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What is “Evidence”

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This is a follow up to my Stupid Things Atheists Say post. Evolve is being obstinate in his idiocy. He does not seem to understand the rather simple distinction between “evidence” and “evaluation of evidence.” I will try to help him (whether a fool such as he can be helped remains to be seen; there are none so blind as those who refuse to see). I will try to spell it out in terms adopted to the meanest understanding:

What is “evidence”? The dictionary defines the word as follows: “the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.” The rules of evidence that I use in court define relevant evidence as anything that has a “tendency to make a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence”  Note that for evidence to be evidence it need not compel a conclusion; it need only have a tendency to lead to the conclusion.

Suppose I am trying a case and the key issue in the trial is whether the light was green. I put on two witnesses who testify the light was green. Is this testimony evidence? Of course it is. The testimony has a tendency to make a fact of consequence to the case (i.e., the light was green) more probable than it would have been without the evidence. My opponent then puts on three witnesses who testify the light was red. That is evidence also.

The evidence closes; we make our closing statements; the jury is charged; and off the to the jury room they go. The jury then evaluates the evidence. Now suppose the jury comes back and says, “we find as a matter of fact that the light was red.” I lose the case. Did I lose the case because the jury had “absolutely no evidence” on which to find that the light was green?  Of course not. I presented evidence (i.e., testimony) that the light was green; presenting evidence is, after all, what a trial is about.  I lost the case not because there was no evidence the light was green.  I lost because the jury was unpersuaded by the evidence I submitted.

Now, if someone comes along and says I lost the case because there was “absolutely no evidence the light was green,” we would say that person was an idiot. Of course there was evidence. The evidence just did not persuade the decision maker.

Now, the evidence for God: All of the things I listed in my last post are evidence that God exists. Let’s take fine tuning as an example. There are a few possible explanations for fine tuning: Inexplicable brute fact; multiverse; God did it. The fact that God is at least a possible explanation for fine tuning means that fine tuning is evidence for the existence of God.

Who is the jury? Everyone is a juror. We all evaluate the evidence for God’s existence and come to a conclusion. I find the evidence from fine tuning very persuasive. If I were on the jury I would vote “God exists.” The fact that you would vote “God does not exist” does not mean there was “absolutely no evidence.” You are like the jurors who believed the light was red and were unpersuaded by the evidence that the light was green. It is not a matter of whether there was no evidence. It was a matter of the evaluation of the evidence.

I hope that helps. I doubt that it will since your ideological blinders seem to make you incapable of seeing anything outside of your narrow dogmatic myopic point of view.

