Zack Kopplin: There is No Scientific Evidence Against Evolution

_{Cornelius Hunter

May 5, 2015

Intelligent Design}

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Zack Kopplin is the face of rational thought. Kopplin is a bright, energetic young man opposing the forces of anti intellectualism and ignorance that deny science and the fact of evolution, and seek to inject religious beliefs into the public schools. There’s only one problem. While we are delighted to see young people get involved in public policy issues, Kopplin is feverishly promoting precisely what he claims to be opposing. Read more

Comments

Carp, the limitations for the 'plasticity' of any particular organism are much more severe than you imagine and are only problematic for neo-Darwinists who believe all life arose by unguided material processes via virtually unlimited plasticity in organisms.
Multiple Overlapping Genetic Codes Profoundly Reduce the Probability of Beneficial Mutation George Montañez 1, Robert J. Marks II 2, Jorge Fernandez 3 and John C. Sanford 4 - published online May 2013 Excerpt: In the last decade, we have discovered still another aspect of the multi- dimensional genome. We now know that DNA sequences are typically “ poly-functional” [38]. Trifanov previously had described at least 12 genetic codes that any given nucleotide can contribute to [39,40], and showed that a given base-pair can contribute to multiple overlapping codes simultaneously. The first evidence of overlapping protein-coding sequences in viruses caused quite a stir, but since then it has become recognized as typical. According to Kapronov et al., “it is not unusual that a single base-pair can be part of an intricate network of multiple isoforms of overlapping sense and antisense transcripts, the majority of which are unannotated” [41]. The ENCODE project [42] has confirmed that this phenomenon is ubiquitous in higher genomes, wherein a given DNA sequence routinely encodes multiple overlapping messages, meaning that a single nucleotide can contribute to two or more genetic codes. Most recently, Itzkovitz et al. analyzed protein coding regions of 700 species, and showed that virtually all forms of life have extensive overlapping information in their genomes [43]. 38. Sanford J (2008) Genetic Entropy and the Mystery of the Genome. FMS Publications, NY. Pages 131–142. 39. Trifonov EN (1989) Multiple codes of nucleotide sequences. Bull of Mathematical Biology 51:417–432. 40. Trifanov EN (1997) Genetic sequences as products of compression by inclusive superposition of many codes. Mol Biol 31:647–654. 41. Kapranov P, et al (2005) Examples of complex architecture of the human transcriptome revealed by RACE and high density tiling arrays. Genome Res 15:987–997. 42. Birney E, et al (2007) Encode Project Consortium: Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project. Nature 447:799–816. 43. Itzkovitz S, Hodis E, Sega E (2010) Overlapping codes within protein-coding sequences. Genome Res. 20:1582–1589. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789814508728_0006 Multiple Overlapping Genetic Codes Profoundly Reduce the Probability of Beneficial Mutation George Montañez 1, Robert J. Marks II 2, Jorge Fernandez 3 and John C. Sanford 4 - May 2013 Conclusions: Our analysis confirms mathematically what would seem intuitively obvious - multiple overlapping codes within the genome must radically change our expectations regarding the rate of beneficial mutations. As the number of overlapping codes increases, the rate of potential beneficial mutation decreases exponentially, quickly approaching zero. Therefore the new evidence for ubiquitous overlapping codes in higher genomes strongly indicates that beneficial mutations should be extremely rare. This evidence combined with increasing evidence that biological systems are highly optimized, and evidence that only relatively high-impact beneficial mutations can be effectively amplified by natural selection, lead us to conclude that mutations which are both selectable and unambiguously beneficial must be vanishingly rare. This conclusion raises serious questions. How might such vanishingly rare beneficial mutations ever be sufficient for genome building? How might genetic degeneration ever be averted, given the continuous accumulation of low impact deleterious mutations? http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789814508728_0006 Biological Information - Overlapping Codes 10-25-2014 by Paul Giem - video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OytcYD5791k&index=4&list=PLHDSWJBW3DNUUhiC9VwPnhl-ymuObyTWJ Overlapping Genetic Codes 12-6-2014 by Paul Giem - video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WZy0n60_ZU In the book "Biological Information: New Perspectives" Chapters 6 and 9 (at least) argue that stretches of DNA can have multiple functions encoded into them. We will partially evaluate the strength of the evidence behind that argument. 1. Marks, R. J. II et al. 2013. Biological Information: New Perspectives. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. - Book available in sections at http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/8818#t=toc
bornagain77_{May 5, 2015
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bornagain77: Yes, changes are limited by the environment. After the genetic engineering is done, there is no guarantee that any changes will survive on their own in the ecosystem they are inserted into. That limitation is shared by ID and evolution. It also means that ID is limited to slow changes else you risk destroying the ecosystem you are targeting. This means you may threaten established organisms not simply newly engineered ones if you don't know completely the effect the new organisms will have.Carpathian_{May 5, 2015
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Carp you state: "In the hands of GMO scientists, genetics can make huge changes." Other than the fact that intelligent agents, not Darwinian processes, are purposely introducing genes, John Sanford, inventor of the "Gene Gun", and leading pioneer in GMO, would disagree strongly with your 'huge changes' boast. In fact, after years of research into genetics, he holds to the model of genetic entropy which directly contradicts the claims of neo-Darwinists. Genetic Entropy - Dr. John Sanford - Evolution vs. Reality - video https://vimeo.com/35088933bornagain77_{May 5, 2015
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In the hands of GMO scientists, genetics can make huge changes.Carpathian_{May 5, 2015
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Evolution is limited, not by the environment but by what changes genetics can produce.Joe_{May 5, 2015
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Mung:
Intelligently designed scientific experiments have repeatedly demonstrated that evolution is unguided.
Evolution is limited by the environment. That is why some organisms with mutations don't survive and others do. In this sense, evolution is guided by its environment.Carpathian_{May 5, 2015
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podcast - "Micro to Macro: Neo-Darwinists Give Small Evidence for Big Claims" http://intelligentdesign.podomatic.com/entry/2015-05-04T17_19_08-07_00bornagain77_{May 5, 2015
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Intelligently designed scientific experiments have repeatedly demonstrated that evolution is unguided.Mung_{May 5, 2015
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Of course there is no evidence against Darwinian evolution for Zack because any evidence against it can be dismissed out of hand.....Andre_{May 5, 2015
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semi related note: I Don't Have Enough Faith to be an Atheist - Norman Geisler, PhD - video https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-0zpu2toenaPM19kDyBsPibjaGAxup9K Christ Journey Church (2015) - Philosopher Norman Geisler speaks on Christian apologetics and the amount of faith it takes to be an atheist.bornagain77_{May 5, 2015
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Zack Kopplin is a confused chump.Joe_{May 5, 2015
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