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Ken Miller’s Strawman No Threat to ID

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Earlier today the News desk posted a video of Brown University biochemist Ken Miller’s takedown of ID. This is a fascinating video and it is worthwhile to post a transcript for those readers who do not have time to stream it. The video is excerpted from a BBC documentary called, with scintillating journalistic objectivity, The War on Science.

BBC Commenter: In two days of testimony [at the Dover trial] Miller attempted to knock down the arguments for intelligent design one by one. Also on his [i.e., Miller’s] hit list, Dembski’s criticism of evolution, that it was simply too improbable.

Miller: One of the mathematical tricks employed by intelligent design involves taking the present day situation and calculating probabilities that the present would have appeared randomly from events in the past. And the best example I can give is to sit down with four friends, shuffle a deck of 52 cards, and deal them out and keep an exact record of the order in which the cards were dealt. We can then look back and say ‘my goodness, how improbable this is. We can play cards for the rest of our lives and we would never ever deal the cards out in this exact same fashion.’ You know what; that’s absolutely correct. Nonetheless, you dealt them out and nonetheless you got the hand that you did.

BBC Commentator: For Miller, Dembski’s math did not add up. The chances of life evolving just like the chance of getting a particular hand of cards could not be calculated backwards. By doing so the odds were unfairly stacked. Played that way, cards and life would always appear impossible.

Now, to be fair to Miller, in a letter to Panda’s Thumb, he denies that his card comment was a response to Dembski’s work. He says poor BBC editing only made it appear that he was responding to Dembski, when really, “all I was addressing was a general argument one hears from many ID supporters in which one takes something like a particular amino acid sequence, and then calculates the probability of the exact same sequence arising again through mere chance.”

The problem with Miller’s response is that even if one takes it at face value he still appears mendacious, because no ID supporter has ever, as far as I know, argued “X is improbable; therefore X was designed.” Consider the example advanced by Miller, a sequence of 52 cards dealt from a shuffled deck. Miller’s point is that extremely improbable non-designed events occur all the time and therefore it is wrong to say extremely improbable events must be designed. Miller blatently misrepresents ID theory, because, as I noted above, no ID proponent says that mere improbability denotes design.

 
Suppose, however, your friend appeared to shuffle the cards thoroughly and dealt out the following sequence: all hearts in order from 2 to Ace; all spades in order from 2 to Ace; all diamonds in order from 2 to Ace; and then all clubs in order from 2 to Ace.  As a matter of strict mathematical probability analysis, this particular sequence of 52 cards has the exact same probability as any other sequence of 52 cards. But of course you would never attribute that sequence to chance. You would naturally conclude that your friend has performed a card trick where the cards only appeared to be randomized when they were shuffled. In other words, you would make a perfectly reasonable design inference.

What is the difference between Miller’s example and my example? In Miller’s example the sequence of cards was only highly improbable. In my example the sequence of cards is not only highly improbable, but also it conforms to a specification. ID proponents do not argue that mere improbability denotes design. They argue that design is the best explanation where there is a highly improbable event AND that event conforms to an independently designated specification.

Here’s the interesting part. Ken Miller has been debating design proponents all over the country for many years. He knows ID theory very well. Yet instead of choosing to take ID’s arguments headon, he constructs a strawman of ID theory and knocks it down.

I am not a scientist or a mathematician. I am a lawyer, but perhaps my legal training has given me an invaluable tool in the Darwin-ID debate, the tool Phil Johnson calls a “baloney detector.” And my baloney detector tells me that Ken Miller is full of baloney. Miller knows that no reputable ID proponent equates mere “improbability” with “design.” Yet there he is declaring to all the world that it is a “general argument” of “many ID supporters.”

I have to wonder. If, as the Darwinsts say, ID theory is so weak, why don’t they take it on squarely? Why do they feel compelled to attack a strawman caricature instead of the real deal? Indeed, Darwinists’ apparent fear of taking on ID on its own terms is one of the things that gives me great confidence in the theory, and that confidence will be shaken only if Darwinists ever begin to knock down the real ID instead of their ridiculous caricatures of the theory.

