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The Argument from Evil is Absurd

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Jerry and I are having a constructive exchange on the problem of evil.  My argument starts when Jerry asks me to define “good.”

Jerry, the issue is not how one would define “good” in any particular situation.  The issue is whether it is possible to define good in a way that is not grounded in subjective preferences.  The only way to do that is if there is some objective standard of good.  Such an objective standard would necessarily stand over and above all men’s subjective preferences.  The character of God is advanced as the source of that objective standard. 

The argument goes like this:

The good is that which is consistent with the objective transcendent standard grounded in the character of God.

Evil is the privation of the good.

Evil exists. 

Therefore, the good, of which evil is the privation, also exists.

Therefore, an objective transcendent standard grounded in the character of God exists.

Therefore, God exists. 

Thus, as Vivid has noted, the existence of evil – if the word “evil” means anything other than “that which I do not subjectively prefer” — is powerful evidence for the existence of God.

This all boils down this: Objective evil exists only if objective good exists. Objective good exits only if God exists. Objective evil exists. Therefore, God exists.

Now this does not necessarily mean that evil in the objective sense (i.e., the privation of the transcendent standard grounded in God’s character) exists.  It may be that “evil” means nothing except “that which I do not subjectively prefer.”  And if evil in the objective sense does not exist, the argument for the existence of God from the existence of evil (which implies the existence of objective good) never gets off the ground.

BUT, the atheist argument from evil never gets off the ground either. This should be plain from the my other post to which you have already alluded. 

If you use your definition and not use the word evil but the phrase,. “privation of the good” then you will end up with nonsensical arguments.

False.  One may agree or disagree with the argument I set forth above.  It is not nonsensical. 

But they [i.e., atheists] think their version of evil does exists and will point to examples.

It is certainly correct that all sane people, including atheists, understand that evil exists.  That is why I am constantly saying that no sane person lives their life as if materialism is true. 

So the standoff is to use logic to show that their definition is meaningless in the context of what the Christian God promise. That is what I am doing.

The challenge is to show that the atheist’s definition of evil is incoherent in any context.  And I have done that in the prior post.

I doubt your definition, which come from Augustine, will win many converts because it does not sync with the typical atheist’s use of the term. 

I advance arguments.  The arguments stand or fall based on whether they are grounded in logic and evidence.  A sound argument is sound regardless of whether it results in “converts.” 

Yes, my definition of evil does not sync with the typical atheist’s use of the term.  My project is to point out that when the typical atheist uses the term, they invariably do so in a way that is incoherent.  By this I mean that they invariably argue that God, if he exists, has “done evil thing X” or “allowed evil thing X to happen,” and since God would not do that, God does not exist.  The problem is that for the argument to work, “evil thing X” must actually be objectively evil.  And for the atheist “evil thing X” means “that which the atheist does not subjectively prefer.”  And it is incoherent to argue “God does not exist because he does not arrange affairs in a way I subjectively prefer.” 

The theodicy argument breaks down because [atheist’s] version of evil is meaningless.

If by the “theodicy argument” you mean “the argument from evil,” we agree.

 But I doubt atheists would accept your definition of evil.

Of course, their premises preclude them from accepting my definition.

So how can you claim that their argument is incoherent based on it.

Perhaps “incoherent” is the wrong word.  Absurd is probably better.  To argue that God does not exist on the ground that he does not arrange affairs in a way I subjectively prefer is not incoherent.  All one has to do is advance the following syllogism:

Major Premise:  If God exists, he would prevent evil (defined as “that which I do not subjectively prefer) from happening.

Minor Premise: Things that I do not subjectively prefer happen all the time.

Conclusion:  Therefore, God does not exist.

The argument is not incoherent.  Rather, it is based on an absurd major premise. 

Do you have evidence that atheists use your definition?

