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BA77, replies to prof Lombrozo on Evolutionary Belief and Cultural Factors

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I think BA77’s reply deserves to be headlined, as a part of the issue on self-falsification of evolutionary materialism.

First, a picture:

Of Lemmings, marches of folly and cliffs of self-falsifying absurdity . . .
Of Lemmings, marches of folly and cliffs of self-falsifying absurdity . . .

Now, the clip:

>>as to Lombrozo’s comment here:

“in the last 20 years or so, research in psychology and the cognitive science of religion has increasingly focused on another factor that contributes to evolutionary disbelief: the very cognitive mechanisms underlying human cognition.”

There is a mechanism underlying my cognitive abilities? Really???

Something smells rotten in Denmark! Let’s analyze this a bit more closely with our ‘mechanism’ of human cognition shall we?:

Cognition is the set of all mental abilities and processes related to knowledge: attention, memory and working memory, judgment and evaluation, reasoning and “computation”, problem solving and decision making, comprehension and production of language, etc.
per wikipedia:

As to all that “judgment and evaluation, reasoning and “computation”, problem solving and decision making” of human cognition, exactly how does Lombrozo propose we do all that “problem solving and decision making” if she, as a materialist, denies we have the free will to make decisions in the first place?

[Nancy Pearcey] When Reality Clashes with Your Atheistic Worldview – video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0Kpn3HBMiQ

[youtube C0Kpn3HBMiQ]

Sam Harris’s Free Will: The Medial Pre-Frontal Cortex Did It – Martin Cothran – November 9, 2012
Excerpt: There is something ironic about the position of thinkers like Harris on issues like this: they claim that their position is the result of the irresistible necessity of logic (in fact, they pride themselves on their logic). Their belief is the consequent, in a ground/consequent relation between their evidence and their conclusion. But their very stated position is that any mental state — including their position on this issue — is the effect of a physical, not logical cause.
By their own logic, it isn’t logic that demands their assent to the claim that free will is an illusion, but the prior chemical state of their brains. The only condition under which we could possibly find their argument convincing is if they are not true. The claim that free will is an illusion requires the possibility that minds have the freedom to assent to a logical argument, a freedom denied by the claim itself. It is an assent that must, in order to remain logical and not physiological, presume a perspective outside the physical order.
http://www.evolutionnews.org/2…..66221.html

(1) rationality implies a thinker in control of thoughts.
(2) under materialism a thinker is an effect caused by processes in the brain.
(3) in order for materialism to ground rationality a thinker (an effect) must control processes in the brain (a cause). (1)&(2)
(4) no effect can control its cause.
Therefore materialism cannot ground rationality.
per Box UD

The practical benefits of believing in free will and that you are not a robot (several studies):
https://uncommondescent.com…..ent-565274

Perhaps after Lombrozo turns her incredible analytical/cognitive abilities on her unsolved problem of free will in her materialistic worldview, i.e. figuring out exactly how we can possibly make rational decisions without the inherent ability to make rational decisions, she can then turn her incredible analytical talents on the hard problem of consciousness?

David Chalmers on Consciousness (Philosophical Zombies and the Hard Problem) – video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NK1Yo6VbRoo

Philosophical Zombies – cartoon
http://existentialcomics.com/comic/11

‘But the hard problem of consciousness is so hard that I can’t even imagine what kind of empirical findings would satisfactorily solve it. In fact, I don’t even know what kind of discovery would get us to first base, not to mention a home run.’
David Barash – Materialist/Atheist Darwinian Psychologist

“We have so much confidence in our materialist assumptions (which are assumptions, not facts) that something like free will is denied in principle. Maybe it doesn’t exist, but I don’t really know that. Either way, it doesn’t matter because if free will and consciousness are just an illusion, they are the most seamless illusions ever created. Film maker James Cameron wishes he had special effects that good.”
Matthew D. Lieberman – neuroscientist – materialist – UCLA professor

There is simply no direct evidence that anything material is capable of generating consciousness. As Rutgers University philosopher Jerry Fodor says,

“Nobody has the slightest idea how anything material could be conscious. Nobody even knows what it would be like to have the slightest idea about how anything material could be conscious. So much for the philosophy of consciousness. Regardless of our knowledge of the structure of the brain, no one has any idea how the brain could possibly generate conscious experience.”

As Nobel neurophysiologist Roger Sperry wrote,

“Those centermost processes of the brain with which consciousness is presumably associated are simply not understood. They are so far beyond our comprehension at present that no one I know of has been able even to imagine their nature.”

From modern physics, Nobel prize-winner Eugene Wigner agreed:

“We have at present not even the vaguest idea how to connect the physio-chemical processes with the state of mind.”
Contemporary physicist Nick Herbert states,

“Science’s biggest mystery is the nature of consciousness. It is not that we possess bad or imperfect theories of human awareness; we simply have no such theories at all. About all we know about consciousness is that it has something to do with the head, rather than the foot.”

Physician and author Larry Dossey wrote:

“No experiment has ever demonstrated the genesis of consciousness from matter. One might as well believe that rabbits emerge from magicians’ hats. Yet this vaporous possibility, this neuro-mythology, has enchanted generations of gullible scientists, in spite of the fact that there is not a shred of direct evidence to support it.”