Comments
Silver Asiatic: Suspect 1. Non-intelligent laws. [Suspect eliminated. Laws cannot create themselves and do not explain the origin of laws.] Suspect 2. Chance. [Suspect eliminated. Chance cannot produce the fine tuning observed] Suspect 1 couldn't do it. Suspect 2 couldn't do it. But Suspect 1 working with Suspect 2 have capabilities neither have alone. It was a conspiracy!Zachriel
February 13, 2015
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PS: (b) just above points to the significance of avoiding turtles all the way down, and to the necessity of finitely remote first plausibles tested against plumbline self-evident truths and constituting the core of a worldview. Where hyperskeptical objectors often wish to dismiss SET's whilst refusing to see that they face infinite regress. But just think, error exists is undeniably true, on pain of patent absurdity . . . to try to deny it implies affirmation by showing an example of error.kairosfocus
February 13, 2015
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F/N: It seems necessary to ask for a clarification. I/L/O say 98 above https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/what-is-evidence/#comment-547642 . . . is it still maintained by relevant objectors, that there is "no evidence" for the reality and relevance of God? I/L/O the issue of selective hyperskepticism raised and initial evidence outlined and linked (incl. in the PS with links), is this because of an actual lack of evidence that makes theism a reasonable position, or is this a dismissive rhetorical gambit driven by scientism and/or evidentialism? Are such objectors aware of the self referential incoherences involved in these views? Namely: (a) to claim or suggest that science is the only source and ground of truth and warrant is to make a claim in epistemology, i.e. philosophy. (b) the demand for "evidence" at each stage in thought leads to an infinite regress and/or question-begging. KFkairosfocus
February 13, 2015
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Reminds me of the "ID critic" here at UD with the stated purpose "to evaluate the evidence" while simultaneously denying that the evidence exists. Thanks Barry.Mung
February 12, 2015
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I'm not sure what you mean being created out of a "what"...ForJah
February 12, 2015
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Daniel King, Ok, I will. Come to think of it, I just read about a person's life that what completely transformed, seemingly out of nothing, from a small, myopic lechery into large-hearted, lovely and loving human generosity, yes, ex nihilo. Oh, and thank you. ForJah, Please don't think my "evidence, not proof" was some sort of criticism about your comments. As this is a thread about evidence, I was merely reminding readers. I am a little confused about your other complaint. Previously you wrote:
It’s indeterminate because there isn’t enough evidence to provide evidence for a who.
The quote itself is a little confusing, but I think I got what you meant. Anyway, it does seem to be you saying that there is not enough evidence that the designer is a person (a "who" as it were), so I just thought I would list those things that we experience as evidence. Again, that we experience such things, having been created out of the intelligence of a what that could not apprehend them, seems to me a bit hinky.Tim
February 12, 2015
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I never said anything about proof. I feel the word is loaded, for the very reason you are using the idea "evidence, not proof" against me as if I said that. Beauty, love, hate, justice...those are all subjective things. Even in that case though, I never said that the designer is not a person...in fact, that's exactly what I mean when I say "evidence for intelligence".ForJah
February 12, 2015
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Hi Tim, You're a treasure.
When was the last time you were born? . . . Oh, that long? I guess I am forced to . . . . . .conclude that the very idea (of you) is a fantastic figment of (our) imagination.
I assure you, I was not made from nothing. I have a birth certificate certifying that my parents conceived me and that my Mommy delivered me into this wonderful world almost a century ago. When you see things popping into existence out of nothing, let the World know.Daniel King
February 12, 2015
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DK, Don't knock folks from the Medieval times until you've tried them. Their "science" was bigger than yours. Ask Abelard, or Aquinas, or Anselm, or . . . As for the ex nihilo charge, the "when" of something happening is hardly grounds for calling it fantastic. When was the last time you were born? . . . Oh, that long? I guess I am forced to . . .
. . .conclude that the very idea (of you) is a fantastic figment of (our) imagination.
Tim
February 12, 2015
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ForJah@144, I think we cross-posted. Check out 143, "unclumped," with some evidence that the "what" is a "who" tossed in just for kicks. I dropped those in overly briefly, but as long as we are considering a creator/designer. . . and we, in our world, have things like love/hate (we are relational to our core), see beauty, sense in/justices, and seem to be the only beings on the planet "particular to" such happenstance, that is indeed evidence that the creator/designer is a person. It makes little sense (to me) to envision the designer as a "what" lacking those aspects listed above writ large. But, that's just me. Again, evidence, not proof.Tim