You raise an interesting point.  When they argue from the problem of evil, atheists implicitly use my (i.e., Augustine’s) definition of evil.  Otherwise, as anyone who thinks about it for two seconds can see, the argument is absurd (see the absurd syllogism above).  What does this mean?  It means that atheists cannot adhere consistently to their own premises.  And that is not surprising (no sane person . . .).  Instead, as is often the case, they reject the existence of objective evil while smuggling that very thing in through the back door when they argue from the “problem of evil.”

Comments
A “universe” is one thing. What examples can you provide?
Just a single particle is an example or any collection of particles is another example. The universe is a collection of things. If you want to add forces or energy or other things you can. A discussion of the nature of the universe is a distraction unless you see relevance.jerry
March 15, 2022
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"But I can give a zillion examples of the universe. " Jerry, I'm not sure what you mean here. A "universe" is one thing. What examples can you provide? Andrewasauber
March 15, 2022
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I think your stance “Evil Isn’t Adequately Defined = There Is No Such Thing As Evil” is a Non Sequitur
True! But in order to understand a concept, one first has to define it. Especially when it deals with a proof of the existence of God. So I challenge anyone to show that something exists before they use the concept. A good first step is defining it. So far no one has stepped up and done so. You and apparently everyone else have not followed what this is all about and what is behind my reasoning. It has to do with the proof that the Judeo/Christian God does not exist because evil exists. That is what this is all about. So I am saying the real non-sequitur here is the assumption that evil exists. It’s especially a non-sequitur when they cannot define the word or show examples of its existence. No one wants to define it because any examples they give will be incompatible with their definition. Hence, no one answered my example of dropping the fork. (I usually use stubbing a toe - but tried some equally extremely trivial event instead)
It’s akin to “Universe
But I can give a zillion examples of the universe. And the universe is also finite. Part of my argument is what people mean by evil is unwanted events. And they are always by definition finite or trivial.jerry
March 15, 2022
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Jerry, I think your stance "Evil Isn't Adequately Defined = There Is No Such Thing As Evil" is a Non Sequitur It's akin to "Universe." It can't be scientifically defined, yet here we are and we perceive it all around us. Andrewasauber
March 15, 2022
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Aren’t people embarrassed that they cannot provide a definition they can defend? From above about attempted definitions of evil.
Just what is a working definition of “evil?” I don’t believe there are any as various attempts to provide one always come up short. Too vague, too irrelevant, too contradictory, too cultural bound
Instead there are personal attacks from supposedly Christians, belittling of what are my short criticisms with nothing relevant, opinions that something is wrong with no justification for such opinions. To clarify, I maintain this world is full of unwanted events. The little girl with a brain tumor that ended her very short pain filled life. The dropping of a fork. Both unwanted. No one is denying that. But are both evil? Nearly everyone would say what happened to the little girl is but not the second. Why? Is there a gradation line of unwanted events such that those on one side are evil and those on the other are not? That is absurd and should get people thinking. I suspect this will remain fallow till I bring it up again.jerry
March 15, 2022
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What is evil
The answer is apparently in an hour long video. I may watch at some time but why not summarize what is in it so all can understand. Until that is done, I maintain the word has no useful definition.jerry
March 15, 2022
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The good is that which is consistent with the objective transcendent standard grounded in the character of God
Whatever that means? Dropping a fork on the floor is such an event. Therefore the dropping of the fork is an evil event. Explain why it isn’t. This may sound silly but I am using an extremely trivial event to illustrate the problem with using the word. Anything or everything is evil. Just the fact that you use over a 2,000 words to describe a four letter word makes my point. Till someone provides a simple easily understood definition, I will maintain none exists. The really ironic thing is that no one seems to understand my objective in all this is. That is to clarify the Theodicy issue.jerry
March 15, 2022
