Uncommon Descent Serving The Intelligent Design Community

ARRRG! Enough Already With the “150 Years of Evidence” Bluff!!!

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David W. Gibson writes in a comment to a prior post:

Joe, I think you have identified the problem here. In order to make his case airtight (i.e. that no other possible process can produce his entailments), Upright BiPed must prove a negative [Editors, i.e. that only intelligent agents produce semiotic* systems]. And I think he realizes this, which is why he simply continues to assert this. When the number of possibilities is unknown, process of elimination is not a valid means of picking one. I’d be willing to bet that Bill et. al. feel that they have indeed identified an alternative process, backed by 150 years of increasingly detailed scientific research. Their alternative may not meet what you feel are the necessary requirements (chance and necessity), but it’s possible that there are MANY possible alternatives. Upright BiPed’s semiosis might be one, chance and necessity might be another, biological evolution might be a third. If the third alternative should happen to be correct, you can’t deem if false simply because it isn’t the second alternative! And if you are fixed on one of many possible alternatives, and unluckily you happened to pick the wrong one, you run the serious risk of dismissing evidence for the right alternative because if it’s not evidence for YOUR alternative, you may not realize that it’s evidence at all.

David, it is true that Darwinists have been working feverishly for over 150 years.  It is NOT true that they have demonstrated – I said “demonstrated,” not assumed – that a chance/necessity process can produce an abstract digital code.  On his side Upright Biped has common everyday experience demonstrated billions of times each day – intelligent agents routinely create abstract digital codes.  On their side Darwinists have 150 years of question begging.

Upright Biped does not assume the consequent.  Here is his logic.

1.  Intelligent agents are the only observed cause of semiotic systems.

2.  DNA is an example of a semiotic system.

3.  The best explanation for the existence of DNA is that an intelligent agent caused it.

Now certainly in response to this you can assert that it is not logically impossible for a chance based process to create a semiotic code, whether it is DNA or trillions of monkeys pounding on their proverbial typewriters.  In response to your response KF has demonstrated over and over and over again that with respect to the configuration space we are talking about, the size of the target (i.e., a meaningful digital code) is vanishingly small.

In other words, you are essentially saying, “Yea, intelligent agents routinely produce abstract digital codes, but maybe DNA was the result of pulling a needle out of a billion billion billion haystacks.  Or maybe some process we haven’t even conceived of created the code.”

David, the entire ID movement would go away tomorrow if you or anyone else were able to point to ONE instance where a semiotic system was observed to have been spontaneously generated by chance or necessity or a combination of both.  And when I say “observed” I mean “observed,” not inferred on the basis of question begging a priori assumption.

Don’t tell me there is 150 years of accumulated evidence.  That’s a bluff!  I call your bluff.  Show me one – just one; that’s all I ask – concrete example.

I won’t hold my breath.

 

*“Semiotics” is the study of signs and symbols.  In essence, Upright Biped’s argument is that the DNA code is an abstract symbol system and intelligent agents are the only known cause of abstract symbol systems.

