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Is there such a thing as morality or ethics?

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Atheist broadcaster Matt Dillahunty now challenges neurosurgeon Michael Egnor: There is no way to know whether a moral doctrine represents any reality apart from belief:

Michael Egnor: You’ve agreed with me that there are people who act out of respect for an objective moral law.

Matt Dillahunty: I agree with you there are people who act that way because of their belief and whether they believe it’s objective or not is irrelevant. They can believe it’s subjective and still do it. [01:29:30]

Michael Egnor: So, you don’t believe that it’s objectively wrong, for example, to kill innocent people, or rape babies, or exterminate the Jews?

Matt Dillahunty: Hang on. We just went through a whole bunch of stuff and when you got to a point where it was exposed that you were wrong about what you said, you went back to: I don’t think it’s objectively wrong to rape people and kill babies. That’s not what we were just discussing. We were discussing altruism and whether or not there’s a justification for it.

Michael Egnor: Yeah. But it’s what we’re discussing now, Matt. My question is, is it objectively wrong to do certain things, outside of opinions? [01:30:00]

Matt Dillahunty: I’ve already answered this and I’m sorry that you don’t understand it. I will try one more time.

When you declare what a foundation of morality is, once that’s done, you can compare the consequences of various actions with respect to that foundation, with respect to that goal. That comparison can be objective in the same way that the rules of chess are ultimately arbitrary. They didn’t have to be that way. We made up the game. It is objectively against the rules for you to move your pawn forward four spaces at the beginning of the game. Now, you can say, is it objectively wrong? Well, no, we could have house rules, but we’re talking about these rules.

News, “8. Does morality really exist? If so, does it come from God?” at Mind Matters News

C.S. Lewis (1898–1963) certainly disagreed with Dillahunty in The Abolition of Man (1943), where he talks about the Tao that forms the basis of all human morality.

Takehome: Michael Egnor insists that a moral law exists independently of varying opinions. As C.S. Lewis pointed out, that has always been the traditional view worldwide.


The debate to date:

  1. Debate: Former atheist neurosurgeon vs. former Christian activist. At Theology Unleashed, each gets a chance to state his case and interrogate the other. In a lively debate at Theology Unleashed, neurosurgeon Michael Egnor and broadcaster Matt Dillahunty clash over the existence of God.
  2. A neurosurgeon’s ten proofs for the existence of God. First, how did a medic, formerly an atheist, who cuts open people’s brains for a living, come to be sure there is irrefutable proof for God? In a lively debate at Theology Unleashed, Michael Egnor and Matt Dillahunty clash over “Does God exist?” Egnor starts off.
  3. Atheist Dillahunty spots fallacies in Christian Egnor’s views. “My position is that it’s unacceptable to believe something if the available evidence does not support it.” Dillahunty: We can’t conclusively disprove an unfalsifiable proposition. And that is what most “God” definitions, at least as far as I can tell, are.
  4. Egnor now tries to find out what Dillahunty actually knows… About philosophical arguments for the existence of God, as he begins a rebuttal. Atheist Dillahunty appears unable to recall the philosophical arguments for God’s existence, which poses a challenge for Egnor in rebutting him.
  5. Egnor, Dillahunty dispute the basic causes behind the universe. In a peppery exchange, Egnor argues that proofs of God’s existence follow the same logical structure as proofs in science. If the universe begins in a singularity (where Einstein’s equations break down), what lies behind it? Egnor challenges Dillahunty on that.
  6. Is Matt Dillahunty using science as a crutch for his atheism? That’s neurosurgeon Michael Egnor’s accusation in this third part of the debate, which features a continued discussion of singularities, where conventional “laws of nature” break down.
    If the “supernatural” means “outside of conventional nature,” Michael Egnor argues, science routinely accepts it, based on evidence.
  7. Dillahunty asks 2nd oldest question: If God exists, why evil? In the debate between Christian neurosurgeon Michael Egnor and atheist broadcaster Matt Dillahunty, the question of raping a baby was bound to arise.
    Egnor argues that there is an objective moral law against such acts; Dillahunty argues, no, it is all just human judgment.
  8. Does morality really exist? If so, does it come from God? Matt Dillahunty now challenges Michael Egnor: There is no way to know whether a moral doctrine represents any reality apart from belief. Michael Egnor insists that a moral law exists independently of varying opinions. As C.S. Lewis pointed out, that has always been the traditional view worldwide.

