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Karsten Pultz: The Information Problem, Part Two

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Karsten Pultz, author of Exit Evolution, follows up his earlier post, “Why Random Processes Cannot Produce Information: A New Approach To The Argument” with this one:

Stephen Meyer has often said that if we trace information back to its source, we always come to a mind, not a material process.

I have always regarded Meyer’s statement as self-evident, based on my own intuition but, ever since I heard it for the first time, I have pondered on how to make a persuasive argument for this postulate. My post from January 3 attempted to make a case for information always being related to the realization of an idea. If that is true, it would automatically render information impossible as a product of random processes because ideas always come from a mind.

Here I offer some further thoughts.

My main postulate is that information is strictly tied to an idea, a product, or a message. I cannot see how it is possible to have information prior to the idea, product, or message because information is an abstract representation of those things. How can an abstract representation exist prior to the phenomenon which it represents?

Information and music

Order Exit Evolution online. 198 kr.

I’m a composer and when I compose a brass quintet for my friends in the Royal Danish Orchestra, I start by composing the music. The abstract representation, the score (sheet music), is something I write after having gotten all the musical ideas. The score is the information which conveys the specific musical ideas to the musicians. The musicians are the translators who turn the information into the product, the music. So we have, as with the DNA code, an abstract representation, namely the score, which is translated like the process in the ribosome, into a final product, the music, which is equivalent to the protein.

As mentioned in my last post, we find the same three-part system of code-translation-product in modern car production.

In the case of music I know from experience that the idea is primary, the information, in this case the score, is secondary. I do not write a score before the music is created.

I think it is reasonable to raise the question whether the abstract representation of a protein could come about through means of random processes that did not have it in mind. It’s like having means without ends.

Information is the means, the idea is the end, we cannot have means before we have ends. Ends are purposeful and purposefulness is only found where we have intelligent causality. The neo-Darwinists want to put the cart before the horse by essentially having information produce the idea. This ludicrous concept runs, of course ,all the way through philosophical materialism.

Aboutness

The most important feature about information is that it is “about” something other than itself. A gene is nothing in itself, it is about the protein. The score is nothing in itself, it is about the music. A text is nothing in itself, it is about the message. The computer codes that run the robots in a car factory are nothing in themselves, they are about the final product, the automobile.


In the above illustration, every word written in black should be non-controversial truths. The only word written in red is the one that is not a provable fact. Should the word “idea” in red be replaced by the words “random process,” as the neo-Darwinist think? My chart makes clear that that is not the obvious inference to make.

My question to the neo-Darwinists is this: When did the DNA code move from being a random chemical product to being “about” the products for which it codes? When does the aboutness come about?

The phenomenon of aboutness is found elsewhere only in human thoughts. Thoughts are nothing by themselves. They are real but they do not exist detached from what they are about. I see the same with information, that it is intrinsically linked to what it is about. The DNA code is about the organism, I think that this would be hard for neo-Darwinists to deny, so looking at an organism today, they can hardly claim that DNA is not information. But they somehow imagine that we can have information, the DNA, come into existence without it being about the organism. And then later by some mysterious process, the aboutness arises out of the blue.

If the neo-Darwinists deny that DNA contains information, I have just delivered some empirical evidence to claim otherwise. The car factory, music, and written language are similar to organisms by having the three part system of code-translation-product, and you cannot within the frames of sanity claim that computer code, scores, and text have nothing to do with information. Hence it logically follows that the DNA code also is information.

If you want to make the claim that the DNA code is not information, you would simply have to deny there’s any connection between DNA and the organism it codes for.

I think it is rather obvious that a code sequence doesn’t possess any intrinsic informative value unless it is tied to a product. Without accepting the connection between information and product we have no way of defining what information is and the word becomes meaningless.

It’s worth mentioning that the three part system code-translation-product also is irreducibly complex since none of them makes sense without the others (see the previous post)

Am I then saying that we (proponents of ID) should give up showing the neo-Darwinists that there aren’t enough probabilistic resources to have information produced by random processes. No, absolutely not. The thoughts I here have shared are just an attempt to put some meat on Meyers bones when he claims that if we trace information back to its source, we always come to a mind.