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Jerry, from OP:
The good is that which is consistent with the objective transcendent standard grounded in the character of God. Evil is the privation of the good. Evil exists. Therefore, the good, of which evil is the privation, also exists. Therefore, an objective transcendent standard grounded in the character of God exists. Therefore, God exists. Thus, as Vivid has noted, the existence of evil – if the word “evil” means anything other than “that which I do not subjectively prefer” — is powerful evidence for the existence of God. This all boils down this: Objective evil exists only if objective good exists. Objective good exits only if God exists. Objective evil exists. Therefore, God exists. Now this does not necessarily mean that evil in the objective sense (i.e., the privation of the transcendent standard grounded in God’s character) exists. It may be that “evil” means nothing except “that which I do not subjectively prefer.” And if evil in the objective sense does not exist, the argument for the existence of God from the existence of evil (which implies the existence of objective good) never gets off the ground. BUT, the atheist argument from evil never gets off the ground either. This should be plain from the my other post to which you have already alluded.
I commented at 19:
the basic challenge is that we are at first principles which are mutually entangled. It’s like looking at facets of a jewel, the whole is in the part and the part in the whole. From rational freedom and first duties, we see that moral government is embedded in reality from its roots up. In that context, such can only be grounded in the inherently good, utterly wise. As we explore onward, we see that we need necessary, maximally great being, which embraces all that is great-making and nought that is not. God is not a trickster or capricious, etc. In that context we gradually understand his goodness as stemming from and bound up in his pure, maximal love that cherishes and opens up a world in which there are creatures who albeit finite, can love and so are free. Perfect maximal love working out in thought, word, deed is the heart of goodness and as we appropriately respond and reflect such, goodness flows from us too. In that context evil stems from self-centred abuse of freedom and frustrates, perverts, despoils, wrecks what is from its proper end. Which is the heart of evil. Which also will be fundamentally incoherent.
This at 1 and 2 also helps:
1 Yarrgonaut April 6, 2020 at 8:14 am Couldn’t they be accepting Augustine’s definition for the sake of argument? 2 Barry Arrington April 6, 2020 at 8:16 am Yarrgonaut, no, because accepting it for the sake of argument would undermine their argument. IOW, accepting for the sake of argument that a proposition is true (“God exists”) is something you cannot do if one is trying to argue that God does not exist. It results in the following incoherence: Assume for the sake of argument God exists, blah blah blah, therefore, God does not exist.
3 and 4 show we have come full circle in an off topic tangent in the current discussion, note who intervened here and the failed argument he advocates:
3 chuckdarwin April 6, 2020 at 10:33 am Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God? Epicurus said it first, said it best and it cannot be refuted by playing sophistic games of “objective” vs. “subjective” morality. The so-called dichotomy of “no good without evil” begs the questions “from whence cometh evil” (obviously God if you are a theist) and “what is evil” (that which is not good, thus spinning us off into tautology land…). Morality, by definition, is objective because morality is a social construct–it defines the rights and duties of each person vis a vis every other person. Another word for objective morality is law which derives by force (from the sovereign) or consensus (from the people). The fact that morality, i.e. the law, can change in one of these two ways does not make it “relativistic” or “subjective.” 4 Barry Arrington April 6, 2020 at 12:03 pm Chuck writes Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Let us insert the atheist’s definition of “evil” into this question: Is God willing to arrange affairs in a way that I subjectively prefer, but not able? The question is absurd Chuck. Why should anyone care about whether God is able to arrange affairs to please you. Or anyone else. As you know, your own premises dictate that your conception of evil is yours only. And if Eichmann has another conception, you have no ground on which to argue that yours is superior to Eichmann’s. Let’s have another go at your question from Eichmann’s perspective. “Is he able [to allow me to continue to completion the mass slaughter of the Jews], but not willing? Then he is malevolent.” Again, absurd. You see, Chuck, just as I demonstrated in the OP, your argument works only if there is objective evil. And objective evil exists only if there is objective good. And objective good exists only if God exists. Therefore, your argument works only when it does not work. In a word, it is incoherent. Now it is fair to ask why God allows objective evil to exist. But it is incoherent to argue from the existence of objective evil to the non-existence of God.