February 12, 2015
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StephenB's god creates things out of nothing:
To create something from nothing is not a “human like” activity.
Has that happened lately? If so, please provide examples. If not, I conclude that the very idea is a fantastic figment of your imagination. I thought that we were discussing reality here, not Medieval folk beliefs.Daniel King
February 12, 2015
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I don't like how you clumped them, and BTW we are talking about nano-technology in cells, not the laws of the universe. We have no idea what could have created the laws of the universe. It's indeterminate because there isn't enough evidence to provide evidence for a who.ForJah
February 12, 2015
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Forjah at 141, I think what SA was getting in the 1-5 exercise should be read like this: 1 -- out. 2 -- out. 3 -- in. Ok, let's divide 3, now, into 4 and 5; either 4, material or 5, immaterial. 4 -- out. hence, 5. Now, what is best candidate? (ooh, not to mention personality, morals, beauty etc. . . if we enjoy/were-endowed-with these, perhaps they came from . . . ) God. Again, not a proof, just evidence.Tim
February 12, 2015
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ForJah I would appreciate a better analysis. You're stating it's 'indeterminate'. But you didn't explain that.Silver Asiatic
February 12, 2015
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In this particular case, it's indeterminate. I also don't agree with your groupings though. 3,4,5 compliment each other while 4,5 are opposites. and 3 incorporates 4 and 5.ForJah
February 12, 2015
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Now that I have corrected the Murder scene so that it reflects more accurately the argument from design. Tell me if any of the evidence actually points to the suspect in any reasonable way in which it doesn’t point to anyone else.
Fair enough, let's try again. Just using what we've seen in the past few posts Murder scene: nano-tech in cells, The processing capacity of 49 0000 super computers, something created from nothing, existence of physical laws that direct the activities of matter and energy, incredibly razor sharp amount of fine tuning for earth and the existence and support of life on earth. Suspects: Suspect 1. Non-intelligent laws. [Suspect eliminated. Laws cannot create themselves and do not explain the origin of laws.] Suspect 2. Chance. [Suspect eliminated. Chance cannot produce the fine tuning observed] Suspect 3. Intelligent Design by "any intelligence" (your claim). [Suspect is a candidate because intelligence is only known source of fine-tuning, nano technology and laws - but eliminated for human, terrestrial or intelligences within the universe.] Suspect 4. Material intelligence of some kind. [Suspect eliminated because it cannot exist prior to matter and laws existing]. Suspect 5. An immaterial intelligence, with sufficient power and sophistication to create a universe, laws and finely-tuned conditions for the existence of life - and the nano-technology in the cells that support life. Best candidate that aligns with evidence?Silver Asiatic
February 12, 2015
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"Murder scene: Size 12 footprints, red carpet fibers, one glove, left-handed attack from a person 6’5? tall, tire tracks from a Chevy SUV. Suspect: Size 12 shoes, has red carpet in car, has similar glove, is left handed, is 6’5?, drives a Chevy SUV." Let me correct the argument in more relatable terms with what we are talking about with the argument from design. Murder scene: footprints, carpet fibers, one glove, attack from a person, tire tracks from a car. Suspect: Size 12 shoes, has red carpet in car, has similar glove, is left handed, is 6’5?, drives a Chevy SUV. Now that I have corrected the Murder scene so that it reflects more accurately the argument from design. Tell me if any of the evidence actually points to the suspect in any reasonable way in which it doesn't point to anyone else.ForJah
February 12, 2015
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BFast, I see three groups... 1) Appearance of Design (Materialists like Dawkins) 2) Real Design but Natural (Teleological Atheist like Nagel) 3) Real Design and Supernatural (Theologist like Dembski) Arguments today are between 1&2 and 1&3, not so much between 2&3. Theist Dembski finds plenty of common ground with Atheist Nagel in his new book "Being as Communion" Although when some of the 1's become 2's, things will get nastier between 2&3.ppolish
February 12, 2015
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Your #25: Nice riposte Silvery one!Axel
February 12, 2015
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ForJah, "Has anybody yet to admit that teleology is not evidence for “God”" ForJah, you totally didn't understand the premise of the article that started this thread, did you? Of course evidence for teleology is evidence for "God". Evidence for teleology is not "proof of God". Proof of teleology is not "proof of God". Please read and ponder the article that started this thread.bFast
February 12, 2015
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ForJah
I said since the last thread that nano-tech in cells is not evidence of God anymore than it’s evidence for any other intelligent being. Since science can’t distinguish who then it’s not evidence for God.