Comments
But this does not mean an airplane IS a bird, anymore than DNA IS a “digital code” rather than an organic molecule. Better tell these guys that DNA is not digital: Every Bit Digital DNA’s Programming Really Bugs Some ID Critics - March 2010 Excerpt: In 2003 renowned biologist Leroy Hood and biotech guru David Galas authored a review article in the world’s leading scientific journal, Nature, titled, “The digital code of DNA.”,,, MIT Professor of Mechanical Engineering Seth Lloyd (no friend of ID) likewise eloquently explains why DNA has a “digital” nature: "It’s been known since the structure of DNA was elucidated that DNA is very digital. There are four possible base pairs per site, two bits per site, three and a half billion sites, seven billion bits of information in the human DNA. There’s a very recognizable digital code of the kind that electrical engineers rediscovered in the 1950s that maps the codes for sequences of DNA onto expressions of proteins." http://www.salvomag.com/new/articles/salvo12/12luskin2.php The Digital Code of DNA - 2003 - Leroy Hood & David Galas Excerpt: The discovery of the structure of DNA transformed biology profoundly, catalysing the sequencing of the human genome and engendering a new view of biology as an information science. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v421/n6921/full/nature01410.html ID Vindicated - August 17, 2012 Excerpt: Digital information is accumulating at an astounding rate, straining our ability to store and archive it. DNA is among the most dense and stable information media known. The development of new technologies in both DNA synthesis and sequencing make DNA an increasingly feasible digital storage medium. Here, we develop a strategy to encode arbitrary digital information in DNA, write a 5.27-megabit book using DNA microchips, and read the book using next-generation DNA sequencing. https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/id-vindicated/ Extremely Sophisticated Software Design In Cells - Stephen Meyer - video http://www.metacafe.com/watch/5495397/ Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life - Hubert P. Yockey, 2005 Excerpt: “Information, transcription, translation, code, redundancy, synonymous, messenger, editing, and proofreading are all appropriate terms in biology. They take their meaning from information theory (Shannon, 1948) and are not synonyms, metaphors, or analogies.” http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521802932&ss=exc Biophysicist Hubert Yockey determined that natural selection would have to explore 1.40 x 10^70 different genetic codes to discover the optimal universal genetic code that is found in nature. The maximum amount of time available for it to originate is 6.3 x 10^15 seconds. Natural selection would have to evaluate roughly 10^55 codes per second to find the one that is optimal. Put simply, natural selection lacks the time necessary to find the optimal universal genetic code we find in nature. (Fazale Rana, -The Cell's Design - 2008 - page 177)bornagain77
August 17, 2012
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"DNA does not “represent” an abstract code, anymore than airplanes lay eggs." David, the Central Dogma and the Ribosomes would like to dicker with your statement. While I think it is important to remember that DNA is a physical and structural object in its own right it is also too far to state that it does not 'represent' any manner of coding given what we know of things.Maus
August 17, 2012
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In essence, Upright Biped’s argument is that the DNA code is an abstract symbol system and intelligent agents are the only known cause of abstract symbol systems.
This is wonderfully clear and concise, and lets us get straight to the point. I appreciate that. Trying to be just as concise, I'll say that IF DNA were a "code" or "abstract" or a "symbol system" then this argument would be entirely correct. But, except in a metaphorical sense, DNA is none of these things. We can be astounded by the intricate complexity that the rules of chemistry permit, we might be intimidated by the challenge of figuring out a possible sequence of tiny steps over Deep Time during which that complexity developed, but this doesn't mean we have to throw up our hands and invoke untestable causes. And there are a good many mainstream biologists who regard this challenge as figuring out God's methods. If you were to argue that God set up the rules of chemistry and physics to make DNA eventually possible in His time frame, I wouldn't argue. That sounds reasonable to me.David W. Gibson
August 17, 2012
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Barry, I apologize for derailing the previous thread, and I appreciate your taking the time to start a more appropriate thread. Thanks. I find your presentation clear, and I hope I can produce a clear response...
Upright Biped does not assume the consequent. Here is his logic. 1. Intelligent agents are the only observed cause of semiotic systems. 2. DNA is an example of a semiotic system. 3. The best explanation for the existence of DNA is that an intelligent agent caused it.