Mind and Cosmos – Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature is Almost Certainly False – Thomas Nagel
Excerpt: If materialism cannot accommodate consciousness and other mind-related aspects of reality, then we must abandon a purely materialist understanding of nature in general, extending to biology, evolutionary theory, and cosmology. Since minds are features of biological systems that have developed through evolution, the standard materialist version of evolutionary biology is fundamentally incomplete. And the cosmological history that led to the origin of life and the coming into existence of the conditions for evolution cannot be a merely materialist history.
http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/pro…..9919758.do

Consciousness Does Not Compute (and Never Will), Says Korean Scientist – May 05, 2015
Excerpt: “Non-computability of Consciousness” documents Song’s quantum computer research into TS (technological singularity (TS) or strong artificial intelligence). Song was able to show that in certain situations, a conscious state can be precisely and fully represented in mathematical terms, in much the same manner as an atom or electron can be fully described mathematically. That’s important, because the neurobiological and computational approaches to brain research have only ever been able to provide approximations at best. In representing consciousness mathematically, Song shows that consciousness is not compatible with a machine.
Song’s work also shows consciousness is not like other physical systems like neurons, atoms or galaxies. “If consciousness cannot be represented in the same way all other physical systems are represented, it may not be something that arises out of a physical system like the brain,” said Song. “The brain and consciousness are linked together, but the brain does not produce consciousness. Consciousness is something altogether different and separate. The math doesn’t lie.”
Of note: Daegene Song obtained his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Oxford
http://www.prnewswire.com/news…..77306.html

Mathematical Model Of Consciousness Proves Human Experience Cannot Be Modeled On A Computer – May 2014
Excerpt: The central part of their new work is to describe the mathematical properties of a system that can store integrated information in this way but without it leaking away. And this leads them to their central proof. “The implications of this proof are that we have to abandon either the idea that people enjoy genuinely [integrated] consciousness or that brain processes can be modeled computationally,” say Maguire and co.
Since Tononi’s main assumption is that consciousness is the experience of integrated information, it is the second idea that must be abandoned: brain processes cannot be modeled computationally.
https://medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/mathematical-model-of-consciousness-proves-human-experience-cannot-be-modelled-on-a-computer-898b104158d

I think Lombrozo has her work cut out for her on the hard problem. :)>>

Indeed, there is a challenge to be addressed. Let us see what evolutionary materialist scientism advocates have to say. END