See also: Karsten Pultz: Why Random Processes Cannot Produce Information: A New Approach To The Argument

Comments
@27 EugeneS
They are just victims of scientist propaganda. They pepper their speech with words like ‘scientific’ without fully knowing what they mean.
Spot on. Like those folks who parrot "natural selection", without having a clue what the term really means. Or like those kiddos who yell "you do not understand evolution"! when their alleged knowledge is the result of having read some shi**y dawkin's books or some dubious blogs.Truthfreedom
February 1, 2020
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I find it interesting that most people who claim that one's world view should be based on science are not scientists themselves. They are just victims of scientist propaganda. They pepper their speech with words like 'scientific' without fully knowing what they mean. People actually working in science know this kitchen from the backdoor, so to speak, and for this reason they do not tend to base their life views on science.EugeneS
February 1, 2020
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Bob O’H- Obviously you do not understand ID
Bob O'H definitely understands ID.. He has been a commenter here since the very beginning when Dembski set up the blog. He also I believe has a background in genetics and evolutionary biology. That knowledge has not stopped him from trying to be a thorn in the side of ID as he has raised nit picking objections from the start to dispute various points made. The fact that he has never made a substantive objection to ID or provided a reasonable alternative is an indication that he knows ID is a valid approach to evolution. He will never admit that but his posts have indicated that. Just look at Bob as a means of perfecting the argument for ID. He is fine tuning ID. We should thank him for his efforts.jerry
January 21, 2020
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@23 Silver Asiatic
“We never said it was junk. It might be junk. Or not. The Blind Watchmaker selected it to be junk, for now. If someone finds a purpose, then we already told you it might not be junk. We predicted that a long time ago.”
"It can be junk and NOT-junk at the same time. You know? Quantum mechanics has tore apart the LNC. It no longer applies." "The Blind Watchmaker is blind and not-blind at the same time. It is a cause and it is a non-cause Uh. We are not sure and sure. Welcome to the world of rational madness of the materialist." Ah. And very important: The First Commandment of the materialist says: "No-thing=Some-thing". "We materialists pray dawkins (who says he is an "illusion") for the salvation of our memes". We cool.Truthfreedom
January 21, 2020
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BA77
Whereas Darwinian evolution, on the other hand, has been guilty over and over again of the very same exact thing that Bob falsely accused ID of, Namely, “moving the goalposts’.
Then they took the goalposts down. No need for them. Evolution has no goal or purpose. Whatever happens, evolution did it. Heads evolution wins. Tails you lose.Silver Asiatic
January 21, 2020
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"We never said it was junk. It might be junk. Or not. The Blind Watchmaker selected it to be junk, for now. If someone finds a purpose, then we already told you it might not be junk. We predicted that a long time ago."Silver Asiatic
January 21, 2020
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@21 Bornagain77:
In fact, the only actual evidence for the ‘unlimited plasticity’ that is needed for Darwinian evolution to be considered viable as a theory, that has ever been witnessed by anyone for Darwinian evolution, has been the ‘unlimited plasticity’ within the theory itself.
Theory of Evolution: 1) Explains adaptations. 2) What are not adaptations are 'byproducts'. (Cool!) "This other part, we do not know what it is, is "junk". A few years later: "We did not mean junk, how do you dare, anti-science Bible-thumper"? Ain't that theory great?Truthfreedom
January 21, 2020
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Bob O'Hara accuses ID of the very thing that Darwinian evolution is guilty of. Namely, 'moving the goalposts'. No matter how contradictory the evidence is to Darwinian presuppositions, Darwinists always 'move the goalposts' so as to prevent falsification of their theory. In fact, the only actual evidence for the 'unlimited plasticity' that is needed for Darwinian evolution to be considered viable as a theory, that has ever been witnessed by anyone for Darwinian evolution, has been the 'unlimited plasticity' within the theory itself. The theory is forever plastic. Able to morph itself into whatever shape it needs to be in in order to avoid falsification by empirical observation! As Dr. Cornelius Hunter observed,
"Being an evolutionist means there is no bad news. If new species appear abruptly in the fossil record, that just means evolution operates in spurts. If species then persist for eons with little modification, that just means evolution takes long breaks. If clever mechanisms are discovered in biology, that just means evolution is smarter than we imagined. If strikingly similar designs are found in distant species, that just means evolution repeats itself. If significant differences are found in allied species, that just means evolution sometimes introduces new designs rapidly. If no likely mechanism can be found for the large-scale change evolution requires, that just means evolution is mysterious. If adaptation responds to environmental signals, that just means evolution has more foresight than was thought. If major predictions of evolution are found to be false, that just means evolution is more complex than we thought." ~ Cornelius Hunter
