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Platonic forms do not suggest we evolved from fish

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For the sake of argument, let us assume, as Michael Denton did, that there is universal common ancestry. The problem, both in terms of comparative anatomy and biochemistry, is that an unprejudiced view of the data suggests we didn’t evolve from fish. When I brought the topic up earlier in Taxonomic nested hierarchies don’t support Darwinism, in the course of my arguments in that thread, it became ever more apparent even at the molecular level, it was hard to justify the claim that we evolved from fish.

Linnaeus and other creationists perceived Platonic forms we know by names today such as: Vetebrates, Mammals, Primates, and Humans. These forms defy the story that we evolved from fish.

Again, let us suppose we all evolved from a common ancestor. Based on the data, who would be our ancestor? Would it be a fish, or some unspecified vertebrate? Let us, in an unprejudiced way simply lump the most similar organisms with each other based on similarity. What would the REAL groupings look like. Here is the grouping we would see using Bone Morphogenic proteins:

Click here for a larger image: Bone Morphogenic Proteins

bone morphogenic proteins

You’ll get a similar grouping with the protein cytochrome-c which agrees with the old creationist Linnaean classification based on comparison of characters:

linnaean taxonomy

Amusingly, those diagrams were assembled to prove evolution. Superficially the impression of common descent is there, but problematic is the groupings look like the old creationist system where fish aren’t ancestors of mammals but instead (at best) some unspecified vertebrate. As Denton pointed out, as overwhelming the impression is of common descent, overwhelming as well is the impression there can’t be transitionals (like say between fish and mammals), and therefore evolution is impossible even in principle.

The creationist reasoning would go like this:

Vertebrates descend from Vetebrates
Mammals descend from Mammals
Primates descend from Primates
Humans descend from Humans

Therefore: Humans descended from Humans

The Darwinist reasoning goes like this:

Vertebrates descend from Vetebrates
Mammals descend from Mammals
Primates descend from Primates
Humans descend from Humans

Therefore: Humans descended from Fish 😯

So why do Darwinists, in the view of this overwhelming evidence against fish being our ancestors, insist mammals are actually fish (via phylogeny)? I did a little more digging into phylogentics and lo and behold, the answer emerged. Those clever weasels figured out methods to project whatever evolutionary story they want onto the data with fancy sounding methods like: Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetics and Baysian Evolutionary Analysis.

See: Phylogenetics 101. Look at page 25 where it shows how you can build trees with a preconceived model of evolution, and how you can build trees without one. (btw, Joe Felsenstein of PandasThumb and SkepticalZone is featured on page 29). You’ll see that one can build trees anyway you want with these “advanced” methods. All you have to do is assume who the common ancestors are first, and you can force fit the data anyway you want to agree with your preconceived evolutionary story. As I told Nick Matzke many moons ago, with such loose parameters you can argue fish evolved from humans!

And from the Berkeley evolution site:
Phylogentics

Another cool thing about phylogenetic classification is that it means that dinosaurs are not entirely extinct. Birds are, in fact, dinosaurs (part of the clade Dinosauria).

And by such phylogenetic reasoning also, we aren’t mammals we are fish — a claim which is at variance with an unprejudiced grouping based on comparative anatomy and biochemistry. The data agree with the existence of Platonic forms, not the twisted Darwinian view that rejects Platonic forms in favor of saying we are fish.

Though Denton accepts common ancestry, the incongruity of the Darwinist reasoning cannot explain the appearance of Platonic forms which seem to transcend (if not defy) any possible evolutionary story.

After looking at the data in an unprejudiced way, it bothered me that evolutionists would insist we evolved from fish when the data told another story. Something smelled fishy (pun intended).