Comments
Harry @ 10: "The images you see are not to be found anywhere is your physical brain, just electrochemical reactions that correspond to them, which were ultimately brought about by the body’s optical system processing millions of photons. The processing of photons is not “seeing” anymore than a recording video camera is “seeing” anything as it processes photons. You know the images the mind sees exist — you see them. The images in your mind have no material reality, yet they exist, just as does the non-material rational soul that perceives them." You're way behind the times. Way back in the 60s Scientific American published a pair of astounding pictures. They were PET scans of the back of a person's head. He was staring at a cross hatch pattern on a screen and there, on the back of his brain, was the cross hatch pattern, plain as day. The lines were a little wiggly but distinct and you could even see where parts of the cross hatch were missing where they dived down into one of the creases in the brain. But the _really_ astounding picture was the second one, taken while the volunteer closed his eyes and _imagined_ a cross hatch pattern. There it was, a little weaker and fuzzier, but still distinct: another cross hatch! It was a picture of what the man was imagining! And that picture was generated IN his brain solely through his mental facilities and it was located IN his brain.MatSpirit
July 2, 2015
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bornagain77 @ 98
Quotes of Note:
Materialism Ought to be Judged as Much by the Ignorance It Demands as by the Knowledge It Purports to Afford – Michael Egnor – December 6, 2014 Excerpt: Materialism, properly understood, purports to afford knowledge, but its salient contribution to modernity is the ignorance it demands. Materialism is a denial of reality. It’s an impoverished superstition, hardly more than magical thinking. Materialism is an amalgam of unexamined presuppositions, delusions of explanatory relevance, smug scientism, self-refuting pretense, and witless non-sequiturs posing as “scientific” conclusions.
Is he serious? Are you serious? What on earth do you and he think our understanding of the physical brain is if not materialistic? When Egnor goes into a human brain to operate, does he close his eyes like a Jedi master and rely on some mystical Force to guide his hands or does keep his eyes wide open and draw on a detailed knowledge of the brain’s physiology and biochemistry? I know which it had better be or I wouldn’t let him within a mile of my brain no matter how great the need. Kairosfocus is fond of accusing arguments he disagrees with of “self-referential incoherence” but Egnor’s position is just plain absurd. He’s built his career on a materialistic description and explanation of the physical brain but condemns such knowledge as delusional and “self-refuting pretense”. If anything is a “witless non-sequitur” it’s his position.Seversky
July 2, 2015
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Roy: What is it, exactly, that you think was reversed? Both of the quotes you reference demonstrate that information itself has no mass, which was ba77's point. You may be able to encode information in a way that adds mass, but you can also encode it in a way that doesn't or that even subtracts mass. So, obviously, the information itself doesn't have mass. I didn't find this point particularly difficult to grasp, but perhaps others did?Phinehas
July 2, 2015
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Roy, do you even try to understand the context of something that hints at Design before rushing off to condemn it? I suggest you go back and read the posts very slowly for clarity. Read the words aloud to yourself if it helps you understand the subject more clearly,,, (as if there could be such a thing as understanding in the materialistic worldview in the first place): Here are the three posts in question: https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/ba77-replies-to-prof-lombrozo-on-evolutionary-belief-and-cultural-factors/#comment-570516 https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/ba77-replies-to-prof-lombrozo-on-evolutionary-belief-and-cultural-factors/#comment-570518 https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/ba77-replies-to-prof-lombrozo-on-evolutionary-belief-and-cultural-factors/#comment-570522 Quotes of Note:
Materialism Ought to be Judged as Much by the Ignorance It Demands as by the Knowledge It Purports to Afford - Michael Egnor - December 6, 2014 Excerpt: Materialism, properly understood, purports to afford knowledge, but its salient contribution to modernity is the ignorance it demands. Materialism is a denial of reality. It's an impoverished superstition, hardly more than magical thinking. Materialism is an amalgam of unexamined presuppositions, delusions of explanatory relevance, smug scientism, self-refuting pretense, and witless non-sequiturs posing as "scientific" conclusions. The fact is that the world is plainly more than atoms in the void and man is plainly more than an evolved meat machine. Our beliefs and judgments and insight -- all that make us human -- are immaterial, and it is obvious that transcendent purpose permeates nature.,,, http://www.evolutionnews.org/2014/12/materialism_oug091771.html "Hawking’s entire argument is built upon theism. He is, as Cornelius Van Til put it, like the child who must climb up onto his father’s lap into order to slap his face. Take that part about the “human mind” for example. Under atheism there is no such thing as a mind. There is no such thing as understanding and no such thing as truth. All Hawking is left with is a box, called a skull, which contains a bunch of molecules. Hawking needs God In order to deny Him." - Cornelius Hunter Photo – “of all the things I’ve lost, I think I miss my mind the most” http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-H-kjiGN_9Fw/URkPboX5l2I/AAAAAAAAATw/yN18NZgMJ-4/s1600/rob4.jpg
bornagain77
July 2, 2015
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rhampton7:
Material intelligences and immaterial intelligences are equally admissible.
What's a "material intelligence"? ID is already on the record for saying that purely materialistic processes cannot produce living organisms.Virgil Cain
July 2, 2015
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ba77:
Actually Meyer’s argument holds because a CD with pits (i.e. full of information) weigh less than a CD with no information
ba77, 35 minutes later:
Information is not a ‘measurable phenomena’ with any direct relation to the material substrate on which it is encoded since both the adding of weight, i.e. ink, or the removal of weight, i.e. pit engravings, can represent exactly the same amount of information.
What a lovely example of a reverse ferret.Roy
July 2, 2015
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Also if it could be shown that intelligence is material then ID would suffer a fatal blow.
While that may be true for some among the laymen ID community, it would be inconsequential to the scientific theory of Intelligent Design. Remember, it is a tool to reliably detect design, but it makes no claims as to what are the intelligent agent(s) that are detected. Material intelligences and immaterial intelligences are equally admissible. To all - have a safe and happy 4th of July. See you next week.rhampton7
July 2, 2015
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SA, If Jesus was materially real (his human half), why not angels, why not the miracle of life itself? I'm not a YEC, so I don't see material explanations as an attack on faith nor a diminishment of God. Obviously not all agree.rhampton7
July 2, 2015
