Cells are chock full of information systems, not just DNA
| June 2, 2018 | Posted by News under Cell biology, Embryology, Intelligent Design |
From Jonathan Wells at ENST, looking at a variety of systems, including the bioelectric code:
Regional differences in cells and embryos can be specified in other ways besides localization of RNAs in the cortex. Two of those ways have been studied in great detail: the “sugar code” and the “bioelectric code.”
Most proteins in living cells — including those in membranes — are chemically bonded to carbohydrates called “glycans” (from the Greek word for “sweet”). The nucleotides in DNA are linked together end-to-end in a linear molecule, so DNA sequence information is one-dimensional. In living cells, the subunits in proteins (with a few exceptions) are also linked in a linear chain. But glycans can be linked together in complex three-dimensional ways, so their information-carrying capacity exceeds that of DNA and proteins by many orders of magnitude.3
The information carried by glycans has been called the “sugar code.”4 The sugar code is “interpreted” by proteins called lectins, which “recognize” specific three-dimensional structures of glycan molecules. Glycans and lectins play an essential role in communication among cells and help to guide cell movements in a developing embryo. Experiments have shown that membrane patterns of glycans change in the course of embryo development.5
In addition to the sugar code, probably all living cells (not just nerve and muscle cells) generate electric fields across their membranes. They do this by pumping charged ions through channels in their membranes, creating a “bioelectric field.” The pattern of membrane channels determines the form of the bioelectric field, and the form of the field changes during embryo development.
Bioelectric fields are correlated with important developmental events. In frog embryos, for example, large ionic currents start flowing out of the sites where the hind limbs will develop long before the limbs actually appear. More.
These, and the many other systems described, cannot have come about simply by natural selection acting on random mutation (Darwinism), no matter what they are teaching in school.
See also: How much does DNA influence cell shape?
and
2013 paper: Bioelectric code helps govern embryo shape
5 Responses to Cells are chock full of information systems, not just DNA
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Of course! DNA is just 1GB of memory and thus totally inadequate to specify the development of any organism (that’s less than the OS in your mobile phone!):
http://nonlin.org/dna-not-essence-of-life/
Of related note: The information content of the entire cell is found to be much greater than the information encoded on just on DNA. For instance, the genome of E. coli is estimated to be 4.6 x 10^6 bits yet the information content of the entire E. coli cell when working from the thermodynamic perspective is found 10^12 bits.
,,, 10^12 bits is equivalent of 100 million pages of Encyclopedia Britannica. ‘In comparison,,, the largest libraries in the world,, have about 10 million volumes or 10^12 bits.”
Moreover, the information content of the entire human body is found to be much greater that just the 3.2 billion (10^9) base pairs encoded on the DNA. For instance, the 3.2 x 10^9 base pairs of information encoded on human DNA could easily be stored on a single thumb drive. Yet, as the following video notes, the information required to build a human infant, atom by atom, would take up the equivalent of enough thumb drives to fill the Titanic, multiplied by 2,000.
The following video states that “There are 10^28 atoms in the human body.,, The amount of data contained in the whole human,, is 3.02 x 10^32 gigabytes of information. Using a high bandwidth transfer, that data would take about 4.5 x 10^18 years to teleport 1 time. That is 350,000 times the age of the universe.”
The following article also came to, very roughly, the same 10^32 bits estimate
As we can see from gargantuan disparity between the 10^12 bits of spatial and/or positional information required for E. coli and the 10^32 gigabytes of spatial and/or positional information required for a human we can see that there is exponentially more positional information required to explain a human than for a E. coli.
Moreover, we have fairly strong evidence indicating that this enormous amount of positional information, that is telling all the atoms of the developing embryo of a human exactly where to be is somehow coming into the developing embryo from outside the material realm.
For instance, at about the 41:00 minute mark of the following video, Dr. Wells, using a branch of mathematics called category theory, demonstrates that, during embryological development, information must somehow be added to the developing embryo, ‘from the outside’, by some ‘non-material’ method.
Likewise, Thom concluded in his book Structural Stability and Morphogenesis that the process of development should be thought of as being controlled by an “algebraic structure outside space-time itself”.