Comments
I'm beginning to wonder about JLAfan2001; on the one hand, he seems to recognize the necessity of accepting both atheism and nihilism as a result of accepting evolutionary theory as fact but on the other hand, he refuses to acknowledge any evidence for ID contra evolution. As far as fingers coming out of ears, you might want to check yours first before telling anyone else to do anything.Barb
June 5, 2013
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JLAfan2001, Your characterization is incorrect. The age of the geological column is suspect, and even if the column is old it doesn't falsify ID. This is hardly a transitional and only reinforces the isolation of primates from fish. Exactly the opposite of what evolutionist want. This is hardly solving any of the problems laid out in the discussion at hand. Don't make insulting remarks about what other people in this discussion. I've been cordial to you and this is how you pay me back? Shame on you... Just disagree, no need to throw insults at people here that have tried to dialogue with you.scordova
June 5, 2013
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"The below article has just been aired on prime time news here in Britain. You can listen to a 6min interview, rather more than was said on the actual news itself. Worth a read and a listen. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/scie.....t-22770646" The evidence just keeps piling up. I wonder how this squares with the Genesis account? Eventually, the fingers will have to come out of the ears. Another bad day, Another bad day for creationism/ID.JLAfan2001
June 5, 2013
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The below article has just been aired on prime time news here in Britain. You can listen to a 6min interview, rather more than was said on the actual news itself. Worth a read and a listen. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22770646PeterJ
June 5, 2013
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Wd400 writes,
evolution is a gap-forming process.
Interesting. I’d never heard evolution defined this way, but the gaps between the major divisions of animal life have been a problem for evolution since Darwin was alive. Evolutionary theory presumes that fish became amphibians, some amphibians became reptiles, from the reptiles came both mammals and birds, and eventually some mammals became men. Look at the differences between fish and amphibians: Backbones distinguish the fish from the invertebrates. This backbone would have had to undergo major modifications for the fish to become amphibian, that is, a creature that could live both in the water and on land. A pelvis had to be added, but no fossil fish are known that show how the pelvis of amphibians developed. In some amphibians, such as frogs and toads, the entire backbone would have had to change beyond recognition. Also, skull bones are different. In addition, in the forming of amphibians, evolution requires fish fins to become jointed limbs with wrists and toes, accompanied by major alterations in muscles and nerves. Gills must change to lungs. In fish, blood is pumped by a two-chambered heart, but in amphibians by a three-chambered heart. To bridge the gap between fish and amphibian, the sense of hearing would have had to undergo a radical change. In general, fish receive sound through their bodies, but most toads and frogs have eardrums. Tongues would also have to change. No fish has an extendable tongue, but amphibians such as toads do. Amphibian eyes have the added ability to blink, since they have a membrane they pass over their eyeballs, keeping them clean. And now the differences between amphibians and reptiles: Creatures prior to reptiles laid their soft, jellylike eggs in water, where the eggs were fertilized externally. Reptiles are land based and lay their eggs on land, but the developing embryos inside them must still be in a watery environment. The shelled egg was the answer. But it also required a major change in the process of fertilization: It called for internal fertilization, before the egg is surrounded by a shell. To accomplish this involved new sexual organs, new mating procedures and new instincts—all of which constitute a vast gulf between amphibian and reptile. And between reptiles and birds: Reptiles are cold-blooded animals, meaning that their internal temperature will either increase or decrease depending upon the outside temperature. Birds, on the other hand, are warm-blooded; their bodies maintain a relatively constant internal temperature regardless of the temperature outside. While it is true that both reptiles and birds lay eggs, only birds must incubate theirs. And these differences pale in comparison to a bird’s feathers, which present a problem for evolution to explain. Feathers are unique to birds. Supposedly, reptilian scales just happened to become these amazing structures. Out from the shaft of a feather are rows of barbs. Each barb has many barbules, and each barbule has hundreds of barbicels and hooklets. After a microscopic examination of one pigeon feather, it was revealed that it had “several hundred thousand barbules and millions of barbicels and hooklets.” These hooks hold all the parts of a feather together to make flat surfaces or vanes. Nothing excels the