In fact, believe it or not, I've seen Darwinists tout this ability of Darwinian evolution to morph itself into whatever shape it needs to be in order to avoid any potential falsification of their theory to be a virtue of their theory. They seem to imagine that a supposedly 'good' scientific theory is able to adjust to whatever new empirical evidence comes along. Yet, contrary to what they imagine, science just does not operate that way. As Imre Lakatos stated in a lecture, “In degenerating programmes, however, theories are fabricated only in order to accommodate known facts”
Science and Pseudoscience (transcript) - “In degenerating programmes, however, theories are fabricated only in order to accommodate known facts” – Imre Lakatos (November 9, 1922 – February 2, 1974) a philosopher of mathematics and science, , quote as stated in 1973 LSE Scientific Method Lecture
And as Thomas Kuhn wrote in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, when faced with an anomaly, a theory's defenders "will devise numerous articulations and ad hoc modifications of their theory in order to eliminate any apparent conflict."
Inquiry-Based Science Education -- on Everything but Evolution - Sarah Chaffee - January 22, 2016 Excerpt: As Thomas Kuhn wrote in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, when faced with an anomaly, a theory's defenders "will devise numerous articulations and ad hoc modifications of their theory in order to eliminate any apparent conflict." http://www.evolutionnews.org/2016/01/inquiry-based_s102534.html
Thus contrary to what Darwinists may believe about what constitutes a good scientific theory, the fact that Darwinists themselves are forever 'moving the goalposts' is a sure sign that we are, in reality, dealing with a pseudoscience or a "degenerating programme" as Lakatos himself termed it. Whereas on the other hand, the falsification criteria for ID has never changed and has resolutely remained the same. In order to falsify ID all one needs to do is, as ET pointed out above, "demonstrate that natural selection can produce irreducibly complex biological systems." Shoot, there is even a 10 million dollar prize for the first person that can demonstrate the origin of coded information by purely natural processes:
Artificial Intelligence + Origin of Life Prize, $10 Million USD Where did life and the genetic code come from? Can the answer build superior AI? The #1 mystery in science now has a $10 million prize. https://www.herox.com/evolution2.0
Thus, much contrary to Bob's false accusation, ID has never 'moved the goalposts' in regards to having a rigid falsification criteria, and even puts its money where its mouth is. Whereas Darwinian evolution, on the other hand, has been guilty over and over again of the very same exact thing that Bob falsely accused ID of, Namely, "moving the goalposts'. Hypocrisy, thy name is Bob (and weave) O'Hara!bornagain77
January 21, 2020
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Bob O'H- Obviously you do not understand ID. ID is based on three premises and the inference that follows (DeWolf et al., Darwinism, Design and Public Education, pg. 92): 1) High information content (or specified complexity) and irreducible complexity constitute strong indicators or hallmarks of (past) intelligent design. 2) Biological systems have a high information content (or specified complexity) and utilize subsystems that manifest irreducible complexity. 3) Naturalistic mechanisms or undirected causes do not suffice to explain the origin of information (specified complexity) or irreducible complexity. 4) Therefore, intelligent design constitutes the best explanations for the origin of information and irreducible complexity in biological systems. Those are the core concepts of ID and to falsify Intelligent Design all one has to do is demonstrate that natural selection can produce irreducibly complex biological systems.ET
January 21, 2020
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PavelU Evolution lacks actual substance. A non-trivial theory should entail more than one non-trivial independent predictions. See here for example. For the benefit of non-Russian speakers, the point is that the number of explanations a useful theory generates should be greater than the number of new entities it introduces. Evolution does not meet this requirement. Effectively, if you swap "evolution" with "ufo-nauts" nothing will change in the TofE.EugeneS
January 21, 2020
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Bob It is nowhere near as nebulous as evolution. Some of the certain features are functional complexity and semiosis. They are clearly defined.EugeneS
January 21, 2020
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In principle, ID is easy to falsify. All a materialist has to do is point to even a single example of complex specified information whose known provenience (“known” not “assumed because of my metaphysical prejudices”) is other than mind, and the entire ID project comes tumbling down.
Actually, no this wouldn't do it: there would be a perfectly legitimate response. ID is defined: "[t]he theory of intelligent design (ID) holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause rather than an undirected process such as natural selection." So you would simply retort by saying that the object who's provenance wasn't design wasn't one of those "certain features".Bob O'H