Murder scene: Size 12 footprints, red carpet fibers, one glove, left-handed attack from a person 6'5" tall, tire tracks from a Chevy SUV. Suspect: Size 12 shoes, has red carpet in car, has similar glove, is left handed, is 6'5", drives a Chevy SUV. Conclusion: "There is no evidence that the suspect was involved because it could be anybody with shoes, carpet, glove, left-handedness, height and tire" ... Right?Silver Asiatic
February 12, 2015
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ForJah, you are anticipating the next debate - after Design becomes accepted. That debate will be Theistic Design vs Natural Design. Both are guided and purposeful Design, but only one goes Supernatural.ppolish
February 12, 2015
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Has anybody yet to admit that teleology is not evidence for "God"(still kinda wondering in what way this word is being used) anymore than it's evidence for any other intelligent being? Maybe there is a creator of the universe, and if there is then it's an intelligence outside of the universe it STILL doesn't make it God. I said since the last thread that nano-tech in cells is not evidence of God anymore than it's evidence for any other intelligent being. Since science can't distinguish who then it's not evidence for God.ForJah
February 12, 2015
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AnimatedDust Everyhwere! Examples; http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/163051-simulating-1-second-of-human-brain-activity-takes-82944-processors http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-02/14/256-exabytes-of-human-information Just look around, but are you the product of the blind workings of matter? Not a chance!Andre
February 12, 2015
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Bravo, Andre. What is your source for those astonishing stats?AnimatedDust
February 12, 2015
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Daniel King It is not that I feel special it is that you are special...... 1.) The processing capacity of 49 0000 super computers. 2.) A Neural Network that when unravelled goes to the moon and back 3.) All the information ever created fits into less than 1% of your storage capacity. 4.) 100 Trillion cells each with a 100 000 chemical reactions every second and you are constant at 37C 5.) Sophisticated nano-tech molecular machines that runs you. 6.) In the last year almost all your atoms have been replaced but you are still you. You are very special.Andre
February 11, 2015
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Daniel King
Thank you for your replies. I understand that you are defending the teleological argument.
Well, not exactly. Only one out of the three was teleological. At least you have quietly withdrawn your silly claim that I was assuming my conclusion. Or did you labor under the illusion that a teleological argument is tautological?
As is typical in the many versions of that argument, your examples are all analogies to human activities, and the analogies break down when we’re dealing with the Cosmos, because nobody thinks that the order within the Cosmos required the efforts of a human being.
The purpose of the analogy was to help you to understand the principle: effects always need proportional causes to produce them. That principle doesn't change either inside or outside the cosmos. Quantum theory depends on the principle of causation. It can hardly be used to nullify it.
These regularities seem to have derived from the properties of matter and energy, according to the findings of physicists and cosmologists.
It is the physical laws that direct the activities of matter and energy, and not the other way around. That you would think that matter and energy could produce the laws that direct them is a problem.
The idea that a human-like actor (a lawgiver, a regulator, a creator) outside of the Cosmos made it all happen is a superfluous relic of superstition.
To create something from nothing is not a "human like" activity. Humans just direct and redirect matter; they don't bring it into existence. The idea that any effect can occur without a cause is a piece of imbecility that can be safely discounted as post-modern pablum. Incredibly, given the choice between "poof" and a first cause, you choose poof.StephenB
February 11, 2015
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Daniel, the Douglas Adams puddle exercise is based on other puddles of fish that we can't imagine. Those other puddle fish also feel special. Douglas Adams passed just as Science was finding evidence of "Dark Energy" ie Cosmolocical Constant. We now know there are not any other puddle fish out there. Our puddle is indeed incredibly special. Science is perplexed.ppolish
February 11, 2015
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Daniel, surely you are aware how utterly unlikely it is that we are here, imagining things? Use that imagination of yours to imagine all the NATURALLY POSSIBLE universes that would not allow imagination. It is mind boggling, and you will not even get close to imagining the right amount. "We're not special" please stop. Please.ppolish
February 11, 2015
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It is not like we are fish stuck in a puddle THINKING our puddle is special. We now KNOW empirically that the puddle IS special. There are no other puddles, just parched dead non puddles by the gazillions.
ppolish, surely you are aware of the anthropic principle. If the puddle were so different that life was not supported, we wouldn't be here to reflect upon it. Why do you feel the need to be special?Daniel King
February 11, 2015
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