feather as an airfoil, and few substances equal it as an insulator. If the barbs of these feathers become separated, they are combed with the beak. The beak applies pressure as the barbs pass through it, and the hooks on the barbules link together like the teeth of a zipper. Most birds have an oil gland at the base of the tail from which they take oil to condition each feather. Some birds have no oil gland but instead have special feathers that fray at their tips to produce a fine talclike dust for conditioning their feathers. And feathers usually are renewed by molting once a year. Knowing all of this about the feather, consider this rather astonishing effort to explain its development: “How did this structural marvel evolve? The differences between reptiles and mammals: The very name “mammal” points up one big difference: the existence of mammary glands that give milk for the young, which are born alive. Theodosius Dobzhansky suggested that these milk glands “may be modified sweat glands.” But reptiles do not even have sweat glands. Moreover, sweat glands give off waste products, not food. And unlike baby reptiles, the mammalian young have both the instincts and the muscles to suck the milk from their mother. Mammalian mothers have highly complex placentas for the nourishment and development of their unborn young. Reptiles do not. There is no diaphragm in reptiles, but mammals have a diaphragm that separates the thorax from the abdomen. The organ of Corti in the ears of mammals is not found in reptilian ears. This tiny complex organ has 20,000 rods and 30,000 nerve endings. Mammals maintain a constant body temperature, whereas reptiles do not. Mammals also have three bones in their ears, while reptiles have only one. One last item: When the amphibian supposedly evolved into a reptile, the wastes eliminated were noted to have changed from urea to uric acid. But when the reptile became a mammal there was a reversal. Mammals went back to the amphibian way, eliminating wastes as urea. In effect, evolution went backward—something that theoretically it is not supposed to do.Barb
June 5, 2013
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lifepsy, Do you think there is a natural grouping (such as that shown) above despite your findings? I think the grouping works well at the anatomical level, but as you point out, there are some shockers at the molecular level. Thanks. Salscordova
June 5, 2013
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miRNA alone turns mammal phylogeny on its head. I have compared many random individual genes in Ensembl genome browser http://useast.ensembl.org/index.html It is typical to find, for example, gene of a mammal with more sequence similarity to a lizard or bird than some other mammals. Biologists are now admitting there is no accurate molecular clock with which to measure genetic transitions over time. And the funny thing is, that at the end of the day evolutionists act all vindicated that animals of similar phenotype have similar genetics. Yes, that is great evidence for evolution, providing you assume evolution can be the only explanation. Of course the people of this religious darwinian institution were convinced that fish shape-shifted into humans before genes were even discovered, so I don't know why anyone is expecting them to be objective and scientific.lifepsy
June 5, 2013
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Even though evolutionary phylogenies have serious problems the old creationist platonic forms are brutally in evidence. The ease with which they can be constructed, relative to phylogenies is astonishing. Fish are vertebrates Mammals are vertebrates Birds are vertebrates By comparison, the phylogenists with all their "advanced" methods can't seem to sort out what is so easily in evidence if they leave the ancestors as "unspecified" or worse just leave the ancestor as some conceptual construct from which all species descended, but the notion of a conceptual ancestor suggests an intelligence since a concept is something that exists only in minds. The phylogenists are having problems building believable trees because the platonic forms are at variance with phylogenies.. The data resist anything except a conceptual platonic ancestor, and unfortunately for the Darwinists, if the conceptual ancestor results in the least conflicted phylogeny, then common design is a superior explanation for the data, not common descent. That conceptual phylogeny is brutally in evidence as shown above. The Darwinist phylogeny where mammals descend from fish is incongruous relative to the "phylogeny" where mammals and fish descend from a conceptual ancestor. It would be nice to run all those phylogeny programs where we leave the common ancestor as merely conceptual and see if we start getting substantially less conflicted phylogenies. :-)scordova
June 5, 2013
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Sal "The fossil record doesn’t contain believable transitionals because the were none." Even worse, there's no clear definition of "transitional" even means. Just because some fossil F exhibits features found in an older fossil, F-1 and also, perhaps a younger fossil, F-3, doesn't mean its somehow sequentially transitional fossil F-2, especially given the usually very long time gaps in between them. As Dembski once wrote it's like saying we can walk from California to Japan because we discovered the Hawaiian Islands.DonaldM