You may also wish to read:

Science can and does point to God’s existence. Michael Egnor: Natural science is not at all methodologically naturalist — it routinely points to causes outside of nature. If we are to understand natural effects, we must be open to all kinds of causes, including causes that transcend nature.

The Divine Hiddenness argument against God’s existence = nonsense. God in Himself is immeasurably greater than we are, and He transcends all human knowledge. A God with whom we do not struggle — who is not in some substantial and painful way hidden to us — is not God but is a mere figment of our imagination.

Atheist Claims about logical fallacies often just mean: Shut Up! In the recent debate, Matt Dillahunty accuses theists of “the fallacy of the argument from personal incredulity” because we examine his claims and find them incredible. What atheists fear most is having to explain themselves, and the invocation of fictitious “fallacies” is one of their favorite ways to evade scrutiny.

and

Theists vs. atheists: Which group has the burden of proof? Because Dillahunty refuses to debate me again, I’ll address his claim that atheists have no burden of proof in the debate over God’s existence in this post. Both atheists and theists make positive statements about the nature of the universe. If atheists shun the ensuing burden of proof, it should count against them.

Comments
KF
This includes things that in effect boil down to the apparent world is something like a distributed computer simulation.
Is it WJM's claim that the world is something like a computer simulation?Origenes
November 8, 2021
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Origenes he alluded to earlier exchanges. My point is that any species of grand delusion is self-defeating. This includes things that in effect boil down to the apparent world is something like a distributed computer simulation. KFkairosfocus
November 8, 2021
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KF:
... if our senses and cognition are fundamentally unreliable, it’s over for our credibility of mind.
Where exactly did WJM make the argument that our senses and cognition are fundamentally unreliable? I cannot find it. Can you provide a quotation?Origenes
November 8, 2021
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WJM, why the gratuitous false accusation? Recall, Physicist today, Physics student then. It was then and is today my business to study and take seriously the in common physical world. I am also aware today and would have instantly seen then that refusal to take such evidence seriously is self defeating; if our senses and cognition are fundamentally unreliable, it's over for our credibility of mind. Which would reduce attempted discussion to empty noise. KFkairosfocus
November 8, 2021
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MNY, I normally have little in common with Wikipedia; often I cite them as speaking against interest. Here, they are actually apt, as concerning our error proneness:
In philosophy, objectivity is the concept of truth independent from individual subjectivity (bias caused by one’s perception, emotions, or imagination [–> notice, error-proneness issues]). A proposition is considered to have objective truth when its truth conditions are met without bias caused by a sentient subject. [--> or group of such]
KFkairosfocus
November 8, 2021
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KF @537, For a guy who claims to have a duty to truth, you apparently don't mind lying by evasion and omission.William J Murray
November 8, 2021
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WJM, again, you have put up something that collapses in the starting gates. I had then and have now no good reason to imagine that the in common physical world is an illusion. KFkairosfocus
November 8, 2021
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@KF It's a dramatic explanation you make with the error proneness. It's also quite meaningless to the points at issue. It's not an accurate description of the logic used with subjecivity and objectivity in common discourse, therefore it must be thrown out. Your definitions of subjectivity and objectivity come from your fantasy. The logic of subjectivity and objectivity that is in common discourse was put there by God.mohammadnursyamsu
November 8, 2021
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Origenes Note how “existing outside of mind”, that is existing in the world of objects, makes the term ‘objectivity’ perfectly logical. Objectivity is what comes from the world of objects, as opposed to subjectivity which comes from inner world of the subject.
Stop humiliating yourself. You try to spin the sense of objectivity to fit your proven false idea . Objectivity comes from objective(impartial/unbiassed) not from an object(a material thing).
For some obscure reason Kairosfocus insists on making the claim that the hyper-subjective statement “I exist” is an ‘objective truth’ — whatever that means
Stop squirming around you will learn to live being proved wrong .
Ram Why, in your view, is eternal torment a justified punishment? What function does it serve to keep individuals suffering without end, if there is no chance of rehabilitation? Why not just snuff them out?