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Shannon allows us to measure information carrying capacity as the methodology doesn't say anything about meaning, ie information. So it tells us how much possible information there is in any given message. That is all because the machines that transmit and receive the messages do not care about the meaning. So Shannon wanted a way to check what was being sent to what was being received based on volume, ie the number of characters sent compared to the number of characters received and stored. And yes it is true that energy and matter are required to transmit, receive and store information but the information is not the energy nor the matter. Also if it could be shown that intelligence is material then ID would suffer a fatal blow.Virgil Cain
July 2, 2015
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Box, You can calculate the content of the message here, but guestimates are required (your may be different than mine) http://planetcalc.com/2476/rhampton7
July 2, 2015
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rhampton7 #79: Shannon’s information theory allows us to calculate information, and to do that you need to measure its content – that is a given communication’s expression as mass/energy.
According to Shannon’s information theory, how much information does E = MC^2 contain? Do you agree that the meaning of E = MC^2 is an intractable part of the information that E = MC^2 contains? IOW if the meaning of E = MC^2 is not calculated by Shannon's method, how could it be said that the information of E = MC^2 is calculated?
Silver Asiatic: Information requires a mind and cannot be reduced to mass, matter and energy alone.
Amen! Information/meaning cannot exist without context.Box
July 2, 2015
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rh
Yes, I believe that all the miracles and such were material manifestations, no different than Jesus Christ. To your second question, one can’t prove God, nor is one supposed to be able to. Faith is much greater, and much more challenging, than that.
Thanks for your reply Ok, you believe God is immaterial by faith alone. Why not believe angels, miracles, grace and souls are immaterial on faith alone also?Silver Asiatic
July 2, 2015
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Mung, By implication you believe the immaterial is subject to entropy (Shannon entropy), to which I would guess you would argue entropy=0. Because Shannon entropy is a measure of the information contained in a message, there could be no discrete messages as any and all communication would necessarily contain the infinite. I think that's an apt description of God, but I am far from convinced that that's apt description of information.rhampton7
July 2, 2015
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FYI: birds nest are not functional information! moreover, I certainly don't hold birds to be purely 'unguided material processes'. That is your presupposition! A presupposition that I personally hold to be a false presupposition. I suggest you first generate a bird by unguided material processes so as to prove me wrong! :) You are disingenuous in your 'good faith' request in that you want me to demonstrate the origination of functional information on a computer disk by purely immaterial means and yet you yourself refuse to same standard you have set for me in that you will not demonstrate the origination of functional information on a computer disk by purely unguided material process. I suggest you look up hypocrisy in the dictionary! I'm done. I have much better things to do this afternoon than wander through the incoherence of your reasoning!bornagain77
July 2, 2015
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rhampton7:
Shannon’s information theory allows us to calculate information, and to do that you need to measure its content – that is a given communication’s expression as mass/energy.
Actually, no.Mung
July 2, 2015
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SA, Yes, I believe that all the miracles and such were material manifestations, no different than Jesus Christ. To your second question, one can't prove God, nor is one supposed to be able to. Faith is much greater, and much more challenging, than that.rhampton7
July 2, 2015
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BA77. You challenge to me was; "show me ANY functional information whatsoever that was first generated solely by unguided material processes and not by an intelligent mind," to which I have answered in good faith. I would greatly appreciate it if you would do the same.rhampton7
July 2, 2015
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rhampton7 Ok, thanks. Yes, I was asking something like that. For you, only God is an immaterial entity. Not angels, souls, saints, grace, miracles, locutions, apparitions, mystical phenomena, spiritual aspirations ... these are all physical phenomena or they don't exist, right? Just curious and somewhat off topic, but God is immaterial, so you can have no scientific evidence - therefore, what evidence do you accept supporting the existence of God?Silver Asiatic
July 2, 2015
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rampton, FYI, birds nest are not functional information on a computer disk. Your claim is that unguided material processes can produce functional information on a computer disk and immaterial minds cannot. Now is your chance to PROVE IT! We all wait with anticipation for this 'miracle' to be performed! Of related interest, that the human mind has causal influence outside the human body was recently demonstrated by Dean Radin: Dean Radin, who spent years at Princeton testing different aspects of consciousness, recently performed experiments testing the possible role of consciousness in the double slit. His results were, not so surprisingly, very supportive of consciousness’s central role in the experiment:
Consciousness and the double-slit interference pattern: six experiments – Radin – 2012 Abstract: A double-slit optical system was used to test the possible role of consciousness in the collapse of the quantum wavefunction. The ratio of the interference pattern’s double-slit spectral power to its single-slit spectral power was predicted to decrease when attention was focused toward the double slit as compared to away from it. Each test session consisted of 40 counterbalanced attention-toward and attention-away epochs, where each epoch lasted between 15 and 30 s(seconds). Data contributed by 137 people in six experiments, involving a total of 250 test sessions, indicate that on average the spectral ratio decreased as predicted (z = -4:36, p = 6·10^-6). Another 250 control sessions conducted without observers present tested hardware, software, and analytical procedures for potential artifacts; none were identified (z = 0:43, p = 0:67). Variables including temperature, vibration, and signal drift were also tested, and no spurious influences were identified. By contrast, factors associated with consciousness, such as meditation experience, electrocortical markers of focused attention, and psychological factors including openness and absorption, significantly correlated in predicted ways with perturbations in the double-slit interference pattern. The results appear to be consistent with a consciousness-related interpretation of the quantum measurement problem. http://www.deanradin.com/papers/Physics%20Essays%20Radin%20final.pdf Psychophysical (i.e., mind–matter) interactions with a double-slit interference pattern - Dean Radin, Leena Michel, James Johnston, and Arnaud Delorme - December 2013 Abstract: Previously reported experiments suggested that interference patterns generated by a double-slit optical system were perturbed by a psychophysical (i.e., mind–matter) interaction. Three new experiments were conducted to further investigate this phenomenon. The first study consisted of 50 half-hour test