June 5, 2013
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In some cases you might use a particular fossil to constrain the age of a node in a tree,
So you can take a bird as the common ancestor of all mammals and fish. That's exactly the problem. Whereas, the unspecified vertebrate unifies the vertebrates in the most natural way. That's why the transformed cladists got into hot water -- they saw all the similarities, grouped them together (like I did above) and you get sister groups with no parent explicitly shown. It seems the "parent" was a common design from the mind of an intelligence, and the grouping actually preclude notions of a transitional. The fossil record doesn't contain believable transitionals because the were none.scordova
June 5, 2013
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Joe’s book is the best. No, phylogenies don’t assume a chronology. In some cases you might use a particular fossil to constrain the age of a node in a tree, so you can estimate teh ages of others, but that doesn’t effect the shape of the tree.
Thanks for the correction and thanks for the book recommendation.
What you call “platonic forms” arise because evolution is a gap-forming process. The fact they break-down when you get deeper into the fossil record is also evidence there is nothing platonic about them.
The forms looks very evident to me. The gaps are very evident between fish and man, and that's what I'm complaining about, if we descended from fish we shouldn't be clustering so far away from them. We're very distinct morphologically, the diagnostic characters that distinguish mammals from fish seem pretty strong. You can't apply the similarity argument in so ad hoc a way. If you insist mammals descended from mammals, that's quite believable, but to say mammals descended from fish, no. Fish and mammals share diagnostic characters common to vertebrates, and thus logically you should invoke an unspecified vertebrate ancestor for both mammals and fish, but in that case, mammals did not descend from fish, maybe some unspecified vertebrate at best. That's what the evidence shows morphologically and biochemically today.scordova
June 5, 2013
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WD400 in #5:
Joe’s book is the best. No, phylogenies don’t assume a chronology. In some cases you might use a particular fossil to constrain the age of a node in a tree, so you can estimate teh ages of others, but that doesn’t effect the shape of the tree. What you call “platonic forms” arise because evolution is a gap-forming process. The fact they break-down when you get deeper into the fossil record is also evidence there is nothing platonic about them.
WD refers to the book Inferring Phylogenies by Joseph Felsenstein, Professor of Genome Sciences and Biology, Univ. of Washington, School of Medicine. Until WD's post, I had not heard of Felsenstein or his book. But, in looking at the link to the Amazon.com info on the book, I was able to read the intro and the table of contents to see what it deals with. It is interesting to note a couple of things. There appear to be no accepted or agreed upon methods for inferring any particular phylogeny. Indeed, the book seems to be a review of research, mostly from the last 40 years or so, and summary of where the research stands (or rather stood as of 2006 when it was published). From the table of contents, there appear to be many different phylogentic trees proposed, but no agreed upon method to determine which one is the actual one that represents what really happened in the development of life forms, nor any way to determine if there is an actual one at all. It appears to be a case of assuming the very thing it is supposed to be demonstrating or, at least, confirming - evolution. WD also says that phylogenies don't assume chronology. I don't see how they can't. Phylogenetics is an attempt to reconstruct relational sequences. A sequence is, by definition, an order where A leads to B which leads to C and so on. How is that not a chronology? If WD means that phylogenies don't assume any particular chronology (but just assume there is one), that is a different matter. Either way, a chronology is inferred. Just look at the first page or so of Chapter 1 of Inferring Phylogenies which is at the link WD kindly provided. So, I don't know what WD means by "phylogenies don't assume chronology"? Another point and question, I don't know what WD means by "evolution is a gap forming process"? Is this a new definition of evolution? I haven't run across this one before. I've always thought that evolution was a gap-closing processes, attempting to close the gaps of evolutionary history to arrive a complete picture of the history of life on planet earth. Perhaps some elaboration on this point would help. And finally, considering Inferring Phylogenies and WD's post, it is difficult to see how any of the data referred to could not also be construed in the context of common design, as KF alluded to in #9. Does phylogenetics provide a principled scientific way to eliminate common design while preserving common ancestry? If so, I don't see mention of that in the Table of Contents of Felsensteins book. Perhaps he simply overlooked it.DonaldM
