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Life arose from chemical imbalances?

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From ScienceDaily:

The water world theory from Russell and his team says that the warm, alkaline hydrothermal vents maintained an unbalanced state with respect to the surrounding ancient, acidic ocean — one that could have provided so-called free energy to drive the emergence of life. In fact, the vents could have created two chemical imbalances. The first was a proton gradient, where protons — which are hydrogen ions — were concentrated more on the outside of the vent’s chimneys, also called mineral membranes. The proton gradient could have been tapped for energy — something our own bodies do all the time in cellular structures called mitochondria.

The second imbalance could have involved an electrical gradient between the hydrothermal fluids and the ocean. Billions of years ago, when Earth was young, its oceans were rich with carbon dioxide. When the carbon dioxide from the ocean and fuels from the vent — hydrogen and methane — met across the chimney wall, electrons may have been transferred. These reactions could have produced more complex carbon-containing, or organic compounds — essential ingredients of life as we know it. Like proton gradients, electron transfer processes occur regularly in mitochondria.

“Within these vents, we have a geological system that already does one aspect of what life does,” said Laurie Barge, second author of the study at JPL. “Life lives off proton gradients and the transfer of electrons.”

As is the case with all advanced life forms, enzymes are the key to making chemical reactions happen. In our ancient oceans, minerals may have acted like enzymes, interacting with chemicals swimming around and driving reactions. In the water world theory, two different types of mineral “engines” might have lined the walls of the chimney structures. More.

So the exact right genetic codes and protein machines to read, repair, and copy them and carry out all the activities for life can be explained by “minerals may have acted like enzymes, interacting with chemicals swimming around and driving reactions.” And life is not now popping up everywhere because…?

Acceptance of free-floating speculation for decades on end as “science” for no other reason than that it is naturalist is harmful to the concept of science—unless what we mean by science is “whatever promotes naturalism.” Why, one wonders, do proponents of naturalist atheism not become nervous about the use of this sort of silliness to promote their beliefs? Readers?

See also: The Science Fictions series at your fingertips (origin of life)