sessions where participants concentrated their attention-toward or -away from a double-slit system located 3 m away. The spectral magnitude and phase associated with the double-slit component of the interference pattern were compared between the two attention conditions, and the combined results provided evidence for an interaction,,,. One hundred control sessions using the same equipment, protocol and analysis, but without participants present, showed no effect,,,. The second experiment used a duplicate double-slit system and similar test protocol, but it was conducted over the Internet by streaming data to participants’ web browsers. Some 685 people from six continents contributed 2089 experimental sessions. Results were similar to those observed in the first experiment, but smaller in magnitude,,,. Data from 2303 control sessions, conducted automatically every 2 h using the same equipment but without observers showed no effect. Distance between participants and the optical system, ranging from 1 km to 18,000 km, showed no correlation with experimental effect size. The third experiment used a newly designed double-slit system, a revised test protocol, and a simpler method of statistical analysis. Twenty sessions contributed by 10 participants successfully replicated the interaction effect observed in the first two studies. http://deanradin.com/evidence/RadinPhysicsEssays2013.pdf
bornagain77
July 2, 2015
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SA, I believe God is an immaterial entity, but I think your question is meant to ask this specifically, "Do I believe immaterial entities (other than God) exist exclusively within our universe?" My hunch tells me no, but I'm irreversibly convinced of this.rhampton7
July 2, 2015
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BA77,
unguided material processes and not by an intelligent mind
Here you posit a common misunderstanding within the ID community - that is that ID theory claims that intelligence must be immaterial. As I have explained before, the Weaver bird can make irreducible complex nests that we must recognize as the product of an intelligent designer. However it is far from certain that the Weaver bird's intelligence is the product of some immaterial phenomena and not the product of purely material processes. (I refer to VJTorely's The immateriality of animal consciousness: why I'm agnostic). So I believe I have honestly answered your question -- it is reasonably plausible that birds, among others, are examples of "unguided material processes" generating functional information. Can you demonstrate a reasonably plausible method to address my question to you?rhampton7
July 2, 2015
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rhampton7
Or if you prefer, try reading the information on the disk using only an immaterial process.
Do you believe that immaterial entities exist?Silver Asiatic
July 2, 2015
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Box, Shannon's information theory allows us to calculate information, and to do that you need to measure its content - that is a given communication's expression as mass/energy.rhampton7
July 2, 2015
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rhampton7, tell you what, I'll take you up on your challenge of 'adding, deleting or changing the information on a disk' by immaterial methods as soon as you can show me ANY functional information whatsoever that was first generated solely by unguided material processes and not by an intelligent mind. Something tells me I will be waiting a long, long, time for you to provide that example of unguided material processes generating functional information!
Waiting Longer for Two Mutations – Michael J. Behe Excerpt: Citing malaria literature sources (White 2004) I had noted that the de novo appearance of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum was an event of probability of 1 in 10^20. I then wrote that ‘for humans to achieve a mutation like this by chance, we would have to wait 100 million times 10 million years’ (1 quadrillion years)(Behe 2007) (because that is the extrapolated time that it would take to produce 10^20 humans). Durrett and Schmidt (2008, p. 1507) retort that my number ‘is 5 million times larger than the calculation we have just given’ using their model (which nonetheless “using their model” gives a prohibitively long waiting time of 216 million years). Their criticism compares apples to oranges. My figure of 10^20 is an empirical statistic from the literature; it is not, as their calculation is, a theoretical estimate from a population genetics model. http://www.discovery.org/a/9461 Of note: although Dr. Behe had been mercilessly vilified by neo-Darwinists for daring to suggest that there could possibly be an ‘Edge’ to evolution (i.e. possibly be a limit to what Darwinian processes could be expected to accomplish), Dr. Behe’s was vindicated and his 10^20 number was recently verified in the lab. The Vindication of Michael Behe – podcast/video - 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itkxFbyzyro The Evolutionary Accessibility of New Enzyme Functions: A Case Study from the Biotin Pathway – Ann K. Gauger and Douglas D. Axe – April 2011 Excerpt: We infer from the mutants examined that successful functional conversion would in this case require seven or more nucleotide substitutions. But evolutionary innovations requiring that many changes would be extraordinarily rare, becoming probable only on timescales much longer than the age of life on earth. http://bio-complexity.org/ojs/index.php/main/article/view/BIO-C.2011.1/BIO-C.2011.1 "Shared Evolutionary History or Shared Design?" - Ann Gauger - January 1, 2015 Excerpt: The waiting time required to achieve four mutations is 10^15 years. That's longer than the age of the universe. The real waiting time is likely to be much greater, since the two most likely candidate enzymes failed to be coopted by double mutations. http://www.evolutionnews.org/2015/01/happy_new_year092291.html When Theory and Experiment Collide — April 16th, 2011 by Douglas Axe Excerpt: Based on our experimental observations and on calculations we made using a published population model [3], we estimated that Darwin’s mechanism would need a truly staggering amount of time—a trillion trillion years or more—to accomplish the seemingly subtle change in enzyme function that we studied. http://biologicinstitute.org/2011/04/16/when-theory-and-experiment-collide/ "A code system is always the result of a mental process (it requires an intelligent origin or inventor). It should be emphasized that matter as such is unable to generate any code. All experiences indicate that a thinking being voluntarily exercising his own free will, cognition, and creativity, is required. ,,,there is no known law of nature and no known sequence of events which can cause information to originate by itself in matter. Werner Gitt 1997 In The Beginning Was Information pp. 64-67, 79, 107." (The retired Dr Gitt was a director and professor at the German Federal Institute of Physics and Technology (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig), the Head of the Department of Information Technology.) "Our experience-based knowledge of information-flow confirms that systems with large amounts of specified complexity (especially codes and languages) invariably originate from an intelligent source -- from a mind or personal agent." (Stephen C. Meyer, "The origin of biological information and the higher taxonomic categories," Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 117(2):213-239 (2004).) "As the pioneering information theorist Henry Quastler once observed, “the creation of information is habitually associated with conscious activity.” And, of course, he was right. Whenever we find information—whether embedded in a radio signal, carved in a stone monument, written in a book or etched on a magnetic disc—and we trace it back to its source, invariably we come to mind, not merely a material process. Thus, the discovery of functionally specified, digitally encoded information along the spine of DNA, provides compelling positive evidence of the activity of a prior designing intelligence. This conclusion is not based upon what we don’t know. It is based upon what we do know from our uniform experience about the cause and effect structure of the world—specifically, what we know about what does, and does not, have the power to produce large amounts of specified information." - Stephen Meyer http://www.signatureinthecell.com/responses/response-to-darrel-falk.php