June 5, 2013
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PS: Blind watchmaker common descent, not CD in any form.kairosfocus
June 5, 2013
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WD: Inconsistencies are a serious problem, period. This is just one of the problems that the usual models presented as all but certain fact, glide over neatly. And remember, this is nowhere near my main concerns [which start from the pivotal issue, OOL and FSCO/I, cf here . . . still open for discussion]. But just ask, on what basis do you distinguish common descent from common library with reuse, adaptation, mechanisms for manipulation and possibly front loading? KFkairosfocus
June 5, 2013
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Phylogenetics assume evolution occurred, it does not provide evidence for it.Joe
June 5, 2013
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You'll be glad to know that, for animals at least, they mainly are, KF. We also understand why some tree-topologies are particularly difficult to recover and the scenarios under wicch species trees are not expected to match gene-trees.wd400
June 5, 2013
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It would also help if the different molecular "trees" of alleged ancestry were consistent.kairosfocus
June 5, 2013
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Joe's book is the best. No, phylogenies don't assume a chronology. In some cases you might use a particular fossil to constrain the age of a node in a tree, so you can estimate teh ages of others, but that doesn't effect the shape of the tree. What you call "platonic forms" arise because evolution is a gap-forming process. The fact they break-down when you get deeper into the fossil record is also evidence there is nothing platonic about them.wd400
June 5, 2013
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You should probably try and learn the first thing about molecular phylogeny and modern systematics before you dismiss it.
Fair enough, can you suggest a good textbook. But, doesn't it bother you that molecular similarities group the way they do? So isn't it true if you assume humans are the ancestor of all fish and birds (with some guessed at chronology), you can also build a phylogenetic tree using sequence substitution that says fish and birds descended from humans? All this to say, the phylogeny is based on an assumed chronology, and the chronology is based on the fossil record based on the geological column based on phylogeny. "The circle is now complete." But maybe to humor your point a little more, let us say the ancestor of humans and fish were some unspecified vertebrate, wouldn't you get a much nicer looking phylogeny? We'd have a lot fewer conflicting phylogenies as a result wouldn't we? But the problem is, the evolutionary story says we had to evolve from fish. And even supposing that is true, how then did the groupings that look like platonic forms arise. So we don't have to dismiss phylogeny at all, but let's not force-fit fish as the ancestor of mammals since the molecular and anatomical data don't agree with scenario. An unspecified vertebrate will do the trick a lot better.scordova
June 5, 2013
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You should probably try and learn the first thing about molecular phylogeny and modern systematics before you dismiss it. The models of evolutoin that slide is talking about are models of sequence evolution, which account for changes of state between DNA-bases and variation in those rates across a gene sequences. You can't just chose a model that will give you a particular tree, and, in fact, in most cases the model is chosen from that data and it's parameters are estimated from it. No one thinks all fish are as closely related to humans as other fish, any more than they think rats as closely related to whales as they are to other mammals. The point is us some fish are more closely related to tetrapods than they are to other fish.wd400
June 5, 2013
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Conversely, I took human cytochrome-c and ran BLAST. You'll see fish are no where near primates, in fact fish didn't even show up in the first few pages of the query since so many other creatures were closer to humans than fish. Again, this affirms the old creationist Linnaean classification, not the Darwinist classification that says we are fish:
I gathered the following statistics just for you a few minutes ago from this website: http://www.uniprot.org/blast/uniprot/20130531706FSKUI3W?offset=50&sort=score Look at the percent resemblance between the protein in humans (homo sapiens) and other creatures. I highlighted humans, chimps, mice, and rats: Gorilla gorilla gorilla (Lowland gorilla) 100.0% Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee) 100.0% Hylobates lar (Common gibbon) (White-handed gibbon) 100.0% Hylobates agilis (Agile gibbon) 100.0% Pongo sp. 100.0% Gorilla gorilla (western gorilla) 100.0% Pan paniscus (Pygmy chimpanzee) (Bonobo) 100.0% Homo sapiens (Human) 100.0% Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan) (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) 100.0% Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee) 