January 21, 2020
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Ainz Ooal Gown, The link posted @9 points to a very interesting webinar titled: “Completing the human genome: the progress and challenge of satellite DNA assembly” Contrary to what PavelU claimed, the given video presentation makes much more difficult the task of explaining macroevolution. That may be one reason why the guy doesn’t engage in discussion with those who object his baseless claims.OLV
January 21, 2020
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PavelU, By your account, if they don't understand evolution, it should be fairly easy to refute their claims. If you truly believe that blindness evolution has shaped life as we know it, then go back and respond to every post refuting your links calming a mindless/naturalistic cause to life. Judging by your past few posts, it appears to me that instead of refuting them, you either play word games or ignore them. Are you in that group too?Ainz Ooal Gown
January 20, 2020
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Oh no, again? When is this troll going to be banned from this site? What are we waiting for? Please, can someone react to this? Ainz Ooal Gown asked a valid question but see how it was responded. Complete nonsense. If I see another post by PavelU I’ll stop commenting in this site. i can’t take another gibberish from that bozo.jawa
January 20, 2020
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Ainz Ooal Gown, it seems like most objections have been raised by people who don’t understand evolution. Are you in that group too?PavelU
January 20, 2020
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*directed at PavelU* Do you ever go back and respond to the various criticisms that are posted about your links, or do you just keep shooting into the wind, hoping your bullets hits without realizing you are shooting blanks at a target that doesn’t exist.Ainz Ooal Gown
January 20, 2020
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Mind is primary, everything else is secondary Musical composition in the composer’s mind is first... Then it’s represented symbolically on sheet in order to pass it to musicians and singers so that they can perform their parts. Just amazing This is from a 1984 movie that got a few awards: https://youtu.be/th_ro9CiASc https://youtu.be/USe-wZ0AOQQpw
January 20, 2020
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Jstanley01 @5: Very insightful musical comment. Thanks.pw
January 20, 2020
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This scientific lecture explains how human evolution happened: https://youtu.be/X8h2jShcd2EPavelU
January 20, 2020
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Following on what Fasteddious said @ 6, regarding weather measurements. But consider a more random thing to make the example better, say the record of a series of coin flips. That sort of information is not (at its _origin_) an idea, nor is it controlling anything else (yet). They describe what happened, but are not essential to the process. Once we record them and enter them into a computer to check for coin bias, then the information joins the family as symbolic information that subsequently control something else (the future states of the software doing the analysis). The whole IDEA was to check a coin for bias, and the record of the coin flips was ancillary to the process, making it a slightly different sort of information at first.EDTA
January 19, 2020
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Fasteddious, the point you make is germane to ID generally. In principle, ID is easy to falsify. All a materialist has to do is point to even a single example of complex specified information whose known provenience ("known" not "assumed because of my metaphysical prejudices") is other than mind, and the entire ID project comes tumbling down. It is telling that over 30 years after the modern ID project began, no one has come forward with an example.Barry Arrington
January 19, 2020
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Rather than trying to "prove" that information always requires a mind, we could merely ask the materialists for some example of information that does not come from a mind. They cannot point to DNA as that is the information in question. They must find some example of other information that does not come from an intelligent agent. They could, for instance point to weather data that is collected by automatic sensors and software. However, that information still traces back to the minds that designed the sensors, software and the weather data system. Moreover, the weather data is meaningless except to a mind that knows the rules (as noted above) for generating and understanding the data. Any example the materialist tries to find will end up at a human mind. Then the materialist has to fall back on, "well DNA does not come from humans, so how do we know it is from a non-human mind?" or some such prevarication. By changing the question, he implicitly admits your point.Fasteddious
January 19, 2020