Of related note: The the human mind has causal power has been revealed by brain plasticity and by epigenetic influence of intentionality over gene expression:
The Case for the Soul - InspiringPhilosophy - (4:03 minute mark, Brain Plasticity including Schwartz's work) - Oct. 2014 - video The Mind is able to modify the brain (brain plasticity). Moreover, Idealism explains all anomalous evidence of personality changes due to brain injury, whereas physicalism cannot explain mind. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBsI_ay8K70 Scientists Finally Show How Your Thoughts Can Cause Specific Molecular Changes To Your Genes, - December 10, 2013 Excerpt: “To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that shows rapid alterations in gene expression within subjects associated with mindfulness meditation practice,” says study author Richard J. Davidson, founder of the Center for Investigating Healthy Minds and the William James and Vilas Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “Most interestingly, the changes were observed in genes that are the current targets of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs,” says Perla Kaliman, first author of the article and a researcher at the Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spain (IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), where the molecular analyses were conducted.,,, the researchers say, there was no difference in the tested genes between the two groups of people at the start of the study. The observed effects were seen only in the meditators following mindfulness practice. In addition, several other DNA-modifying genes showed no differences between groups, suggesting that the mindfulness practice specifically affected certain regulatory pathways. http://www.tunedbody.com/scientists-finally-show-thoughts-can-cause-specific-molecular-changes-genes/
bornagain77
July 2, 2015
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BA77 Of course the information on the disk is material. The change in mass/energy is what is needed to record it. You can only alter the information on this disk by changing the material arrangement of mass/energy. Here's a challenge for you and Meyer, try adding, deleting or changing the information on a disk using any immaterial method you like. Or if you prefer, try reading the information on the disk using only an immaterial process.rhampton7
July 2, 2015
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Also of note: Landauers principle was also instrumental in developing a deeper ‘information theoretic’ view of reality in these following two articles:
How The Nature of Information Could Resolve One of The Great Paradoxes Of Cosmology - Feb. 17, 2015 Excerpt: One of the biggest puzzles in science is the cosmological constant paradox. This arises when physicists attempt to calculate the energy density of the universe from first principles. Using quantum mechanics, the number they come up with is 10^94 g/cm^3. And yet the observed energy density, calculated from the density of mass in the cosmos and the way the universe is expanding, is about 10^-27 g/cm^3. In other words, our best theory of the universe misses the mark by 120 orders of magnitude. That’s left cosmologists somewhat red-faced. Indeed, Stephen Hawking has famously described this as the most spectacular failure of any physical theory in history. This huge discrepancy is all the more puzzling because quantum mechanics makes such accurate predictions in other circumstances. Just why it goes so badly wrong here is unknown.,,, Back in the 1960s, the physicist Rolf Landauer suggested that every bit of information had an energy associated with it, an idea that has gained considerable traction since then. So Fields uses Landauer’s principle to calculate the energy associated with the locations of all the stars in the universe. This turns out to be about 10^-30 g /cm^3, very similar to the observed energy density of the universe. But here’s the thing. That calculation requires the position of each star to be encoded only to within 10 km^3. Fields also asks how much information is required to encode the position of stars to the much higher resolution associated with the Planck length. “Encoding 10^25 stellar positions at [the Planck length] would incur a free-energy cost approx. 10^117 larger than that found here,” he says. That difference is remarkably similar to the 120 orders of magnitude discrepancy between the observed energy density and that calculated using quantum mechanics. https://medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/how-the-nature-of-information-could-resolve-one-of-the-great-paradoxes-of-cosmology-8c16fc714756 Gravity from Quantum Information - Dec. 2013 Excerpt introduction: ,,,As a variant of the second law of thermodynamics, the Landauer’s principle states that to erase N bits of information of a system irreversibly at least kBN entropy of a bath should be increased and at least kBT N energy should be consumed, where kB is the Boltzman’s constant and T is the temperature of the thermal bath contacting with the system. For a black hole and the universe their causal horizons play roles of the bath and an information barrier. We suggested that there is energy Eh related to the information erasing at the horizon,, Excerpt conclusion: In short, the Einstein equation links matter to gravity and his famous formula E=mc2 links matter to energy. We know also that the Landauer’s principle links information to energy. Thus, now we have a relation between information and gravity, the Einstein equation with the quantum informational interpretation. Our theory implies that the Einstein equation is more about information rather than energy or equation of state. In other words, information might be more profound physical entity than matter or field. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1001.5445v2.pdf
The preceding researchers are in very good company in their claim that 'information might be more profound physical entity than matter or field'.