In the spirit of classical reference, WmAD on Boethius, who was a favourite for many centuries due to the power of his Consolation of Philosophy, written while awaiting execution due to a lawless power play:
In his Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius states the following paradox: “If God exists, whence evil? But whence good, if God does not exist?” Boethius contrasts the problem that evil poses for theism with the problem that good poses for atheism. The problem of good does not receive nearly as much attention as the problem evil, but it is the more basic problem. That’s because evil always presupposes a good that has been subverted. All our words for evil make this plain: the New Testament word for sin (Greek hamartia) presupposes a target that’s been missed; deviation presupposes a way (Latin via) from which we’ve departed; injustice presupposes justice; etc. So let’s ask, who’s got the worse problem, the theist or the atheist? Start with the theist. God is the source of all being and purpose. Given God’s existence, what sense does it make to deny God’s goodness? None . . . . The problem of evil still confronts theists, though not as a logical or philosophical problem, but instead as a psychological and existential one [as was addressed above] . . . . The problem of good as it faces the atheist is this: nature, which is nuts-and-bolts reality for the atheist, has no values and thus can offer no grounding for good and evil. As nineteenth century freethinker Robert Green Ingersoll used to say, “In nature there are neither rewards nor punishments. There are consequences.” More recently, Richard Dawkins made the same point: “The universe we observe has precisely the properties we should expect if there is, at bottom, no design, no purpose, no evil and no good, nothing but blind pitiless indifference.” ["Prepared Remarks for the Dembski-Hitchens Debate," Uncommon Descent Blog, Nov 22, 2010]
KF PS, note my response to CD pointing to an attempt to refute Plantinga: https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/has-anyone-else-noticed-the-blatant-political-flavor-of-many-sciencey-mags-these-days/#comment-749044
right at outset, a strawman which seems to pivot on misunderstanding differences between defence and theodicy, as well as misunderstanding the difference freedom brings . . . inter alia the possibility of love thus of virtue and the possibility of actual reason:
Plantinga, however, ignores clauses (a) and (c), and targets only clause (b), that involving God’s omnipotence. He sketches a scenario according to which God did his best to create a world without evil but had his plans thwarted by the freedom-abusing creatures he had created. “Given these conditions,” he argues, God could not have created a world free of evil. This “despite” his omnipotence. True, moral and natural evil exists. But that’s up to us, and Satan, respectively. It isn’t “up to God.” So Plantinga claims.
Nope. Here is a summary, note, an outline:
Plantinga’s free-will defense, in a skeletal form, allows us to effectively address the problem. For, it is claimed that the following set of theistic beliefs embed an unresolvable contradiction: 1. God exists 2. God is omnipotent – all powerful 3. God is omniscient – all-knowing 4. God is omni-benevolent – all-good 5. God created the world 6. The world contains evil [–> Notice, NOT ignored, that is false, and in context willfully misleading] To do so, there is an implicit claim that, (2a) if he exists, God is omnipotent and so capable of — but obviously does not eliminate — evil. So, at least one of 2 – 5 should be surrendered. But all of these claims are central to the notion of God, so it is held that the problem is actually 1. [–> again, not ignored] Therefore, NOT-1: God does not exist. However, it has been pointed out by Plantinga and others that:
2a is not consistent with what theists actually believe: if the elimination of some evil would lead to a worse evil, or prevent the emergence of a greater good, then God might have a good reason to permit some evil in the cosmos.