OK, first off, I'm having difficulty pinning down just what Upright BiPed means by a semiotic system. Certainly his application of this term to chemical reactions is new to me. If chemistry is semiotic, then by the same definitiion just about everything imaginable can be considered semiotic. Now, I'm familiar with the claim that everything imaginable is in fact God's Handiwork, and that there is nothing possible in our universe that is NOT the product of His Design. But in that case, why single out chemistry? Unfortunately, if we are to constrain the notion of a semiotic system so that chemistry and physics aren't included, we have ipso facto ruled out biology as well, since biology is simply an application of chemistry and physics. My understanding of the term is that semiotic systems involve conversion into and back out of arbitrary symbolic representations. And by arbitrary, I mean that there is no "natural" relationship between the symbol and the object or idea symbolized. To put it another way, someone unfamiliar with the symbols would have no way to relate them to what they are intended to symbolize. And this is most emphatically not true in chemistry, not even in chemistry as complex as proteins and DNA. I don't dispute that information is transferred, anymore than I would dispute that falling raindrops transfer information about clouds. But neither process is in any way symbolic. And Upright BiPed's definition of semiosis, at least to me, clearly would encompass raindrops. Even moreso, ecological systems, weather systems, N-body gravitational systems, etc. ALL transfer information throughout these systems all the time. So again, if they are all semiotic systems, it would be hard to find a system that is NOT semiotic. If we are to require arbitrary symbolic representations, then none of these systems are any more symbolic than DNA, which after all is just an organic molecule which undergoes chemical reactions.
David, it is true that Darwinists have been working feverishly for over 150 years. It is NOT true that they have demonstrated – I said “demonstrated,” not assumed – that a chance/necessity process can produce an abstract digital code.
I have a couple of problems here. First, I don't understand your (and others') repetition of "chance and necessity". I don't know what this phrase is intended to convey. Consider my brief list of systems above. All of these are too complex to calculate predictively, because all of them are complex feedback processes with many variables, interacting and influencing one another dynamically all the time. So would you say these systems are "chance" or would you say they are "necessity" or are they something not well described by either term? Certainly biological evolution is found to be an extremely complex adaptive feedback system with elements of chance, of necessity, of coincidence, of contingency, and so on. How do you categorize extremely complex natural systems? As for whether DNA can be considered a "digital code", this strikes me as more of a metaphorical than a physical description. In some ways it's a good metaphor, and in some ways I think it's misleading. Airplanes and birds both fly, so flight is an apt comparison. But this does not mean an airplane IS a bird, anymore than DNA IS a "digital code" rather than an organic molecule. DNA does not "represent" an abstract code, anymore than airplanes lay eggs. Metaphors, while often helpful, have limitations that need to be recognized.David W. Gibson
August 17, 2012
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bornagain77:
Well, Did you break or suspend the laws of physics when you wrote your post?
No, he just broke wind and suspended all rational thought. Just sayin'Joe
August 17, 2012
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David W Gibson- I feel your pain, sincerly. I have learned, the hard way, something I already knew-> use Word to write your post so you have a copy, before submitting it, especially if it contains CSI...Joe
August 17, 2012
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Did that injection process break or suspend the laws of physics?
Well, Did you break or suspend the laws of physics when you wrote your post?
Book Review - Meyer, Stephen C. Signature in the Cell. New York: HarperCollins, 2009. Excerpt: As early as the 1960s, those who approached the problem of the origin of life from the standpoint of information theory and combinatorics observed that something was terribly amiss. Even if you grant the most generous assumptions: that every elementary particle in the observable universe is a chemical laboratory randomly splicing amino acids into proteins every Planck time for the entire history of the universe, there is a vanishingly small probability that even a single functionally folded protein of 150 amino acids would have been created. Now of course, elementary particles aren't chemical laboratories, nor does peptide synthesis take place where most of the baryonic mass of the universe resides: in stars or interstellar and intergalactic clouds. If you look at the chemistry, it gets even worse—almost indescribably so: the precursor molecules of many of these macromolecular structures cannot form under the same prebiotic conditions—they must be catalysed by enzymes created only by preexisting living cells, and the reactions required to assemble them into the molecules of biology will only go when mediated by other enzymes, assembled in the cell by precisely specified information in the genome. So, it comes down to this: Where did that information come from? The simplest known free living organism (although you may quibble about this, given that it's a parasite) has a genome of 582,970 base pairs, or about one megabit (assuming two bits of information for each nucleotide, of which there are four possibilities). Now, if you go back to the universe of elementary particle Planck time chemical labs and work the numbers, you find that in the finite time our universe has existed, you could have produced about 500 bits of structured, functional information by random search. Yet here we have a minimal information string which is (if you understand combinatorics) so indescribably improbable to have originated by chance that adjectives fail. http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/reading_list/indices/book_726.html This short sentence, "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog" is calculated by Winston Ewert, in this following video at the 10 minute mark, to contain 1000 bits of algorithmic specified complexity, and thus to exceed the Universal Probability Bound (UPB) of 500 bits set by Dr. Dembski Proposed Information Metric: Conditional Kolmogorov Complexity - Winston Ewert - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fm3mm3ofAYU