John Wheeler (1911–2008) summarizes his life in physics - February 2014 Excerpt: "I think of my lifetime in physics as divided into three periods. In the first period, extending from the beginning of my career until the early 1950?s, I was in the grip of the idea that Everything Is Particles. I was looking for ways to build all basic entities – neutrons, protons, mesons, and so on – out of the lightest, most fundamental particles, electrons, and photons. I call my second period Everything Is Fields. From the time I fell in love with general relativity and gravitation in 1952 until late in my career, I pursued the vision of a world made of fields, one in which the apparent particles are really manifestations of electric and magnetic fields, gravitational fields, and space-time itself. Now I am in the grip of a new vision, that Everything Is Information. The more I have pondered the mystery of the quantum and our strange ability to comprehend this world in which we live, the more I see possible fundamental roles for logic and information as the bedrock of physical theory." – J. A. Wheeler, K. Ford, Geons, Black Hole, & Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics New York W.W. Norton & Co, 1998, pp 63-64. https://uncommondescent.com/informatics/john-wheeler-1911-2008-summarizes-his-life-in-physics/ “The thesis of my book ‘Being as Communion’ is that the fundamental stuff of the world is information. That things are real because they exchange information one with another.” Conversations with William Dembski–The Thesis of Being as Communion – video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYAsaU9IvnI Why the Quantum? It from Bit? A Participatory Universe? Excerpt: In conclusion, it may very well be said that information is the irreducible kernel from which everything else flows. Thence the question why nature appears quantized is simply a consequence of the fact that information itself is quantized by necessity. It might even be fair to observe that the concept that information is fundamental is very old knowledge of humanity, witness for example the beginning of gospel according to John: "In the beginning was the Word." Anton Zeilinger - a leading expert in quantum teleportation http://www.metanexus.net/archive/ultimate_reality/zeilinger.pdf Quantum physics just got less complicated - Dec. 19, 2014 Excerpt: Patrick Coles, Jedrzej Kaniewski, and Stephanie Wehner,,, found that 'wave-particle duality' is simply the quantum 'uncertainty principle' in disguise, reducing two mysteries to one.,,, "The connection between uncertainty and wave-particle duality comes out very naturally when you consider them as questions about what information you can gain about a system. Our result highlights the power of thinking about physics from the perspective of information,",,, http://phys.org/news/2014-12-quantum-physics-complicated.html
Verse
John 1:1-3 In the beginning, the Word existed. The Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through Him all things were made; without Him nothing was made that has been made. (of note: 'Word' in Greek is 'Logos', and is the root word from which we get our word 'Logic')
bornagain77
July 2, 2015
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As to the claim that information is emergent from a material basis, it is important to note that, counter-intuitive to materialistic thought (and to every kid who has ever taken a math exam), a computer (and the brain) will not consume energy during the computation of information, but will only consume energy when information is erased from it. This counter-intuitive fact is formally known as Landauer’s Principle.
Landauer's principle Of Note: "any logically irreversible manipulation of information, such as the erasure of a bit or the merging of two computation paths, must be accompanied by a corresponding entropy increase ,,, Specifically, each bit of lost information will lead to the release of an (specific) amount (at least kT ln 2) of heat.,,, Landauer’s Principle has also been used as the foundation for a new theory of dark energy, proposed by Gough (2008). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer%27s_principle
This lack of energy consumption holds for mental activities as well:
THE EFFECT OF MENTAL ARITHMETIC ON CEREBRAL CIRCULATION AND METABOLISM Excerpt: Although Lennox considered the performance of mental arithmetic as "mental work", it is not immediately apparent what the nature of that work in the physical sense might be if, indeed, there be any. If no work or energy transformation is involved in the process of thought, then it is not surprising that cerebral oxygen consumption is unaltered during mental arithmetic. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC438861/pdf/jcinvest00624-0127.pdf Appraising the brain's energy budget: Excerpt: In the average adult human, the brain represents about 2% of the body weight. Remarkably, despite its relatively small size, the brain accounts for about 20% of the oxygen and, hence, calories consumed by the body. This high rate of metabolism is remarkably constant despite widely varying mental and motoric activity. The metabolic activity of the brain is remarkably constant over time. http://www.pnas.org/content/99/16/10237.full Scaling of Brain Metabolism and Blood Flow in Relation to Capillary and Neural Scaling - 2011 Excerpt: Brain is one of the most energy demanding organs in mammals, and its total metabolic rate scales with brain volume raised to a power of around 5/6. This value is significantly higher than the more common exponent 3/4 (4- dimensional Quarter Power Scaling) relating whole body resting metabolism with body mass and several other physiological variables in animals and plants.,,, Moreover, cerebral metabolic, hemodynamic, and microvascular variables scale with allometric exponents that are simple multiples of 1/6, rather than 1/4, which suggests that brain metabolism is more similar to the metabolism of aerobic than resting body. Relation of these findings to brain functional imaging studies involving the link between cerebral metabolism and blood flow is also discussed.,, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3203885/
It should be noted that, in spite of the counter-intuitive fact that no energy is consumed during computation, Rolf Landauer himself maintained that the information in a computer was merely ‘physical’.
"Information is Physical" Rolf Landauer - (Physics Today, 1991)
i.e. Landauer held that information in a computer was merely an ‘emergent’ property of a material basis in spite of objections from such notable people as Penrose and Weiner who held that information is indeed real and has its own independent existence separate from matter-energy.
"Information is information, not matter or energy. No materialism which does not admit this can survive at the present day." Norbert Weiner - MIT Mathematician -(Cybernetics, 2nd edition, p.132) Norbert Wiener created the modern field of control and communication systems, utilizing concepts like negative feedback. His seminal 1948 book Cybernetics both defined and named the new field. "Those devices (computers) can yield only approximations to a structure (of information) that has a deep and "computer independent" existence of its own." - Roger Penrose - The Emperor's New Mind - Pg 147
Landauer held this ‘materialistic’ position since he thought that it ALWAYS took energy to erase information from a computer and therefore the information in the computer must be ‘merely physical’ (merely emergent) according to his view of reality. Yet the validity of that fairly narrowly focused objection from Landauer, to the reality of ‘transcendent ‘information’ encoded within the computer, has now been overturned. Information, contrary to what Landauer thought possible, is now known to erasable from a computer without consuming energy.
Scientists show how to erase information without using energy - January 2011 Excerpt: Until now, scientists have thought that the process of erasing information requires energy. But a new study shows that, theoretically, information can be erased without using any energy at all. Instead, the cost of erasure can be paid in terms of another conserved quantity, such as spin angular momentum.,,, "Landauer said that information is physical because it takes energy to erase it. We are saying that the reason it is physical has a broader context than that.", Vaccaro explained. http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-01-scientists-erase-energy.html Quantum knowledge cools computers: New understanding of entropy - June 2011 Excerpt: No heat, even a cooling effect; In the case of perfect classical knowledge of a computer memory (zero entropy), deletion of the data requires in theory no energy at all. The researchers prove that "more than complete knowledge" from quantum entanglement with the memory (negative entropy) leads to deletion of the data being accompanied by removal of heat from the computer and its release as usable energy. This is the physical meaning of negative entropy. Renner emphasizes, however, "This doesn't mean that we can develop a perpetual motion machine." The data can only be deleted once, so there is no possibility to continue to generate energy. The process also destroys the entanglement, and it would take an input of energy to reset the system to its starting state. The equations are consistent with what's known as the second law of thermodynamics: the idea that the entropy of the universe can never decrease. Vedral says "We're working on the edge of the second law. If you go any further, you will break it." http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110601134300.htm