Wow , another one who is more kind and compassionate than God Himself. Impressive. God died for our sins but I'm sure you can do more than Him because you seem to be more kind-hearted . So you said it in comments that you are better than God , now it's time to prove it practically so what is your evidence that you are more kind than God please no bald assertions. Ok? " Eternal torment" is a free choice of free people and not a punishment from God . God wants that all people be saved but He can't trespass the free will of man . God came on Earth and died for the sins of all people. He virtually forgave all sins of all people from all times but can't save people by force He needs their free will to accept Him and His sacrifice for them. Who reject Him reject to be forgiven ,reject His inestimable gift.Lieutenant Commander Data
November 8, 2021
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KF @531, For God's sake, that's not what I asked you. I'm not asking you to justify your belief in that perspective. Will you not answer the question?William J Murray
November 8, 2021
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MNY, demonstrably, projection on your part. Enough has been explained to see why there is a need to provide warrant towards reliability and accuracy given our error proneness. Were you taught to cross check your sums in elementary school? That should give a clue or two. KFkairosfocus
November 8, 2021
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@Jerry It's not really the point to offer something new, when the debaters are being immoral. Animated Dust, KF, Querius, WJM, Origenes, yourself, et. you are all guilty of fantasizing the defintion of subjectivity and objectivity. Instead of (trying to ) accurately reflect the logic used in common discourse with subjective statements, and objective statements.mohammadnursyamsu
November 8, 2021
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WJM, only a few of our civilisation have ever tried to imagine that the external world is a grand illusion; that can be one way to view Plato's parable of the cave. They immediately run into self-referential incoherence by way of discrediting their own senses and mental faculties; dead end. As a student of Physics and math at the time, such an absurdity would have been immediately recognised and rejected for what it is, a self-defeating snare. KFkairosfocus
November 8, 2021
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KF said:
So, logic, epistemology and encounter with the living God came first, not any particular frame apart from recognition that the worldviews and presuppositions concept was pivotal.
So, at the time, you did not believe on any level conscious or subconscious, perhaps as something that you just took for granted, that there was an objective world of matter and energy that existed external of your (and anyone's) mind/consciousness that we are all accessing and interacting with?William J Murray
November 8, 2021
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The cardinal rule of UD. From 10 days ago and 250 comments ago @284
I am actually trying to end the debate. Nothing new is being offered. All are repeats of previous threads. If all goes according to history, my attempts will be ignored. This has all happened before and goes in circles as a few have no interest in doing anything other than proving others wrong and must insult them to do so. For what were they inslulted? The person insulted was just espousing what most have accepted for millennia. The person insulted tries to defend themselves by trying to explain and will get insulted for doing so. It goes on and on as if the point of view was not understood when it absolutely clearly understood. The best strategy is when another insults another or provides an inane reply, is to just drop it and not answer. But then some will take that as acquiesce and that they won. Thomas More strategy – TMS
jerry
November 8, 2021
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Defenitions: Subjectivity : to choose an opinion, on what it was that made a choice turn out the way it did Objectivity : to make a 1 to 1 corresponding model in the mind, of a creation, forced by the evidence of it That is the actual underlying logic everyone uses in subjective statements and objective statements, in common discourse. So all subjective statements, like saying a painting is beautiful, are in reference to a decisionmaker. To say a painting is beautiful, then the decisionmaker has a love for the way the painting looks in his heart, out of which love he chooses to express the word "beautiful". All objective statements are basically just copies. To say there is a camel out the back, just copies in words, the scene of there being a camel in the back. That the camel is a "creation", means there first was a possibility of the camel being out theback, and then this possibility was made the present, by choice.mohammadnursyamsu
November 8, 2021
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WJM, as a note, I have sought to frame my understanding of being, cosmology and knowledge in general on what I have found to be reliable. As a young uni student I underwent a two-year personal reconstruction of my worldview, which could have gone in many directions, though it was anchored to two convictions, the reality of my relationship with God through living encounter with Christ and the general reliability of the scriptures. The result was shaped by what decades later I have summarised as first duties of reason though there was no systematisation of a framework. I was also pretty well convinced that socialist utopianism -- especially Marxism -- was a grand failure and menace to liberty under law. So, logic, epistemology and encounter with the living God came first, not any particular frame apart from recognition that the worldviews and presuppositions concept was pivotal. KFkairosfocus
