Uncommon Descent Serving The Intelligent Design Community

Can we have an honest discussion about science and God?

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Many of us are sick of poisoned wells. Anyway, here’s this:


That was their argument because, until recent years, there was not, in the strictest sense, the kind of evidence science requires. To be sure, there were claims of such evidence, but however sincere those claims may have been, they were not persuasive enough to convince an honest skeptic. The gold standard of science, stated informally, is that a new paradigm is accepted when the evidence is solid enough to convince an objective, unbiased, and qualified person.

It turns out that scientists are as biased as anyone else. Their biases are being exposed by an increasing number of younger, more open-minded scientists. These newcomers are breaking free of the unscientific philosophy, the doctrine of physicalism, that presently dominates their disciplines. They are willing to challenge the notion that nothing exists except the physical. The old guard is resisting. The entrenched establishment is making ever less credible excuses for holding on to its resolute belief that only the physical exists.

Robert Arvay, “Old-guard scientists reveal their biases as new scientists suggest evidence for God” at American Thinker

Even if you don’t believe in God, can you at least believe that 2+2=4? That puts you on one side of a growing cultural divide.

Hat tip: Philip Cunningham

and

Hat tip: Ken Francis, co-author with Theodore Dalrymple of The Terror of Existence: From Ecclesiastes to Theatre of the Absurd

Comments
Vividbleau: Yep clueless Oh, I forgot, you're never wrong are you? My bad. When was the last time you were in a mathematics classroom? Let's say Calculus level or above. I bet they look and feel pretty much the same way they did 10 or 20 or 30 years ago with the exception of the use of things like graphing calculators (although those are not used in the UK in secondary education at all). No one who teaches engineers and physicists and mathematicians and statisticians and chemists is going to pay any attention to someone saying something stupid as reported above. They just don't care, they have a tough job to do and they work hard to do it well. All the mathematics teachers I've known are happy to highlight contributions made by non-whites and women; they're happy to show people other number schemes like the Roman numerals partially because it helps to show that our ARABIC numerals and decimal place system are far superior. Two cows plus two more cows will always be four cows; you might use different words or symbols but that will always be true. It doesn't matter what someone who has a massive chip on their shoulder says. Stop worrying about it.JVL
December 30, 2020
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JVL
It’s just a fad, it’s not going to affect how engineers or physicists or chemists learn or use mathematics.
In your view, knocking down a statue of Abraham Lincoln is an appropriate (needed?) response to "very long term, systemic racism in the US" (your words). So, teachers who want to redress racism and then say that math is oppressive ... They can teach it badly. They can discourage students from taking math. They can spread racial hatred through math, thus damaging the field. Much more can happen. This hurts engineers, physicists and chemists - among many others who use math. It hurts our society if less people are interested in math enough to learn it.Silver Asiatic
December 30, 2020
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Silver Asiatic: For the transgender movement, saying 2+2 does not equal 4 is a “liberating” thing. It’s saying that “a man can be a woman”. Conflating those two issues is just ridiculous. The math silliness will pass, soon I should think. And I think you should stop worrying about what transgender people do or think. You would not want them to tell you how to behave so I think you should just leave them alone especially since it actually affects you so little. Civilisation is not going to end because a small percentage of people are transgender. Start worrying about stuff that matters.JVL
December 30, 2020
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JVL “It’s just a fad,” Yep clueless In critical theory it’s called “White Math” I am sure there were many in Germany that said the same thing about Hitlers “ Jew Math” Its just a fad. Vividvividbleau
December 30, 2020
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Viola Lee
No one is offering some alternative to 2 + 2 = 4
There's a teacher here who says that the reason 2+2=4 is not inherent or unchangeable but is, rather, cultural:
“Nope the idea of 2 + 2 equaling 4 is cultural and because of western imperialism/colonization, we think of it as the only way of knowing.” https://summit.news/2020/07/07/blm-teacher-says-22-only-4-because-of-western-imperialism/
A different cultural or philosophical system could replace the idea. As someone like KF has argued here hundreds of times, our philosophical heritage affirms the Law of Identity - where one thing has an identity distinct from another. I believe there have been anti-ID atheists here through the years who have denied the Laws of Identity and Contradiction - the foundations of math. Certainly, under materialistic monism, the Law of Identity can be refuted. "All is one, there is no identity". True, nobody has tried to create a new math - yet, that I know of. But by destroying the philosophical foundations of math, or by saying they are the product of a corrupted, racist culture, gives the foundation for a denial of mathematics or opposition to math. I think the teacher is right - our math and the science that flows from it, are cultural artifacts, built upon timeless, inherent truths about reality and having a divine origin (created by God). But all of that can still be denied, just as conscience is denied, good versus evil and all meaning of life is denied. For the transgender movement, saying 2+2 does not equal 4 is a "liberating" thing. It's saying that "a man can be a woman". It's the same contradiction which is inherent in our society. The affirmation of 2+2=4 is support for the traditionalist philosophical position. It's the foundation of ID - so I would always welcome those who support that affirmation, even while I point out that there is a movement to deny it (the same movement to deny logic and philosophical truths - and ID).Silver Asiatic