Comments
material.infantacy: I would share your happiness if I believed that the general public (including most darwinists :) ) understands the basics of probability theory. But apparently, that is not the case...gpuccio
December 13, 2011
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Don't be so down on the cards analogy. The argument is now an iconic example of either the misunderstanding or the mischaracterization of specified complexity by ID opponents, depending on who's using it. I'm sure it will provide us with much amusement as time goes on. Personally, I'm sort of warmed by it, because it's so simple to demonstrate the misrepresentation using the same example. =D m.i.material.infantacy
December 13, 2011
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material.infantacy: I don't know why, but I can probably tolerate the beads better :). Ah, the mysteries of human nature...gpuccio
December 13, 2011
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Collin: A protein coding gene is certainly functionally specified. The specification is: "A sequence of nucletides in a DNA molecule that, if read as a digital string according to a well known code (the genetic code) contains the information to build a protein that has this biochemical function". So, a protein coding gene is like a shuffle of cards that corresponds to a very specific symbolic and functional meaning. The problem is, that specified result has an extremely low probability of being found by chance. Instead, generic meaningless sequences are the rule. It is true that each specific random meaningless sequence has the same low probability to be found, but the category of random meaningless sequences is a result so likely that it happens practically always, with large search spaces. The silliness of the argument is that Miller and his similar don't understand at all (or pretend they don't understand) how probability works, not even at very simple levels. If I toss a die, each of the six simple results has probability 1/6. But if I define two events as follows: 1) The result is 1 2) The result is any numer different from 1 Then the probability are 1/6 and 5/6. If I had a die with 10^150 faces, the probability of getting 1 would be about 1:10^150, and the probability of not getting 1 would be almost 1. That's more or less the situation with protein coding genes. The probability of functional sequences is so low, that they cannot be found in a purely random system. Therefore, the argument of the "deck of cards" is wrong, stupid, infamous, offending. Please, note that in all that discussion we are not considering the supposed effects of NS. NS is a necessity mechanism. It has no part in the discussion of probabilities, and requirs a separate treatment.gpuccio
December 13, 2011
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Don't hold anything back GP, tell us how you really feel. xp Since you're not fond of the cards analogy, "Suppose I have a bag containing 52 sequentially numbered beads, and I draw them out one by one, keeping a careful record of the sequence in which they were drawn...." ;-)material.infantacy
December 13, 2011
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What I don't fully understand is the specification in biology. Is DNA specified with the proteins that it creates? I mean, why is DNA not like a shuffle of cards, that, overtime, is fixed into a system that causes proteins to be created that bring about a beneficial function?Collin
December 13, 2011
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Jon: Very well said. They do exactly that! :)gpuccio
December 13, 2011
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No, what evolutionists believe is that gene frequencies change over time... no, that is to say that near-neutral mutations accumulate without natural selection, with purifying selection eliminating the monsters ... no, well, you see in complex organisms the neutral mutations swamp the purifying selection, so that's how these irreducably complex things develop... or actually, they can occur quite quickly from whole genome duplication or symbiosis, which is to say... Oh let's put it so everyone can understand. Evolutionists believe that evolution works by a whole series of hypothetical changes occurring, each step conferring unspecified infinitesimal advantages on the organism that are all big enough to be selected phenotypically. Once that can be imagined, it becomes true. It's too beautiful to be doubted.Jon Garvey
December 13, 2011
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The "deck of cards" argument is certainly the most infamous, shameful, absolutely stupid argument ever used by darwinists. It is an offense to reason and to human cognition. I have read it in different contexts, always presented as a magical demonstration of how stupid IDists are. All those who have ever used this argument, in whatever form, should be deeply ashamed of themselves. Miller should be deeply ashamed of himself. Even considering this argument for a couple of seconds makes me feel stupid!gpuccio
December 13, 2011
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Check out my analysis of the accuracy of something else that Ken Miller said: https://uncommondescent.com/informatics/an-information-systems-prof-has-some-questions-about-ken-millers-spitball-mousetrap/RalphDavidWestfall
December 13, 2011
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Additionally, one cannot construct a functional DNA-based replicator in steps (since at each step it would still need to be a functional replicator capable of evolutionary innovation) -- it is an irreducibly complex system. Not only are there no demonstrable, intermediate, functional steps between blind chemistry and a self-replicating organism, there is no evolution in effect until the entire system comes online.material.infantacy
December 12, 2011
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Evolution functions, such that it does, by heritable variation. Such variation requires a self-replicating system to be in existence, one capable of said heritable variation. One cannot invoke evolution to explain the origin of a system that is required to be in existence before evolution can happen -- it is begging the question. "How does evolution work? By heritable variation, which is an artifact of a self-replicating system composed of functionally integrated complexity. How did that system come about? By evolution." It does not follow. We're told that evolution can innovate novel proteins by determining, via NDE mechanisms, the sequences that code for them. However those proteins, along with the DNA that specifies them, must be together and in place -- in a functionally sound organism -- before the system can function at all. Evolution cannot build an integrated system if it requires that same integrated system in order to innovate in the first place. If evolution works at all the way it's purported to, then the DNA-based replicator must already be in existence. This means that the problem of the system's origin is in an entirely different category from what the system can do once it is operational. Evolution cannot explain the origin of systems which are required for evolution to occur.material.infantacy
December 12, 2011
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Not exactly of this argument but a similar kind of argument was also used by Dennis Alexander as well. Take for example in his book "Creation or Evolution" under the chapter "Intelligent design and Creation's order", a passage goes: "Many people impressed......of the huge improbabilities involved in biochemical systems coming into being 'by chance'. But what the reader might miss easily is that the calculations are based on the whole system self-assembling all in one go......But this is tilting at windmills. No scientist believes that this is the way evolution works." what would be your response to that?T. lise
December 12, 2011
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