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The imponderable thing about music is why the rules work. For instance, in a major scale, why does the subdominant "want" to resolve to either the dominant or the tonic, why does the dominant "want" to resolve to the tonic, and why does a leading tone insist on resolving to the tonic? And why are the complications introduced by the supertonic, mediant and submediant scale degrees -- not to mention other partial and full dissonances and resolutions found inside and outside the major scales and their modes -- so interesting to the human ear, even to the point of the sublime? A resort to sexual selection can be made -- on the most simplistic level, we're talking about "tension" and "release" after all -- just not credibly, nor with any reference at all as to why those particular vibrations of air at those particular frequencies, in their relationships to one another, produce their particular effects whether urgent or transcendent. I'm not sure how the imponderable aspect of music might be analogous to the forms that life expresses, except maybe to say that, for some reason or other, God likes kangaroos.jstanley01
January 19, 2020
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PS: I add, DNA is not just informational, but encoded, i.e. it is a complex, substantial manifestation of language [thus of a much deepe4r and broader system of communication and thought], language coeval with C-Chemistry, aqueous medium cell based life. Language, of course, is a characteristic sign and manifestation of mind in action. The challenge for those who would dismiss this is to give us good empirical reason to hold that per observation, language, codes, encoded string data structures and associated implementing machinery constituting information, communication and control technique, can and do originate by blind chance and/or mechanical necessity without intelligent direction. A challenge that I confidently say, has never been met. If I am wrong, kindly supply the case ______ its publication _____ and the prizes won thereby _____kairosfocus
January 19, 2020
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KP:
How can an abstract representation exist prior to the phenomenon which it represents?
Excellent question. The information gives the FORM of what it informs. So, that which is imagined already has form, is an abstractum. Whether it is possible of being coherently conceived and so of being in a possible world is onward. For example, a square circle is conceivable as a notion, which we then find to be impossible of being, but we can at least vaguely see that we want something to be squarish and circular, so there is a vague superposition and/or oscillation between two ideas in our minds. It is on pondering, that we find, oops, no single thing can at once have these as core characteristics, so such is impossible of being in any possible world. Which, is something we know to unalterable certainty about this idea. Because, we know self evidently, that any distinct A is such in light of core characteristics that distinguish it from even a near neighbour A"? Therefore, so soon as something is conceived, it has a degree of being, such that it can be considered distinctly from other things. Even, what turns out to be impossible of being can at least be labelled. All of this points to there being mind in the heart of reality, even as mathematics is about the logic of structure and quantity, thus of aspects of being and possible worlds. Reality has an affinity to mind, is akin to mind. That is suggestive indeed as to its roots. KFkairosfocus
January 19, 2020
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. cha-ching ...a quote from a paper published by the eminent physicist Howard Pattee, which I have posted here before:
I define a symbol in terms of its structure and function. First, a symbol can only exist in the context of a living organism or its artifacts. Life originated with symbolic memory, and symbols originated with life. I find it gratuitous to use the concept of symbol, even metaphorically, in physical systems where no function exists. Symbols do not exist in isolation but are part of a semiotic or linguistic system (Pattee, 1969a). Semiotic systems consist of (1) a discrete set of symbol structures (symbol vehicles) that can exist in a quiescent, rate-independent (non-dynamic) states, as in most memory storage, (2) a set of interpreting structures (non-integrable constraints, codes), and (3) an organism or system in which the symbols have a function (Pattee, 1986). There are innumerable symbol functions at many hierarchical levels, but control of construction came first.
Upright BiPed
January 18, 2020
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Just so. But, as the late night commercials yell, "that's not all!" Upright Biped often reminds us that the "information-translation-product" series you describe depends on something else that random processes are utterly incapable of producing even in principle: Rules. Consider your music example. The scribbles on paper that are all but indecipherable to us non-musicians would be completely meaningless -- they would convey no information at all -- if musicians had not previously developed a complete set of rules (a "convention" if you will) for translating them. Is there anything about that squiggly symbol on the third line that means in itself "play this note for x amount of time." No, it is completely arbitrary. If the rules of musical notation were different, a different squiggle on a different line could very well mean the same thing. Indeed, there are other systems that work at the same task (see the section in this Wiki article on "Other Systems and Practices"). The upshot of this is that materialism fails at two levels: 1. The basic level of symbols "meaning" something. 2. The even more basic level of a system of translation.Barry Arrington
January 18, 2020
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