Or did the following human designers break or suspend the laws of physics when they injected information into DNA?
ID Vindicated - August 17, 2012 Excerpt: Digital information is accumulating at an astounding rate, straining our ability to store and archive it. DNA is among the most dense and stable information media known. The development of new technologies in both DNA synthesis and sequencing make DNA an increasingly feasible digital storage medium. Here, we develop a strategy to encode arbitrary digital information in DNA, write a 5.27-megabit book using DNA microchips, and read the book using next-generation DNA sequencing. https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/id-vindicated/
Even Dawkins, in a rare honest moment, conceded that Intelligence operating within space time may be detectable:
Richard Dawkins Vs. Ben Stein - The UFO Interview - video http://www.metacafe.com/watch/4134259
But seriously, since God, who is transcendent. omnipotent, and omnipresent, created and sustains physical reality, indeed since material reality is absolutely dependent on Him for its continued existence, then breaking or suspending the laws of physics is really just a matter of prejudiced perspective on the materialists part isn't it?
Alvin Plantinga: Divine Action - video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5DPneR-Rtc Materialism simply dissolves into absurdity when pushed to extremes and certainly offers no guarantee to us for believing our perceptions and reasoning within science are trustworthy in the first place: BRUCE GORDON: Hawking's irrational arguments - October 2010 Excerpt: What is worse, multiplying without limit the opportunities for any event to happen in the context of a multiverse - where it is alleged that anything can spontaneously jump into existence without cause - produces a situation in which no absurdity is beyond the pale. For instance, we find multiverse cosmologists debating the "Boltzmann Brain" problem: In the most "reasonable" models for a multiverse, it is immeasurably more likely that our consciousness is associated with a brain that has spontaneously fluctuated into existence in the quantum vacuum than it is that we have parents and exist in an orderly universe with a 13.7 billion-year history. This is absurd. The multiverse hypothesis is therefore falsified because it renders false what we know to be true about ourselves. Clearly, embracing the multiverse idea entails a nihilistic irrationality that destroys the very possibility of science. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/oct/1/hawking-irrational-arguments/ The Absurdity of Inflation, String Theory & The Multiverse - Dr. Bruce Gordon - video http://vimeo.com/34468027 Dr. Gordon's last powerpoint in the video states the following: The End Of Materialism? - Dr. Bruce Gordon * In the multiverse, anything can happen for no reason at all. * In other words, the materialist is forced to believe in random miracles as a explanatory principle. * In a Theistic universe, nothing happens without a reason. Miracles are therefore intelligently directed deviations from divinely maintained regularities, and are thus expressions of rational purpose. * Scientific materialism is (therefore) epistemically self defeating: it makes scientific rationality impossible.
further note:
Quantum Evidence for a Theistic Universe https://docs.google.com/document/d/1agaJIWjPWHs5vtMx5SkpaMPbantoP471k0lNBUXg0Xo/edit
bornagain77
August 17, 2012
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JoeCoder, I'm not very familiar with this site. I wrote you a very long response, submitted it, and lost it all because I forgot to fill in the little box. I spent well over an hour on it. I just don't have the energy to try to write it all over again. Maybe tomorrow...David W. Gibson
August 17, 2012
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JoeCoder,
To get here from apes in 6m years involves a million times fewer mutation events creation a thousand times more.
Then presumably the required information was injected into the DNA by the designer, but the question is how? Did that injection process break or suspend the laws of physics?mphillips
August 17, 2012
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> David, the entire ID movement would go away tomorrow if you or anyone else were able to point to ONE instance where a semiotic system was observed to have been spontaneously generated by chance or necessity or a combination of both. If this happened I'd still stick around. I'm stubborn like that :P More seriously, I don't want to rule out something like this being possible. My objections are that evolution is too slow. Behe made a good point of this in Edge. Something like 10^20 mutation events in HIV and malaria, and only a duplicated gene and new binding site in the former? To get here from apes in 6m years involves a million times fewer mutation events creation a thousand times more.JoeCoder