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Comments
The "life arose from chemical imbalances" postion is obviously true. After all, the chemical imbalances continue to this day. How else would psychiatry survive? We must therefore conclude that mental illness is a vestigial effect left over from our primordial ancestors.Moose Dr
April 22, 2014
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My shiny new lawn mower sits in my carport, inert, "dead". It has every physical component it needs to be an efficient grass mulching machine. Yet, until I pull the starting cord, hell will freeze over before it clips even one blade of grass. By pulling the cord, I can transform it from a marvelous assemblage of precision components in a "dead" static state to a "living" dynamic state in which it will stay as long as the fuel doesn't run out or the carburetor doesn't plug up or the air filter doesn't clog or the spark plug doesn't foul or the valves don't stick or the gasoline isn't poisoned with water or ... or ... or ... and causes the mower to "die". The presence of all the parts for a living organism doesn't automatically make it alive. That is a necessary condition but not a sufficient condition. Someone needs to "pull the cord" to start it up. Thereafter, it will remain alive as long as all its components continue to perform well enough to maintain it in the state of dynamic equilibrium. StephenSteRusJon
April 22, 2014
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gpuccio hit the nail squarely on its head with a 10 pound sledge by stating
The only credible scenario for OOL remains: energy first + information first + demarcation first + RNA first + DNA first + proteins first + something else that we still don’t understand first. It’s usually called a prokaryote.
I propose the "something else" is the forcing of the assembled system from the state of static equilibrium called "dead" to the state of dynamic equilibrium called "alive". Now, repeat after me. "SPECIAL CREATION!" StephenSteRusJon
April 22, 2014
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Mung, Eric: The best thing that I can say about those bizarre attempts at proposing what cannot be true, a metabolism first approach to OOL, is that they have understood well the problem, but they don't want to give the only possible answer. It is perfectly true that the energy problem is the first problem, together with the demarcation problem, which is an essential part of the energy problem. Living being are true paradoxes: they violate the essence of the second law without apparently violating its detail. To do that, you need a lot of available energy and a lot of available information to manage that energy. And you need intelligent demarcation between the utterly unlikely environment where all that is realized, and the rest of the world. Protein first, DNA first, RNA first and any mixture of that is only a big failure from the start. What you need is energy and information. The only credible scenario for OOL remains: energy first + information first + demarcation first + RNA first + DNA first + proteins first + something else that we still don't understand first. It's usually called a prokaryote.gpuccio
April 21, 2014
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Mung @8 and 9: Good finds and great questions. This, in particular, represents another huge challenge to the materialist creation story:
robust protocells must be capable of self-repair. The wide array of mechanisms for repair of damaged DNA, chaperoning of protein folding, repair or degradation of macromolecules damaged by free radicals, and pumping of ions and other species to maintain the internal cell state, attests that cells must correct constantly for random events …
Typically, we tend to just gloss over this need. Surely, after all, if something is functioning it will just keep on functioning, right? Another naive assumption that perhaps needs to hit the dust bin. ----- And, by the way, why do people keep talking about protocells? If all they are referring to is the "first cells" or "early cells" on Earth, then that would seem to be the best way to describe them. No. By using the prefix "proto" they imply (if not being forthcoming enough to explicitly state) that something less than a real cell is all that was needed to get the magic of the creation story underway. Something -- conveniently -- more vague and subject to the whims of imagination. Yet what we see in reality, at every turn, is that essentially everything we find today in our simplest cells is necessary: a complex membrane, information-rich molecules, translation mechanisms, control mechanisms, repair mechanisms, and so on. We can certainly contemplate what the earliest cell may have looked like -- it is a useful endeavor -- but what is becoming increasingly clear is that it must have been substantially similar -- at least in processes and functions, and coordinated complexity -- to what we see in the simplest cells today. Using the prefix "proto" doesn't add any useful information in our quest to understand early life; rather it typically obscures, giving us the impression that we are talking about a real entity, something that really existed, something that -- in vague and unspecified ways amenable to the materialist imagination -- helped bridge the gap from chemicals to "real" cells.Eric Anderson
April 21, 2014
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Vox Day chose Easter sunday to publish the personal testimony of John C Wright, noted science fiction author. I recommend it all, but especially this bit:
Third, a friend of mine asked me what evidence, if any, would be sufficient to convince me that the supernatural existed. This question stumped me. My philosophy at the time excluded the contemplation of the supernatural axiomatically: by definition (my definition) even the word "super-natural" was a contradiction in terms. Logic then said that, if my conclusions were definitional, they were circular. I was assuming the conclusion of the subject matter in dispute. Now, my philosophy at the time was as rigorous and exact as 35 years of study could make it (I started philosophy when I was seven). This meant there was no point for reasonable doubt in the foundational structure of my axioms, definitions, and common notions. This meant that, logically, even if God existed, and manifested Himself to me, my philosophy would force me to reject the evidence of my senses, and dismiss any manifestations as a coincidence, hallucination, or dream. Under this hypothetical, my philosophy would force me to an exactly wrong conclusion due to structural errors of assumption. A philosopher (and I mean a serious and manly philosopher, not a sophomoric boy) does not use philosophy to flinch away from truth or hide from it. A philosophy composed of structural false-to-facts assumptions is insupportable. A philosopher goes where the truth leads, and has no patience with mere emotion.
http://voxday.blogspot.de/2014/04/the-testimony-of-john-c-wright.html Usual caveats apply: I am not endorsing either John C Wight, Vox Day, or any of their beliefs; just sharing a nice piece of writing that happens to speak to the fundamental problem in materialist thinking.ScuzzaMan
April 20, 2014
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From the same book and chapter:
Examining the metabolic pathways of extant organisms reveals the existence of a common core of metabolic processes consisting of the TCA cycle and synthetic pathways for construction of simple amino acids, ribose, purines, and pyrimidines. These would have been the basic requirements for a primitive organism that needed to synthesize the building blocks of macromolecules from small organic compounds available in the environment.