[–> Notice, the issue of misunderstanding] Specifically, what if “many evils result from human free will or from the fact that our universe operates under natural laws or from the fact that humans exist in a setting that fosters soul-making . . . [and that such a world] contains more good than a world that does not” ? In this case, Theists propose that 2a should be revised: 2b: “A good, omnipotent God will eliminate evil as far as he can without either losing a greater good or bringing about a greater evil.” But, once this is done, the alleged contradiction collapses. Further, Alvin Plantinga – through his free will defense — was able to show that the theistic set is actually consistent. He did this by augmenting the set with a further proposition that is logically possible (as opposed to seeming plausible to one who may be committed to another worldview) and which makes the consistency clear. That proposition, skeletally, is 5a: “God created a world (potentially) containing evil; and has a good reason for doing so.” Propositions 1, 2b, 3, 4, and 5a are plainly consistent, and entail 6. [–> if p1, p2 . . . pn are alleged to be inconsistent but if augmented by e become clearly consistent, p1 through pn are necessarily consistent already] The essence of that defense is:
“A world containing creatures who are significantly free (and freely perform more good than evil actions) is more valuable, all else being equal, than a world containing no free creatures . . . God can create free creatures, but he can’t cause or determine them to do only what is right. For . . . then they aren’t significantly free after all . . . He could only have forestalled the occurrence of moral evil only by removing the possibility of moral good.” [NB: This assumes that moral good reflects the power of choice: if we are merely robots carrying out programs, then we cannot actually love, be truthful, etc.] [From: Clark, Kelley James. Return to Reason. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994), pp. 69 – 70, citing Plantinga, God, Freedom and Evil, (Eerdmans, 1974), p. 30.]
So, the attempted dismissal fails. The deductive or logical form problem of evil fails, and with the goods of reason, love, virtue and redemption etc, the inductive form is countered. The existential form is a matter of counselling, not logic.
(I of course am going on to cite enough to substantiate the pivotal point.) KFkairosfocus
March 15, 2022
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SA and Jerry What is evil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzrC7KuMj6o Vividvividbleau
March 14, 2022
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We are all deluded except you?
You haven’t a clue what I am saying. You just made a lot of stuff up. For example, I never said there was no sin. Never said it, never believed it. Everything else is nonsense too.jerry
March 14, 2022
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:lol: If there is no evil : 1. Why Jesus came? No evil =no sin=no ontological degradation of humans. 2.Why gave us the morality/commandments ? 3. Why send people to Hell ? 4. Devil is good ? 5. We are all deluded except you?
But it was planned by God.
:lol: Nope. To know about an event is not the same as to plan it.Lieutenant Commander Data
March 14, 2022
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I see a lot of problems with that
I see none. In fact I see the elimination of a lot of problems.
I see that as a dangerous idea
I see it as a very positive idea. You apparently have no idea what I am saying or have been saying for years. A million dollars is trivial compared to a trillion dollars. No one would say a million dollars is trivial per se but in comparison it’s trivial. I make no lightness of the hardships and incredible I’ll fortune many have suffered. In fact I have often used the little girl in a local school who developed a brain tumor at 7 and spent the rest of her life in constant pain as example of extremely bad luck. She died at 10.
Christians have had an understanding of it for a long while
I am aware of just about everything written on evil. They are not consistent in how they treat the term. What I propose in extremely coherent. No one has been able to dispute it yet. Though they tried. It in no way undermines Christian theology. I constantly ask for a definition and it goes nowhere. Shouldn’t that be a clue.
Jesus suffered in His death by crucifixion was a great evil – a severe injustice
But it was planned by God. There are these words spoken by Jesus
Father, forgive them for they not know what they do.
You are not using the term in any consistent way. The reality is there is no consistent way to use it. But people love using the word. Try substituting your definition any time you e]want to use word and see what happens. Aside: a funny story. After high school, I got a summer job with a local construction company in their billing office. One of the secretaries just got married a couple months before. It turns out it was the week after Easter. She brought in her wedding album to show everyone. There was a photo of her and her husband running out of church after the wedding all in smiles. Next to them rushing out of church was a sign which said “Father, forgive them for they know not what they are doing.”jerry
March 14, 2022
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Jerry
There is no evil.
I see a lot of problems with that.
Yes, there are bad things but all are trivial.
I see that as a dangerous idea - it could mean a serious lack of compassion for what people suffer, the severe evils in the world. I can't imagine considering them "trivial".