Of related note, the following researchers used a part of Landauers principle, specifically the 'merging of two computational paths', to prove that consciousness cannot be computational in its basis:
Sentient robots? Not possible if you do the maths - 13 May 2014 Over the past decade, Giulio Tononi at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his colleagues have developed a mathematical framework for consciousness that has become one of the most influential theories in the field. According to their model, the ability to integrate information is a key property of consciousness. ,,, But there is a catch, argues Phil Maguire at the National University of Ireland in Maynooth. He points to a computational device called the XOR logic gate, which involves two inputs, A and B. The output of the gate is "1" if A and B are the same and "0" if A and B are different. In this scenario, it is impossible to predict the output based on A or B alone – you need both. Crucially, this type of integration requires loss of information, says Maguire: "You have put in two bits, and you get one out. If the brain integrated information in this fashion, it would have to be continuously haemorrhaging information.",,, Based on this definition, Maguire and his team have shown mathematically that computers can't handle any process that integrates information completely. If you accept that consciousness is based on total integration, then computers can't be conscious. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25560-sentient-robots-not-possible-if-you-do-the-maths.html#.U3LD5ChuqCe
In the following experiment, it was proven that information has a 'thermodynamic content' when the researchers succeeded in ' demonstrating the conversion of information to energy '
Maxwell's demon demonstration (knowledge of a particle's position) turns information into energy - November 2010 Excerpt: Scientists in Japan are the first to have succeeded in converting information into free energy in an experiment that verifies the "Maxwell demon" thought experiment devised in 1867.,,, In Maxwell’s thought experiment the demon creates a temperature difference simply from information about the gas molecule temperatures and without transferring any energy directly to them.,,, Until now, demonstrating the conversion of information to energy has been elusive, but University of Tokyo physicist Masaki Sano and colleagues have succeeded in demonstrating it in a nano-scale experiment. In a paper published in Nature Physics they describe how they coaxed a Brownian particle to travel upwards on a "spiral-staircase-like" potential energy created by an electric field solely on the basis of information on its location. As the particle traveled up the staircase it gained energy from moving to an area of higher potential, and the team was able to measure precisely how much energy had been converted from information. http://www.physorg.com/news/2010-11-maxwell-demon-energy.html Demonic device converts information to energy - 2010 Excerpt: "This is a beautiful experimental demonstration that information has a thermodynamic content," says Christopher Jarzynski, a statistical chemist at the University of Maryland in College Park. In 1997, Jarzynski formulated an equation to define the amount of energy that could theoretically be converted from a unit of information2; the work by Sano and his team has now confirmed this equation. "This tells us something new about how the laws of thermodynamics work on the microscopic scale," says Jarzynski. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=demonic-device-converts-inform
bornagain77
July 2, 2015
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REC #64
I’m not sure how ascribing “self”* to such an organism, or positing it has a soul improves our understanding of the system. It seems materially defined.
I think the same argument, from the materialist perspective, would be used regarding any organism, including humans. This is the point under contention. If a human "seems materially defined", as it is claimed, then ascribing a self or soul adds nothing to our understanding. Some materialists solve this dilemma by simply denying that there is a self, and therefore no self-awareness and no self-consciousness. Others might say that the human person does not seem to be materially defined. This opens the possibility of an immaterial element - thus the existence of the soul.Silver Asiatic
July 2, 2015
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REC:
Since people are interested: for bacteria and other single-celled organisms. They move, in response to light, chemicals, heat. They have sensors (protein receptors) for these signals that transmit that information, in the form of chemical messengers, to motor proteins. This system is physically defined, and can be reconstituted from parts. They have no nervous system, no brain. I’m not sure how ascribing “self”* to such an organism, or positing it has a soul improves our understanding of the system. It seems materially defined. *in the sense of self-awareness, not self-moving, as in a self-driving car, for example.
You are the one who claimed bacteria could be *self* directed. (Self-awareness isn't even at issue yet.) If you'd rather talk about how self-driving cars are actually self-directed (that is, not merely responding to external input in accord with programming that also originated outside of it"self"), then please continue. I'm all ears. And let's be clear: My philosophy need not posit that bacteria have either self or souls any more than a programmed car does. But if evidence is presented for either bacteria or humans that demonstrates that much more than merely physics and chemistry is at work, my philosophy can accommodate this evidence. Materialism must try to explain this evidence away, and often does so in patently ludicrous fashion, revealing itself to be intellectually and morally bankrupt.Phinehas
July 2, 2015
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#60
Information is not a ‘measurable phenomena’ with any direct relation to the material substrate on which it is encoded since both the adding of weight, i.e. ink, or the removal of weight, i.e. pit engravings, can represent exactly the same amount of information. Meyer’s claim is that information weighs nothing. To refute his claim you cannot point to both a gain of mass and a loss of mass as a proof that information weighs something.
Excellent response, BA. Irrefutable. I would appreciate it if rhampton7 simply would admit that he was wrong here. It's a significant error. If information could be identified by changes in mass and energy, then the ID argument would have to be different. As it stands, information requires knowledge of a future state. It is goal-oriented. Materialism cannot provide goals for future conditions. Information requires a mind and cannot be reduced to mass, matter and energy alone.Silver Asiatic
July 2, 2015
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