Right. And what drove the need to synthesize these "building blocks"? They were needed, therefore they were synthesized? Really? How did this happen given the barrier of a membrane? This has always been one of those things that has puzzled me. Having never taken a course in biochemistry perhaps what is a mystery to me is quite clear to others. DNA and RNA are macromolecules, correct? Those macromolecules consist of building blocks such as ribose, purines, and pyrimidines, correct? Yet, apparently, those building blocks must be synthesized. Synthesized by what, and how? Synthesized by proteins which require DNA and RNA which require the building blocks which require proteins? How did this happen given the barrier of a membrane?Mung
April 19, 2014
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And here's that future post. Protocells: Bridging Nonliving and Living Matter is a tome of 28 chapters and 653+ pages. Based upon entries in the Index for Hydrothermal vents, there is only a single chapter (Chapter 20: Core Metabolism as a Self-Organized System) that deals with the subject at any length. Conspicuously absent from that chapter is any mention of how biological membranes could have arisen in such an environment. I cant' claim to be at all surprised at the finding.
Little is gained by showing that biologically relevant molecules can be formed under geochemically irrelevant conditions. - p. 453
Indeed. ok, perhaps there was an oblique reference to biomembranes, you decide:
...robust protocells must be capable of self-repair. The wide array of mechanisms for repair of damaged DNA, chaperoning of protein folding, repair or degradation of macromolecules damaged by free radicals, and pumping of ions and other species to maintain the internal cell state, attests that cells must correct constantly for random events ...
But no explanation for their origin.Mung
April 19, 2014
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So I decided to pull out my volume of Protocells: Bridging Nonliving and Living Matter to see what t had to say about biological membranes and hydrothermal vents. That will have to wait for a future post, as this was simply too good to pass up.
In autocatalysis by a biosynthetic network, we see the simplest form of reproduction. When multiple such networks couple to common, limited sources of atomic species and energy, differences in autocatalytic efficiency result in competitive exclusion. Darwinian reproduction and selection are not so much novel concepts, as recapitulations of these simple chemical processes in the more complex context in which heritable variations are not contained in the basic chemical substrate become possible. - p. 446
... heritable variations are not contained in the basic chemical substrate... Emphasis in the original.Mung
April 19, 2014
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I will say that I read the article to see what it said about cell membranes and how they might have arisen in the indicated environment. Not even touched on by the science daily article. I suggest they be renamed Scientism Daily. However:
The realization, now 50 years old, that membrane-spanning gradients, rather than organic intermediates, play a vital role in life's operations calls into question the idea of “prebiotic chemistry.” It informs our own suggestion that experimentation should look to the kind of nanoengines that must have been the precursors to molecular motors—such as pyrophosphate synthetase and the like driven by these gradients—that make life work. It is these putative free energy or disequilibria converters, presumably constructed from minerals comprising the earliest inorganic membranes, that, as obstacles to vectorial ionic flows, present themselves as the candidates for future experiments. - here
Got to love the use of presumably. And notice the reference to nanoengines here hardly follows the analogy offered in the SD article.Mung
April 19, 2014
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I can only hope that these are Canadian researchers. ;)Mung
April 19, 2014
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What started out as simple cells ultimately transformed into slime molds, frogs, elephants, humans and the rest of our planet's living kingdoms.
No such thing as a "simple" cell.
"Life takes advantage of unbalanced states on the planet, which may have been the case billions of years ago at the alkaline hydrothermal vents," said Russell. "Life is the process that resolves these disequilibria."
ok. how does that translate into these disequilibria created life?
The proton gradient could have been tapped for energy -- something our own bodies do all the time in cellular structures called mitochondria.
Could have been tapped for energy by what? The life that did not yet exist?
"Within these vents, we have a geological system that already does one aspect of what life does," said Laurie Barge, second author of the study at JPL. "Life lives off proton gradients and the transfer of electrons."
This is just confused. These gradients do not do what life does. There are all sorts of gradients out there. Gravity for example often provides a gradient that humans make use of, such as with a waterwheel or hydroelectric dam. Oh look, gravity is almost human! It does what humans do. Poppycock! Don't be misinformed by your leaders Larry!
"These mineral engines may be compared to what's in modern cars," said Russell. "They make life 'go' like the car engines by consuming fuel and expelling exhaust.
lol. Now he claims that a source of potential energy is analogous to an automobile engine. The fuel doesn't make cars go and gradients do not make life 'go'. Life makes itself go.Mung
April 19, 2014
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A quick perusal of the article highlighted numerous examples of handwaving... "may have" "possible places" "may have" "could have" "could have" "could have" "could have" "could have" "may have" "might have" "may be" "is thought to have" "is thought to have" "may in fact be" "may explain" "might have arisen" The last paragraph tells a more complete story than the rest of the article- "For now, the ultimate question of whether the alkaline hydrothermal vents are the hatcheries of life remains unanswered. Russell says the necessary experiments are jaw-droppingly difficult to design and carry out..." Get back to me after you run those experiments, Mr. Russell, and have more to talk about other than maybe mighta coulda just possibly.johnp
April 19, 2014
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...the new report assembles decades of field, laboratory and theoretical research into a grand, unified picture.
Sorry. This theory is either sort of an embarrassment, or a full on embarrassment. Pake your tick.Upright BiPed
April 19, 2014
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And so these magic reactions have been occurring uninterrupted for the last 500 million years and that's why there are so many distinct multi-celled animals whose DNA bears no relation to any other multi-celled animal on Earth (since each of the clumps that "came alive" would naturally have different internals). I could accept the basic claim if it were clear that the process continues to happen. But a theory that claims that there was ONCE an electrochemical process that operated under a VERY narrow range of conditions and then STOPPED working for EVER, well, THAT is Magic. Or what anthropologists call a "creation myth".mahuna
April 19, 2014
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