November 8, 2021
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profiling the cliff's edge https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/barna-profiles-a-generation-on-the-cliffs-crumbling-edge-78-million-us-millennials/kairosfocus
November 8, 2021
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Origines, a pretzel. There are two relevant perspectives on absolute truth, the latest straw you are clutching at. First, the ideal upper end of the spectrum of warrant that establishes objectivity. That is the sense in which an absolute truth is a case -- the strongest case -- of objective truth. In the second, warrant is not particularly in view and we are looking at purity and want of dilution with adulterants: the truth, the whole relevant truth, nothing but the truth. But how do we become confident of such a state? Warrant, to utter certainty, and a broad enough span of warranted claims to cover material issues so we are not looking at half truths or truths augmented by toxic error or falsehood. Again, you have tried to wedge things apart that belong together. I suppose, in a day that has twisted tolerance to support relativism, subjectivism and emotivism, objectivity, warrant and absoluteness of truth as such are unfamiliar and may be seen as outdated, suspect and discredited concepts. So much the worse for our day and for those who betrayed their solemn duties of intellectual leadership to put us here on a crumbling cliff's edge as a civilisation. It is time for a counterculture. KFkairosfocus
November 7, 2021
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KF @523
Absolute truth is an ideal degree of truthfulness attainable in some cases where warrant is utterly certain; self evidence being an example, in which case it is the upper limit to the spectrum of objectivity where possibility of error has been wrung out completely.
As is the case with "I exist". So, according to you, "I exist" is an absolute truth. Is 'objective truth' the same as 'absolute truth'? Not according to you (see @516). So, "I exist" is, according to you, an absolute truth and not a objective truth. Got it?Origenes
November 7, 2021
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PPS: Absolute truth is an ideal degree of truthfulness attainable in some cases where warrant is utterly certain; self evidence being an example, in which case it is the upper limit to the spectrum of objectivity where possibility of error has been wrung out completely. It is also a case where we have truth, the whole relevant truth and nothing but the truth, without particular regard to how we can be confident of such.kairosfocus
November 7, 2021
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Origines, the context of objectivity has been explained as a prudent response to our error-proneness. Which is where warrant comes from as a relevant consideration. And, Mathematical entities such as {} are clearly objective but are abstracta contemplated by minds. So are states of affairs such as the correspondence between a true statement and the reality it describes. KF PS: This is one time Wikipedia is apt:
In philosophy, objectivity is the concept of truth independent from individual subjectivity (bias caused by one's perception, emotions, or imagination [--> notice, error-proneness issues]). A proposition is considered to have objective truth when its truth conditions are met without bias caused by a sentient subject. Scientific objectivity refers to the ability to judge without partiality or external influence . . .
kairosfocus
November 7, 2021
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Queirius I have a question for you: Suppose that God would ask you to be his new prosecutor. So, your job would be presenting evidence against sinners and bring them to justice — that is, send them to hell for eternity. Would you accept the job? If not, why not?Origenes
November 7, 2021
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Querius @514, You apparently are unfamiliar with the concept of cost/benefit. From what I've read from WJM, I'm sure that WJM has a clear cost/benefit value in his mind with regard to smoking. None of that post applies to eternal torment, which is a completely different question. For any sane person who clearly understands what eternal torment putatively is (as your particular theology asserts), no temporary benefit would be worth eternal torment.ram
November 7, 2021
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Ram on LCD:
No comment necessary.
Indeed. LCD is a clown.Origenes
November 7, 2021
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Querius @515 I don't know where you're getting the idea that Wills changing the Wills of others is necessarily a bad or undesirable thing. It happens all the time. You're trying to do it to me right now. Nobody has anything like absolute free will. As for the creator communicing a consequence of eternal torment to humans, I'm sure he could figure out how to do it without too many negative effects. Even if it caused a bit of psychological upset, it's better than eternal torment. At any rate, never once have I ever had the idea that eternal torment would be a proper remedy for anything my children have done or could do. The punishments I have meted out to my children involved full disclosure, that is, I never punished them for anything for which they had no clear understanding of the consequences. Why, in your view, is eternal torment a justified punishment? What function does it serve to keep individuals suffering without end, if there is no chance of rehabilitation? Why not just snuff them out? Something is missing from your theology. If you don't have the answer, and apparently you don't, wouldn't the honest thing to do be to forthrightly admit it? --Ramram