December 30, 2020
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Vividbleau: Both of you drastically underestimate the cancer that is Critical Theory. You have no clue about what’s coming to a neighborhood near you. It's just a fad, it's not going to affect how engineers or physicists or chemists learn or use mathematics. Spend you time worrying about stuff that matters.JVL
December 30, 2020
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AaronS1978: Your first reply is nothing more Snide remark I can live with that. So what is transgender then? It’s not a social construct. A choice? What is it because it’s certainly not natural and should’ve been selected out by natural selection long ago Did you try search for definitions or are you wanting someone else to 'enlighten' you? AND updating my social perception to 2020 I am sorry I look at this stuff all the time and if I offended you I don’t care You're not offending me but I suspect a transgender person would feel insulted. Maybe you should really look at the reality of the situation and know that there’s probably something wrong with the individuals brain when something like this to occur That's not the way it feels to them. By the way what is gender dysphoria other than a psychological disease that’s probably triggered by a genetic defect, some form of environmental abuse or both If you really are interested in finding out I'm sure you could find some stuff to read. You are literally fighting your biology which dictate who you are so maybe you should update your biology to 2020 standards before you make any more dumb comments, just saying There are human beings, now referred to as intersex (see excerpts from the Wikipedia article above) who have ambiguous genitalia and sometimes odd sex hormone combinations. Hopefully God loves them more than you do. In fact it’s pretty much settled science but wait isn’t that what the argument here is about? You see people make exceptions for things that have long since been settled like 2+2 = 4 in your case you make an exception for a psychological disease because it doesn’t fit your personal political beliefs. I don't think it is a psychological disease; psychology no longer considers it a psychological disease and transgender people don't feel that they have a disease. Besides, why do you care? It harms you not at all to let them get on with it. So people can make exceptions for 2+2 = 4 based on their personal political beliefs the same way you’re capable of making an exception for a psychological disorder that causes people to chop off their genitals because they BELIEVE that they were not the sex they were born with What do you care? Why are you trying to impose your views on other people? Why not just let them be especially because it affects you so little? Do you want LGBTQ people to tell you how to live your life? Stop telling them how to live theirs.JVL
December 30, 2020
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JVL and Viola https://newdiscourses.com/2020/08/2-plus-2-never-equals-5/ Both of you drastically underestimate the cancer that is Critical Theory. You have no clue about what’s coming to a neighborhood near you. Vividvividbleau
December 30, 2020
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@JVL Oh JVL did I hit a button I did didn’t I Your first reply is nothing more Snide remark So what is transgender then? It’s not a social construct. A choice? What is it because it’s certainly not natural and should’ve been selected out by natural selection long ago AND updating my social perception to 2020 I am sorry I look at this stuff all the time and if I offended you I don’t care Maybe you should really look at the reality of the situation and know that there’s probably something wrong with the individuals brain when something like this to occur Rest of your replies are nothing more than arguing semantics so ignorable but not as enjoyable as the one that you said at the very beginning By the way what is gender dysphoria other than a psychological disease that’s probably triggered by a genetic defect, some form of environmental abuse or both You are literally fighting your biology which dictate who you are so maybe you should update your biology to 2020 standards before you make any more dumb comments, just saying In fact it’s pretty much settled science but wait isn’t that what the argument here is about? You see people make exceptions for things that have long since been settled like 2+2 = 4 in your case you make an exception for a psychological disease because it doesn’t fit your personal political beliefs. So people can make exceptions for 2+2 = 4 based on their personal political beliefs the same way you’re capable of making an exception for a psychological disorder that causes people to chop off their genitals because they BELIEVE that they were not the sex they were born with CoolAaronS1978
December 30, 2020
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OldArmy94: If the ironclad, commonsense, and universal observation that there are only 2 genders, male and female, can become a highly controversial proposition within just a decade, Except there have always been exceptions:
Hermaphrodite is used in older literature to describe any person whose physical characteristics do not neatly fit male or female classifications, but some people advocate to replace the term with intersex.[28][29] Intersex describes a wide variety of combinations of what are considered male and female biology. Intersex biology may include, for example, ambiguous-looking external genitalia, karyotypes that include mixed XX and XY chromosome pairs (46XX/46XY, 46XX/47XXY or 45X/XY mosaic).