Even a painful death is trivial compared to what the Christian God is offering.
You're referencing Christianity - but the New Testament uses the term "evil" and Christians have had an understanding of it for a long time. What Jesus suffered in His death by crucifixion was a great evil - a severe injustice. In no way can that be viewed as trivial.Silver Asiatic
March 14, 2022
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without evil
I do not believe what you are saying has anything to do with what Bradly is saying. You want to use the term "evil" and I maintain it doesn't exist. I ask for a definition and then you deny it's your definition. I maintain there is no coherent definition. Unwanted things exist. They are gradated in how unwanted they are. But everything, literally everything, could be unwanted by someone. So is everything evil? You apparently as well as everyone else do not understand what is going on. This all has to do with the Theodicy argument against God. That's what the Bradly argument was all about. If falls apart immediately if there is no evil or if the unwanted things that are called evil are trivial. But people from the time they were very little have heard the term and have used it themselves without really understanding what it means. To nearly everyone it just means unwanted things. But that definition has problems especially with the Theodicy issue which is an attack on the Christian God. The answer is not convoluted. It's very simple. There is no evil. Yes, there are bad things but all are trivial. Even a painful death is trivial compared to what the Christian God is offering.jerry
March 14, 2022
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Jerry
Why does adding free, moral, rational agents make evil in the world?
This is the basis of Bradley's argument. He claims that it is "logically possible" to have free, moral, rational agents without evil. He never explains how that is possible. I am saying it is logically impossible. Let's start with Logic. That is necessary for "rational agents" to exist. Otherwise, they would not have rational minds, if there was no way to construct logical understanding. So, Logic is necessary for rationality. What is a first component of Logic? An absolutely necessary component of rational argument? The statement: "Error exists" is a simple way to say it. If there was no error or no falsehood then there could be no rational thinking, no logic. God created rational beings - so, error and falsehood have to exist. It's necessary, and impossible to avoid this. Like a square circle is impossible. Why does Logic require evil? Errors and falsehoods are a "privation of truth" - they are Evils. By degree - more or less. A falsehood, is an evil. A deliberate falsehood can be a very severe evil. But falsehood is necessary for Logic. The Logical formula A = A must necessarily be true and to follow it by saying "therefore A does not equal A" is a necessary falsehood, or an evil, or a privation of good, or a limit to perfections. Rational understanding - the created rational mind (not God's mind) requires logic and therefore requires that evil (falsehood) must exist. The only way around that, as Bradley revealed because he is trapped by that argument, is to say "it's better that people do not have freedom". So, he's saying it would be better if we were not rational creatures. Because he knows that rationality requires evil. God is not "creating evil", but it's just a necessary by-product. It's as I said elsewhere - God has limits on what He can create. He cannot create another perfect, supreme, non-contingent, first cause God. It's just impossible. He also cannot create moral free-will rational creatures without evil. Moral choices require the possibility of evil - otherwise they are not moral choices. They are just deterministic events.Silver Asiatic
March 14, 2022
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So everything is evil but some are more evil? It’s your view that “everything is evil”, not mine. So, you have to explain it. I tried to respond to your view:
I was using your definition or sort of definition:
The only thing that does not possess some “privation of good” (a term for evil) is God
Isn't that a definition of the "evil?" This means everything else by your assessment is some privation of good or is then evil. I don't believe the word "evil" describes anything in this world. I have maintained that for years and have been very consistent.
It’s like saying “there’s only one color of red – if it’s got any red in it, we have to call it red.” So, we can’t say orange, or purple, or pink – it’s all red. “So everything is red except some is more red?”
I assume you mean that there are gradations of something. I maintain there are gradations of unwanted things in this world. For example, dropping a fork and having to pick it us is unwanted and so it having a brain tumor that causes constant extreme pain unwanted. One is more unwanted than the other.