Further evidence that information is coming into a developing embryo by some ‘non-material’ method is found by the fact quantum correlations somehow arise from outside spacetime, in the sense that no story in space and time can describe them,,,
And yet these quantum correlations which somehow arise from outside spacetime, are now found in molecular biology on a massive scale. In every DNA and Protein molecule,,,
Moreover, the following article points out that the unresolved enigma of protein folding, that is to say, the unresolved enigma for how a protein might achieve its basic 3-dimensional form, can be easily explained if the process of folding is a quantum affair.
In fact, in direct contradiction to Darwinian claims that held information was merely a metaphor, information is now shown to be a physically real entity that is separate from matter and energy. A physical real entity that has, of all things, a quote unquote ‘thermodynamic content’
Of related note to information now being shown to have a ‘thermodynamic content’, in the following paper, Dr Andy C. McIntosh, who is professor of thermodynamics and combustion theory at the University of Leeds, holds that it must be non-material information that is constraining biological life to be so far out of thermodynamic equilibrium. Moreover, Dr. McIntosh holds that regarding information as independent of energy and matter ‘resolves the thermodynamic issues and invokes the correct paradigm for understanding the vital area of thermodynamic/organisational interactions’.
A particularly crystal clear example for demonstrating that immaterial information is its own distinct physical entity that is separate from matter and energy, is Quantum Teleportation, where, as the following article states, the photons aren’t disappearing from one place and appearing in another,,, it is only the information that gets teleported from one place to another.
In fact, in quantum mechanics it is information that is primarily conserved, not necessarily matter and energy that are primarily conserved, as matter and energy are primarily conserved in classical mechanics. As the following article states, ‘In the classical world, information can be copied and deleted at will. In the quantum world, however, the conservation of quantum information means that information cannot be created nor destroyed.’
In fact, classical ‘digital’ information has now been found to be a subset of ‘non-local’, (beyond space and time), quantum information by the following method:
Moreover, besides widespread quantum effects being found on the molecular level of biological systems, there is also some fairly compelling evidence that quantum effects must be at play on the macro level of organisms as well.
For instance, the following article notes that,, ‘research,, has shown that humans can detect the presence of a single photon. The researcher notes his surprise at the finding and states, “The response that the photon generates survives all the way to the level of our awareness despite the ubiquitous background noise. Any man-made detector would need to be cooled and isolated from noise to behave the same way.”,,,
As well, in the following article it is noted that Multielectrode recordings have revealed zero time lag synchronization among remote cerebral cortical areas.
Moreover, further evidence suggesting that quantum mechanisms are at play on the macro level of the human body is also revealed in the following article where it is revealed that a ‘subject perceives a sensory stimulus on the skin at the moment the skin is touched, before the stimulus reaches the brain and before full deliberative consciousness occurs.’
Of final note, besides quantum information providing direct empirical falsification of neo-Darwinian claims that say information is emergent from a material basis, the implication of finding ‘non-local’, beyond space and time, and ‘conserved’, quantum information in molecular biology on such a massive scale, is fairly, and pleasantly, obvious.
That pleasant implication, or course, being the fact that we now have direct physical evidence strongly indicating that we do indeed have an eternal soul that is capable of living beyond the death of our material bodies.
As Stuart Hameroff notes in this following video, “the quantum information,, isn’t destroyed. It can’t be destroyed.,,, it’s possible that this quantum information can exist outside the body. Perhaps indefinitely as a soul.”
Verses:
Thus in conclusion, the reductive materialistic framework of Darwinian evolution is found to be grossly inadequate for explaining how any particular organism might achieve its basic form.
Moreover, to state what should be glaringly obvious, since neo-Darwinian explanations are grossly inadequate for explaining how any particular organism might achieve its basic form, then neo-Darwinian speculations for how one type of organism might transform into another type of organism are based on pure fantasy and have no discernible experimental basis in reality.
Whereas, on the other hand, Theism, especially with these recent breakthroughs in quantum biology,,,
,,,is found to be very well supported in its claim that God has formed each of us in our mother’s womb.
Verses and music:
Welcome to Code Biology:
Of course this information can’t be circulated. It is a clear refutation of the current mainstream dogma.