Some humans were historically termed true hermaphrodites if their gonadal tissue contained both testicular and ovarian tissue, or pseudohermaphrodites if their external appearance (phenotype) differed from sex expected from internal gonads. This language has fallen out of favor due to misconceptions and pejorative connotations associated with the terms,[35] and also a shift to nomenclature based on genetics. Intersex is in some caused by unusual sex hormones; the unusual hormones may be caused by an atypical set of sex chromosomes. One possible pathophysiologic explanation of intersex in humans is a parthenogenetic division of a haploid ovum into two haploid ova. Upon fertilization of the two ova by two sperm cells (one carrying an X chromosome and the other carrying a Y chromosome), the two fertilized ova are then fused together resulting in a person having dual genitalial, gonadal (ovotestes) and genetic sex. Another common cause of being intersex is the crossing over of the SRY from the Y chromosome to the X chromosome during meiosis. The SRY is then activated in only certain areas, causing development of testes in some areas by beginning a series of events starting with the upregulation of SOX9, and in other areas not being active (causing the growth of ovarian tissues). Thus, testicular and ovarian tissues will both be present in the same individual.[36]
Those from the Wikipedia entry on Hermaphrodite. Real biology is a lot messier than you think. This from the article on Intersex:
Intersex people are individuals born with any of several variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones or genitals that, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies".[1][2] Though the range of atypical sex characteristics may be obvious from birth through the presence of physically ambiguous genitalia, in other instances, these atypical characteristics may go unnoticed, presenting as ambiguous internal reproductive organs or atypical chromosomes that may remain unknown to an individual all of their life.[3] Sex assignment at birth usually aligns with a child's anatomical sex and phenotype. The number of births where the baby is intersex has been reported to be as low as 0.018% or as high as roughly 1.7%, depending on which conditions are counted as intersex.[4][5][6] The number of births with ambiguous genitals is in the range of 0.02% to 0.05%.[7] Other intersex conditions involve atypical chromosomes, gonads, or hormones.[4][8] Some intersex persons may be assigned and raised as a girl or boy but then identify with another gender later in life, while most continue to identify with their assigned sex.[9][10] Intersex people were previously referred to as "hermaphrodites" or "congenital eunuchs".[11][12] In the 19th and 20th centuries, some medical experts devised new nomenclature in an attempt to classify the characteristics that they had observed, the first attempt to create a taxonomic classification system of intersex conditions. Intersex people were categorized as either having "true hermaphroditism", "female pseudohermaphroditism", or "male pseudohermaphroditism".[13] These terms are no longer used, and terms including the word "hermaphrodite" are considered to be misleading, stigmatizing, and scientifically specious in reference to humans.[14] The term "hermaphrodite" is now used to describe "an animal or plant having both male and female reproductive organs".[13] In 1917, Richard Goldschmidt created the term intersexuality to refer to a variety of physical sex ambiguities.[13] In clinical settings, the term "disorders of sex development" (DSD) has been used since 2006,[15] a shift in language considered controversial since its introduction.[16][17][18]
I have heard some real horror stories from people born with ambiguous genitalia because of some doctor deciding when they were young that they had to be a male or a female and then performing surgery to make their decision final. there is ample reason to doubt that even 2+2 = 4 is secure on its logical pedestal. Stop worrying about it! Believe me, once you get to Calculus all the faddish stuff starts to fade away. You can't really progress beyond that unless you were taught under a very isolated More methodology. And even then, despite the nomenclature and symbolic differences the underlying mathematics is still the same. Seriously, just stop worrying about it.JVL
December 30, 2020
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If the ironclad, commonsense, and universal observation that there are only 2 genders, male and female, can become a highly controversial proposition within just a decade, then there is ample reason to doubt that even 2+2 = 4 is secure on its logical pedestal.OldArmy94
December 30, 2020
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Silver Asiatic:
According to Seattle educators, math instruction in the United States is an example of “Western Math,” which apparently is the appropriation of mathematical knowledge by Western cultures. While everyone agrees that two plus two is four, three times three is nine, and that there are three hundred and sixty degrees in a circle, Western Math critics worry about more nuanced issues, such as why we teach kids Western counting and not, for example, how the Aborigines count.