A question arises: How could God create anything that is not perfect? God cannot create another perfect supreme Being. He can’t create another one of Himself. There are limits on what God can create. Every created Being necessarily has those limits. That’s just reality.
I'm sure how this is relevant.
God cannot create a world with free, moral, rational agents without evil (falsehood, deprivations). It’s just not logically possible – just like a square circle is not.
I have no idea what you are trying to say. Are you saying that any world God creates has to contain evil? Why does adding free, moral, rational agents make evil in the world? Was it already "good" till that step? Are you saying that our world is evil or was good before people were introduced?jerry
March 14, 2022
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I already explained, there are three kinds of evil: Physical evil, moral evil and metaphysical evil From that, we can observe degrees of evil in each category.
A new one, metaphysical evil. But added were degrees of evil. Does that mean there is a max evil? And is everything just on a spectrum of more evil than another with a max for each? If so, then is there some place on this spectrum that separates degrees from each other in terms of evil?
What is bad for someone is a certain degree of evil – more or less.
What is meant by bad? Or is everything bad because it is not "good?"
That someone desires something that is bad for someone is a certain degree of good, more or less. Every object has some shade of light – from 0 to 100. We don’t say “it’s got some light so everything is light”. The same with darkness. Everything may have some dimness in lighting. We don’t say “everything is dark”.
This is back to things happening to someone. Are all things on a spectrum? If so is everything evil but some are more evil? Is evil just bad or unwanted things happening to people?
As for subjective: We start with metaphysical evil and recognize that Being relates to Goodness and deprivation of being is a flaw in perfection, to some degree or another.
I'm confused. What is deprivation of being? I have never heard this before and I do not understand what it is.
It’s the same with knowledge – we have degrees of what we know and there can be ideas entirely false. Just because something gives a partial understanding of the truth (privation of good) we don’t say “it’s entirely false”.
I have no idea what you are saying with this or how it might even be relevant.jerry
March 14, 2022
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Here is a discussion of the concept of "evil."jerry
March 14, 2022
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This comment is tucked out of view and interest so I don't expect much response if any. But the issue of just what is "evil" brings up a lot of issues. This comment justs sums up some of the issues involved. There have been over a hundred discussions of this over the years on UD. Here are some issues and links: 1. Just what is a working definition of "evil?" I don't believe there are any as various attempts to provide one always come up short. Too vague, too irrelevant, too contradictory, too cultural bound. This led to an attack on me by Barry who called me a nihilist. https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/lets-see-if-graham2-sticks-to-his-nihilist-guns/ There is also this thread and then there is this from last year that preceded it by a couple weeks. https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/vividblue-the-problem-of-evil-is-more-of-a-problem-for-an-atheist-than-a-theist/ 2. The interest in the preciseness of the concept of "evil" is because of the Theodicy argument. This argument more than any other is used to show God does not exists. It is an illogical argument but has a lot of traction with people as they fail to think very clearly on the issues and it sounds very reasonable. The issue of evil is central to this argument. That is the Judeo Christian God, if he exists would not allow evil things to exist. However, if somehow what is called evil is really non existent or trivial the Theodicy argument falls apart. The issue of evil in the world is central to the TE’s (theistic evolutionists) defense of Darwinism. See my exchange with StephenB beginning at https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/alister-mcgrath-on-theistic-evolution/#comment-594690 and lasting over several comments. 