what you say for a while. For sure others will not see eye-to-eye with you but that's why forums exist I suppose. If its not too much trouble AVS, could I ask what differences there are particularly, from your standpoint, between the organization of the chemistry? If you do not have the time I completely understand as I appreciate that you do have to field numerous questions leveled at your position. You answered my first question for which I am grateful, the second would be an unexpected bonus. Thank you AVS.Ho-De-Ho
May 5, 2014
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No, Ho-de, everything can be explained with chemistry/physics cells, computers, etc. When we look at these things though, it is the organization of the chemistry that is important. This is where the cell and a computer are completely different I think. I am not an expert on computers, though so I may be off the mark.AVS
May 5, 2014
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Hello AVS I think I can see your angle. Whenever we peep into a cell and ogle what is going on therein, we always explain it by reference to the physics and chemistry. So can anybody point to a part of the workings of the physical cell which is not related to chemistry? No, I don't think they can. But I do not think that is totally the argument of many on this thread, if I am understanding it properly (which of course I may not be.) For instance, in a crude and totally literal sense an every part of an oil painting could be completely explained by chemistry. Nowhere in the painting can one actually see the painter or even his idea. We can see the expression of the idea but not the actual thoughts inside their mind. Does that make it all purely chemistry? I think this is similar to the point being made. In fact, there is a better way to put it using your well expressed question in #52 if I may just tweak it a little. "The argument is that computers are not 'merely chemistry' and I am asking someone to point out one thing that occurs in a computer as a whole that is not completely explained through chemistry. Do we have one?" Please do not think that this is aiming to be a 'gotcha' question. I appreciate that many questions are not always asked with the most genuine of spirits. Your answer to this question may furnish a good deal of understanding between two camps points of view. May I ask that everyone be respectful of whatever answers others come up with, even if one cannot agree.Ho-De-Ho
May 5, 2014
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The chemical relationship between codon and amino acid would be the tRNA molecule. It doesn't matter that it is arbitrary, only that it is specific and conserved. There most certainly is a physio-chemical relationship between the F0 and F1 subunits, their interactions are favored due to a high binding affinity because of complementary shape and noncovalent interactions. This is exactly how the majority of multiple-subunits proteins come together.AVS
May 5, 2014
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Dionsio- You are correct, of course. Sometimes I just need a little entertainment I took me all of one second to think of two examples that meet AVS' criteria. And now I get to laugh at his attempt to dismiss them.Joe
May 5, 2014
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Oh AVS, you are such a choker. There isn't any chemical relationship between the nucleotides (codons) and the amino acids they represent. It is an arbitrary coding not dependent on chemstry nor physics. The codons do not chemically change to become the amino acids. You lose, again. As for ATP synthase there isn't any physio-chemical relationship between the two subunits. IOW they just don't come together due to some elctro-chemical attraction.Joe
May 5, 2014
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Dio, I suggest you stay out of this conversation. You haven't the slightest clue about anything biology related. See ya! =)AVS
May 5, 2014
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Aqeels, yes the cell is like a computer a certain level, but it is at an extremely low level. You can say that both have certain entities that carry out certain functions, but after that they are very different. The original argument was that we are not "merely chemistry" and I am asking someone to point out one thing that occurs in the cell or our bodies as a whole that is not completely explained through chemistry. I open to any suggestions, do you have one?AVS
May 5, 2014
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aqeels @ 48 Your time is too precious to be squandered on trying to talk to deaf ears.Dionisio
May 5, 2014
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Joe @ 47 Your time is too precious to be squandered on trying to talk to deaf ears.Dionisio
May 5, 2014
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