100.0% Homo sapiens (Human) 100.0% Gorilla gorilla gorilla (Lowland gorilla) 100.0% Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating macaque) (Cynomolgus monkey) 99.0% Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque) 99.0% Lophocebus aterrimus (Black crested mangabey) (Cercocebus aterrimus) 99.0% Cercocebus galeritus (Tana river mangabey) 99.0% Cercopithecus cephus (Moustached monkey) 99.0% Papio anubis (Olive baboon) 99.0% Theropithecus gelada (Gelada baboon) 99.0% Mandrillus leucophaeus (Drill) (Papio leucophaeus) 99.0% Macaca sylvanus (Barbary macaque) 99.0% Macaca arctoides (Stump-tailed macaque) 99.0% Macaca cyclopis (Taiwan macaque) 99.0% Macaca nemestrina (Pig-tailed macaque) 99.0% Chlorocebus aethiops (Green monkey) (Cercopithecus aethiops) 99.0% Chlorocebus aethiops (Green monkey) (Cercopithecus aethiops) 99.0% ... Nasalis larvatus (Proboscis monkey) 99.0% ... Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating macaque) (Cynomolgus monkey) 98.0% Papio hamadryas (Hamadryas baboon) 97.0% Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque) 96.0% Trachypithecus cristatus (Silvered leaf-monkey) (Presbytis cristata) 97.0% Ateles sp. (Spider monkey) 95.0% Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque) 95.0% Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating macaque) (Cynomolgus monkey) 94.0% Heterocephalus glaber (Naked mole rat) 92.0% Tupaia chinensis (Chinese tree shrew) 91.0% Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan) (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) 94.0% Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan) (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) 94.0% Saimiri sciureus (Common squirrel monkey) 92.0% Brachyteles arachnoides (Southern muriqui) (Woolly spider monkey) 92.0% Ateles paniscus (Black spider monkey) (Red-faced black spider monkey) 92.0% Saimiri sciureus (Common squirrel monkey) 92.0% Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) 91.0% Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) 91.0% Callithrix jacchus (White-tufted-ear marmoset) 91.0% Macropus giganteus (Eastern gray kangaroo) 90.0% 523 3.0×10-66 CYCS CYC Mus musculus (Mouse) 91.0% Otolemur garnettii (Small-eared galago) (Garnett's greater bushbaby) 91.0% Mirza coquereli (Coquerel's mouse lemur) (Microcebus coquereli) 91.0% Propithecus verreauxi (White sifaka) (Verreaux's sifaka) 91.0% Hapalemur griseus (Gray gentle lemur) (Eastern lesser bamboo lemur) 91.0% Rattus norvegicus (Rat) 91.0% Mus musculus (Mouse) 91.0% Perodicticus potto (potto) 90.0% Daubentonia madagascariensis (Aye-aye) (Sciurus madagascariensis) 91.0% Lagothrix lagotricha (Brown woolly monkey) (Humboldt's woolly monkey) 92.0% Ovis aries (Sheep) 90.0% Sus scrofa (Pig) 90.0% Bos taurus (Bovine) 90.0%
scordova
June 5, 2013
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Here is the BLAST sequence I ran on cytochrome-c of TUNA. You'll note, humans are nowhere near the fish in terms of similarity, hence, it is most definitely forced to say we descended from fish. If we descended from fish, humans would be up there with all the rest of the fish in the following list. We are not:
Katsuwonus pelamis (Skipjack tuna) (Bonito) 100.0% Thunnus alalunga (Albacore) 98.0% Larimichthys crocea (Croceine croaker) (Pseudosciaena crocea) 94.0% Larimichthys crocea (Croceine croaker) (Pseudosciaena crocea) 93.0% Anoplopoma fimbria (Sablefish) 93.0% Takifugu rubripes (Japanese pufferfish) (Fugu rubripes) 92.0% Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) 92.0% Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (Brachydanio rerio) 93.0% Tetraodon nigroviridis (Spotted green pufferfish) (Chelonodon nigroviridis) 90.0% Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) 92.0% Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) (Salmo gairdneri) 92.0% Ictalurus furcatus (blue catfish) 91.0% Esox lucius (Northern pike) 91.0% Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) 91.0% Caligus rogercresseyi 91.0% Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) (Salmo gairdneri) 91.0% Esox lucius (Northern pike) 90.0% Osmerus mordax (Rainbow smelt) (Atherina mordax) 91.0% Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) (Salmo gairdneri) 89.0% Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) 89.0% Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) 88.0% Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) 88.0% Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) (Salmo gairdneri) 88.0% Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana) 87.0% Lithobates catesbeiana (American bullfrog) (Rana catesbeiana) 86.0% Bos grunniens mutus 86.0% Ovis aries (Sheep) 86.0% Sus scrofa (Pig) 86.0% Bos taurus (Bovine) 86.0% Mus musculus (Mouse) 86.0% Rattus sp. 86.0% Otolemur garnettii (Small-eared galago) (Garnett’s greater bushbaby) 86.0% Mirza coquereli (Coquerel’s mouse lemur) (Microcebus coquereli) 86.0% Propithecus verreauxi (White sifaka) (Verreaux’s sifaka)86.0% Hapalemur griseus (Gray gentle lemur) (Eastern lesser bamboo lemur) 86.0% ….. ….. Gorilla gorilla (western gorilla) 81.0% Pan paniscus (Pygmy chimpanzee) (Bonobo) 81.0% Homo Sapiens (Human) 81.0% Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee) 81.0%
scordova
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