So, nothing to do with saying 2 + 2 is not equal to 4.
Apparently, ancient cultures also used different terminology to refer to addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may have focused on geometric shapes different from triangles and circles. They may have called the degrees in a circle something other than degrees. And now it seems that math education—in all of its abstraction—should become culturally and socially focused away from those Westerners who coopted it.
How is this markedly different from teaching Roman numerals? Anyway, it wasn't co-opted, the mathematical community eventually always goes for the cleanest, neatest nomenclature or symbolic representation. That's why Liebniz's notation mostly beat out Newton's in the great Calculus 'war'.
Students will be taught how “Western Math” is used as a tool of power and oppression, and that it disenfranchises people and communities of color. They will be taught that “Western Math” limits economic opportunities for people of color. They will be taught that mathematics knowledge has been withheld from people of color.
That's clearly just stupid. What we need are better math teachers, period. Teachers who are passionate about the topic and will spend time with all their students showing them the joy and pleasure and incredible uses of mathematics. It's just a fad, it will fade just like all the others. As soon as anyone gets to an engineering course all that stuff will go out the window in favour of good techniques and rigorous methodologies. I'm all in favour of highlighting the contributions of all peoples to mathematics. I'm all in favour of showing different systems and ways of thinking. But, in the end, the mathematics is what it is; it's true and immutable and if you think otherwise then you're probably in the wrong subject area. But you’re under-estimating the power of leftist revolutionary forces in our society. Fads come, they go. This will pass just like the 'new math' of the 60s.JVL
December 30, 2020
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AaronS1978: Furthermore, transgender, why is that considered normal when it is very likely psychological disease that needs to be treated like schizophrenia Because it's not a psychological disease. Maybe you'd like to update your sociological standards to something closer to 2020. They are biologically a female that includes their brain, so why is it that they destroy their body in an attempt to be something they biologically can never really be If you really want to know I'm sure with even a very small amount of effort you could find narratives written by some of the folks under discussion and find out why they feel compelled to alter their physical body. Anyway, who cares? it doesn't affect you. This can effectively turn 2 + 2 = 4 into a circumstantial equation being its 4 only in standard Arithmetic It's easy enough to find systems where 'symbolically' 2 + 2 does not equal 4, try using base three for example. But the quantities underlying the equation do not change, just the symbols and the words. As an aside, modular arithmetic has lots of good practical uses and you will see the mod function in any of your standard spreadsheet programs. Even if you could without a shadow of a doubt prove the equation Infallible you can still have a crazy fringe groups of nuts pollute peoples perception and Deceive them to believe otherwise Whatever, if they don't want to be engineers or physicists or chemists or even biologists what do I care?JVL
December 30, 2020
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I don’t know but when you say nothing is something than you might has well 2 + 2 = 4 is actually 8 for the the spaces + and = all constitute something and nothing can be a variable Also the abstract exists of this is only in you perception (head) It can be argued through string theory 2 + 2 = isn’t exactly 4 which was an argument an old friend of mine had put up years ago, I’ll have to ask what that was This can effectively turn 2 + 2 = 4 into a circumstantial equation being its 4 only in standard Arithmetic Then there is the novel 1984 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four Also if it was always 4, and no exceptions, then H2O wouldn’t be a thing and nor would most compounds as often they are more then the some of their parts and sport additional emergent properties. I’m just being an ass but Even if you could without a shadow of a doubt prove the equation Infallible you can still have a crazy fringe groups of nuts pollute peoples perception and Deceive them to believe otherwise @sev Before you even mention it no IM NOT referring to religion and yes there are religious groups that do exactly that NOT all of themAaronS1978
December 30, 2020
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Yes, SA, there can be different terminologies, but "dos más dos es igual a cuatro" doesn't change the underlying mathematical abstraction. And the politics of who gets taught what, and what gets emphasized, etc., concerns the politics of math education, not the math itself. One can be concerned about that politics (I am not a supporter of the ideas you quote), but I don't see why the distinction between the math itself and these other cultural issues are not clear. No one is offering some alternative to 2 + 2 = 4.Viola Lee
December 30, 2020
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JVL
Anyway, again, nothing to do with mathematics.