November 7, 2021
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Ram: I never once have had the idea of throwing them into eternal torment no matter what the do. LCD: Ok ,I understood that your kids can do whatever they want without consequences. If they want to set your house on fire or to play with guns/knifes/other dangerous tools or to kill you/your pets/other people you will let them do it. So sweet. Now I know that are not a monstrous parent you just have mental problems. No comment necessary. --Ramram
November 7, 2021
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Let us return to the straightforward clear understandable definition of 'objectivity' by the Merriam Webster dictionary:
Objective – based on facts rather than feelings or opinions; existing outside of the mind : existing in the real world
Note how “existing outside of mind”, that is existing in the world of objects, makes the term ‘objectivity’ perfectly logical. Objectivity is what comes from the world of objects, as opposed to subjectivity which comes from inner world of the subject. For some obscure reason Kairosfocus insists on making the claim that the hyper-subjective statement “I exist” is an 'objective truth' — whatever that means. One problem for Kairosfocus is that “I exist” does not sit well with the Merriam Webster definition, since “I exist” cannot be said to exist “outside of mind.” Kairosfocus has continually argued that because “I exist” is self-evident it is ‘objectively’ true. This is a bald assertion, he did not attempt to explain why the term ‘objectively’ is linked to self-evident statements.
Kairosfocus: “I exist, a perception of consciousness, is self-evident and objectively true. KF” “(…) principles that can be seen as self-evident and thus objectively the case as true.” “Being self-aware that I exist, is a case where the warrant is undeniably certain for the one involved, is self-evident and undeniably true thus warranted to utter certainty. It therefore passes the successful warrant test and is not only a matter of subjective awareness but is objectively warranted.”
The reader might want to that in other threads Kairosfocus has made very different claims. In the quote below Kairos claims that self-evident undeniable truths (such as “I exist”) are not ‘objective truths’ at all, instead, they are ‘absolute truths.’
Kairosfocus: (...) objectivity is not synonymous with either infallibility or absolute truth. Something is infallibly true where it is beyond possibility of error, typically due to some form or other of self-evident undeniability, e.g. that ||| + || –> ||||| which we may symbolise as 3 + 2 = 5. Absolute truth is the whole, untainted, undiluted correct description of a matter in hand: truth, the whole relevant truth, nothing but the truth. (Hence the famous court room oath.) By contrast, objective truth is about the degree of truth that is externally accessible (i.e. in principle available to “anyone”)
Origenes
November 7, 2021
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Ram @500,
Querius: how would God communicate with humanity without destroying their free will? Ram: By communicating with them. And persuading them. Just as you do with various people in your life, I would assume. Have you ever had children?
Wouldn't that constitute coercion for most people? Wouldn't it scare the **** out of them and obliterate their free will? Imagine that happening to you. I think you might also doubt your sanity or assume you experienced a hallucination. Hallucinations are not uncommon. https://www.medicaldaily.com/5-most-common-types-hallucinations-401071 Yes, we have children. A couple of times, I heard from one of them, "Dad, you were right." Blew me away, although "being right" wasn't EVER my goal.
Persons attempt to persuade persons constantly with the intent of altering their choices. That’s part of the dynamic of personal interaction. You’re doing that in this thread.
Yes, indeed. But how many times have you heard anyone say, or you saying to them, "You know you're right. What you're saying really makes sense and you've convinced me." Almost never, both here and in business or academia. Generally, the best to hope for is, "You made me think about it." There are some people here who are insightful and I appreciate them making me think about an issue, even if I don't always agree with them. -QQuerius
November 7, 2021
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Ram @471,
Dying of cancer is not the same as eternal torment.
I didn’t say they were the same. They're not even spelled with the same first letter. But let me illustrate the principle. William J Murray stated in @413 that
I was just out having a smoke on my porch and I had an epiphany about this.
So, I think I’m safe to believe that he’s a smoker. But there are only a limited number of reasonable possibilities as to why: A. He’s clueless about the danger of smoking, and he hasn’t read the warning label. B. He denies the medical studies linking smoking with lung cancer, as did the big tobacco companies in the 1980s. C. He considers himself a meat robot pre-programmed or predestined to smoke, so he’s not at fault. D. He loves the pleasure of smoking so much he overrides his intellectual knowledge of the consequences of smoking. So, which of these in your opinion is the most likely reason? -QQuerius
November 7, 2021
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