August 17, 2012
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Barry, do you agree with this restatement of Uprights argument?
X1. All irreducibly complex systems are designed. X2. All semiotic systems are irreducibly complex. X3. Therefore, all semiotic systems are designed. Y1. A system involving representation(s) and protocol(s) is a semiotic system. Y2. Protein synthesis involves a representation and a protocol. Y3. Therefore, protein synthesis is a semiotic system. Z1. All semiotic systems are designed (by X3). Z2. Protein synthesis is a semiotic system (by Y3). Z3. Therefore, the protein synthesis system is designed.
mphillips
August 17, 2012
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Yeh, I agree some empiricism would be nice here. But if DNA is a semiotic system, and we posit that DNA is responsible for the construction of intelligent agents, then those agents are the consequence of semiotic systems. Which is the circular idea that semiotic systems create semiotic systems. But then that's little different than stating that cells reproduce. So not a sound argument as such, but not out of line either. There are manners to improve your syllogism as well as the converse, but I assume you're capable of sorting it out sans pedantry. No matter the case abduction isn't induction and neither is a substitute for demonstration. Though this is a lament that applies to nearly all modern science in general rather than simply Darwinism and/or ID alone.Maus
August 17, 2012
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A few quotes that may be of interest:
"Information is information, not matter or energy. No materialism which does not admit this can survive at the present day." Norbert Weiner - MIT Mathematician - Father of Cybernetics Programming of Life - October 2010 Excerpt: "Evolutionary biologists have failed to realize that they work with two more or less incommensurable domains: that of information and that of matter... These two domains will never be brought together in any kind of the sense usually implied by the term ‘reductionism.'... Information doesn't have mass or charge or length in millimeters. Likewise, matter doesn't have bytes... This dearth of shared descriptors makes matter and information two separate domains of existence, which have to be discussed separately, in their own terms." George Williams - Evolutionary Biologist
Basically the reductive materialist's argument essentially appears to be like this:
Premise One: No materialistic cause of specified complex information is known. Conclusion: Therefore, it must arise from some unknown materialistic cause
On the other hand, Stephen Meyer describes the intelligent design argument as follows:
“Premise One: Despite a thorough search, no material causes have been discovered that demonstrate the power to produce large amounts of specified information. “Premise Two: Intelligent causes have demonstrated the power to produce large amounts of specified information. “Conclusion: Intelligent design constitutes the best, most causally adequate, explanation for the information in the cell.” Stephen Meyer - The Scientific Basis for the Intelligent Design Inference - video http://vimeo.com/32148403 "Our experience-based knowledge of information-flow confirms that systems with large amounts of specified complexity (especially codes and languages) invariably originate from an intelligent source -- from a mind or personal agent." (Stephen C. Meyer, "The origin of biological information and the higher taxonomic categories," Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 117(2):213-239 (2004).) "A code system is always the result of a mental process (it requires an intelligent origin or inventor). It should be emphasized that matter as such is unable to generate any code. All experiences indicate that a thinking being voluntarily exercising his own free will, cognition, and creativity, is required. ,,,there is no known law of nature and no known sequence of events which can cause information to originate by itself in matter. Werner Gitt 1997 In The Beginning Was Information pp. 64-67, 79, 107." (The retired Dr Gitt was a director and professor at the German Federal Institute of Physics and Technology (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig), the Head of the Department of Information Technology.) There remains one and only one type of cause that has shown itself able to create functional information like we find in cells, books and software programs -- intelligent design. We know this from our uniform experience and from the design filter -- a mathematically rigorous method of detecting design. Both yield the same answer. (William Dembski and Jonathan Witt, Intelligent Design Uncensored: An Easy-to-Understand Guide to the Controversy, p. 90 (InterVarsity Press, 2010).)
bornagain77
August 17, 2012
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Excellent summary! This guy's commitment to anything but ID, or rather his bias against ID, is coloring his conclusions. His best argument against ID is that we can't prove a negative. If it has gotten that bad for evolutionists - that to maintain faith in their paradigm they have to appeal to as of yet unknown processes - well then I think the writing is on the wall so to speak!tjguy
August 17, 2012
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