Well, educators in Seattle disagree. It has a lot to do with mathematics:
According to Seattle educators, math instruction in the United States is an example of “Western Math,” which apparently is the appropriation of mathematical knowledge by Western cultures. While everyone agrees that two plus two is four, three times three is nine, and that there are three hundred and sixty degrees in a circle, Western Math critics worry about more nuanced issues, such as why we teach kids Western counting and not, for example, how the Aborigines count. Apparently, ancient cultures also used different terminology to refer to addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may have focused on geometric shapes different from triangles and circles. They may have called the degrees in a circle something other than degrees. And now it seems that math education—in all of its abstraction—should become culturally and socially focused away from those Westerners who coopted it. Seattle’s new proposed math curriculum will take US public school math instruction where no one has gone before. Students will be taught how “Western Math” is used as a tool of power and oppression, and that it disenfranchises people and communities of color. They will be taught that “Western Math” limits economic opportunities for people of color. They will be taught that mathematics knowledge has been withheld from people of color. https://www.hoover.org/research/seattle-schools-propose-teach-math-education-racist-will-california-be-far-behindseattle
This is from last year. So it's just beginning. Seattle is perceived as one of the most progressive communities. Progressive? In the educational community that term is their gold-standard. This will not disappear but will grow.
Mathematics is not going to change because of some cultural movement. It’s not. It can’t. You guys trying to making it sound like it’s under threat is just scare mongering.
I appreciate your point of view and your concern. I perceive that you have a strong personal belief in this. Math is somehow sacred. Untouchable. But you're under-estimating the power of leftist revolutionary forces in our society.Silver Asiatic
December 30, 2020
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Transgender rights always confuse me because they are people and they have the same rights all other people do It feels more like additional rights Furthermore, transgender, why is that considered normal when it is very likely psychological disease that needs to be treated like schizophrenia I’m not trying to be racist and I have no problem with transgender but they have a Y chromosome that dictates biologically that they are a male including their brain. they go through great efforts to Disfigure Their body and remove their genitals to achieve their goal of being the other sex The same goes for having 2 X chromosomes They are biologically a female that includes their brain, so why is it that they destroy their body in an attempt to be something they biologically can never really be So again I have no problem with human rights but I think there’s a little bit more going on here than I am a woman trapped in a man’s bodyAaronS1978
December 30, 2020
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I agree with JVL's last paragraph.Viola Lee
December 30, 2020
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Silver Asiatic: There’s a mass effort to redress the wrongs of racism. Nothing to do with mathematics. You seem to be arguing for populism. Math has some common, very widespread appreciation and support. Huh? Not even close. There was no mass movement to take down statues of Abraham Lincoln, for example. But the statues came down because of consideration of fringe-minority concerns. And the evidence of very long term, systemic racism in the US. The same is true of transgender rights. There’s no mass movement of interest in that, even though now it is a part of US Presidential campaign platforms and our society will continue to radically change as a result. Depends on who you talk to. Most of the under-25 year-olds I know are perfectly okay with transgender rights. Many of them have known someone who is transgender and they know there's nothing to be afraid of. Being nice to people whose gender identity is not the same as yours is no great sacrifice. Anyway, again, nothing to do with mathematics. Mathematics is not going to change because of some cultural movement. It's not. It can't. You guys trying to making it sound like it's under threat is just scare mongering.JVL
December 30, 2020
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JVL
There is no mass attempt to cast mathematics as racist.
There's a mass effort to redress the wrongs of racism. You seem to be arguing for populism. Math has some common, very widespread appreciation and support. But the point for the leftist-revolution is about "minority rights". There was no mass movement to take down statues of Abraham Lincoln, for example. But the statues came down because of consideration of fringe-minority concerns. The same is true of transgender rights. There's no mass movement of interest in that, even though now it is a part of US Presidential campaign platforms and our society will continue to radically change as a result.Silver Asiatic
December 30, 2020
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JVL is full of non-sequiturs today.ET
December 30, 2020
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KF
JVLO, VL et al, whoever said we are dealing with those with any respect for civilisation? Science is just another racist institution, and Maths too.
Exactly. Civilization is not sacred to some people. Nor is math, science, technology. God is not sacred to them. Founding fathers, constitutions - none of that. The male-dominated, Euro-centric rules of math are oppressive and highly Trumpian-conservative. Some would prefer a society reduced to stone-age primitivism. We can all be equalized through poverty and misery. The revolution eats its own. Even professors with all the correct, leftist credentials come under assault. The same people who cried out in horror because supposedly ID and Creationism is an attack on education, welcome the very Marxists into their camp who can bring the entire structure down to the ground.Silver Asiatic
December 30, 2020
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None of this politics, sociology, pedagogical theory, design philosophy, or theology has anything to do with the purely mathematical fact that 2 + 2 = 4 is true.Viola Lee
December 30, 2020
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Querius: When the mob tells you that “white male” mathematics is fundamentally racist and pummels your university or other employer, you will also agree . . . or be replaced with someone who does. The design inference screams at anyone with an open scientific mind, but how many in academia are willing to openly admit to this observation, which is both obvious and pragmatic. Umm . . . are you sure you're drawing the right parallels between those two situations? EVERYONE, except a few people trying to garner some attention (and who clearly do not understand how mathematics works) thinks that, while mathematics has mostly be developed by white males (arguably Arabic and Indian mathematicians have added some core concepts) the truth of mathematics transcends the people who formalised it. It has to. There is no mass attempt to cast mathematics as racist. There just isn't. You just like to highlight the ones on the fringe. The design inference is accepted by very, very few working scientists especially amongst the biological community. And there are some famous cases of people, like Dr Behe, who kept their position and their tenure even though their employer found their opinions contrary to currently understood science. So believing in Intelligent Design is NOT the academic death threat despite the way it's commonly presented here. So, it looks like the idea that mathematics is racists and the intelligent design inference are both highly fringe beliefs. Not accepted by a vast majority of the people working in the pertinent fields.JVL
December 30, 2020
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When the mob tells you that "white male" mathematics is fundamentally racist and pummels your university or other employer, you will also agree . . . or be replaced with someone who does. And then when using the word, "God" is recognized as hate speech that triggers profound psychological pain in certain individuals, you will face criminal charges as well. The design inference screams at anyone with an open scientific mind, but how many in academia are willing to openly admit to this observation, which is both obvious and pragmatic*? Are you willing to suffer the consequences when everyone else caves in? * Obvious in the sense of the massive quantity and density of information, which is conserved in nature and overcomes entropy, but doesn't have any known natural source, Maxwell's daemon notwithstanding. It's pragmatic in the sense that the presumption of intelligent design leads to accelerated scientific discovery rather than the presumption of purposelessness as with "junk" DNA for example. For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools . . . - Romans 1:20-22 (KJV) -QQuerius
December 30, 2020
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JVLO, VL et al, whoever said we are dealing with those with any respect for civilisation? Science is just another racist institution, and Maths too. KFkairosfocus
December 30, 2020
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ET: They have even said that mathematics is racist. No one is going to change the basic setup that underlies all of physics and chemistry. Under certain circumstances you might throw out an axiom because the mathematics better models an extreme or un-normal (by human experience standards) situation. Topology is very weird by experiential standards but it works well when considering gravitational well. But even relativity and Quantum Mechanics sits on a bed of some very basic mathematics.JVL
December 30, 2020
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Give it time, Viola. They are going after everything else. They have even said that mathematics is racist.ET
December 30, 2020
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There is no one proposing any changes to the fundamental structure of our number system. If you change the axioms then you have a new system. In Euclidean geometry it is absolutely true that the sum of the angles in a triangle is 180°. If you change the parallel postulate to one of its other two possibilities the sum of the angles in a triangle is not 180°. That doesn't change the truth of the fact in Euclidean geometry.Viola Lee
December 30, 2020
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06:37 AM
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Nice non-sequiturET
December 30, 2020
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