3. A case in point is Leibniz’s “best of all possible worlds’ ” argument. It was immediately attacked because there is obviously many evil or bad things in this world so just eliminating one bad thing or adding one good thing would make it a better world. Argument over says the materialists, QED. But if you believe God is omnibenevolent, omnipotentent and omniscient how could He or why would He not create the perfect world. Since it obviously isn’t, there is no God with these attributes and no Judeo Christian God. QED But is this a valid response to the “best of all possible worlds?” But if all the so called evil in this world was trivial, then this argument against the best of all possible worlds falls apart. I just ordered Nadler’s book, The Best of All Possible Worlds: A Story of Philosophers, God, and Evil https://www.amazon.com/Best-All-Possible-Worlds-Philosophers-ebook/dp/B0052Z5W5Q/ref=sr_1_9?dchild=1&qid=1614640907&refinements=p_27%3ASteven+Nadler&s=digital-text&sr=1-9&text=Steven+Nadler 4. What would a world look like if it was the best possible world according to those who doubt and mock this thesis? Are there issues that would make such a world undesirable. For example, could one living in what was considered the best possible world from from their standpoint have free will? 5. Does the world have to appear that there is no God for this world to be meaningful? Would we have free will in a really perfect world? Would any of our actions have any merit is such a world? Interesting proposition - Did God create a world such that it would not be obvious that He existed. In other words does this best of all possible worlds have to be such that it looks like He may not exist. It has to look imperfect to actually be perfect. Or the
“apparently imperfect but perfect world.”
6. There are some very interesting discussion in the past on this and one set of posts is over 12 years ago by Steve Fuller. Here is the link to all his posts which unfortunately are only a few https://uncommondescent.com/author/steve-fuller/ A start to this discussion of whether there is a Science of God is https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/introduction-to-a-science-of-god-fathoming-the-intelligence-behind-intelligent-design/ There were six more in this series. Steve Fuller last posted here 5 years ago.jerry
March 1, 2021
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I am starting a list of past discussions of evil. Certainly not complete but which raise the problem of the definition of the term and its common usage everywhere. Especially when there are many implied understandings of the term, often different between two individuals engaging each other using the term. First, just what does the term mean. Discussed above, see actual OP here. Second, "evil" just mean bad things happening to people. See discussion recently and from a couple years ago.
If you want to discuss “icky stuff” I am willing to do so. As I said most people define it as unpleasant circumstances or the equivalent. If one wants to use a similar definition, then I am willing to proceed. But I can tell you it will not lead to anywhere productive. So people will prefer to use the nebulous term instead. I have defined “evil.” But I do not think it is what people want. They’re more interested in icky stuff.
https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/vividblue-the-problem-of-evil-is-more-of-a-problem-for-an-atheist-than-a-theist/ From over 13 years ago.
So what I stumbled on is that a lot of what is considered evil is relative. Something that is not hard to understand but which I found few even considered. This is not a unique discovery by myself since I have since read many much more intelligent people than myself who have discussed this issue throughout history. Supposedly the main issue in Christianity is salvation and given that, there is only one true evil, the lack of salvation. So are the other things which are considered evil only worldly things and not really truly evil but only reflect our squeamish feelings and what makes us squeamish changes as we get more technological advanced.
https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/the-science-rule-the-christian-darwinist-doesnt-want/#comment-146116 Then, there is moral vs natural evil. Which is more important for the existence of Judeo/Christian God or for proving He doesn't exist? Answer - natural evil. But then the attacks are for not recognizing specific moral evil acts act as evil which is absurd but is standard. By not using the term "evil" in no way implies countenance of such acts. Such is the logic here though. More links later, there are plenty of them. Off to a hockey game.jerry
February 28, 2021
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On another note, does this account not have the capacity to submit a new post? I don't see any mechanism on my interface for submitting a new post. Has it changed recently? If my post submission privileges have been revoked, I understand and that's cool. I'm just wondering.William J Murray
February 16, 2021
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So, someone explain this to me. If "evil" is the lack of good, and good is a transcendent quality of God, then a "lack of good" necessarily means a "lack of God." To deprive a thing of good is to deprive it of God. How is it possible to deprive a thing of God? I mean, isn't God omnipresent? You can't deprive anything that exists of God, or else that thing - whatever it is - wouldn't exist, correct? Is there an "outside of God?" Did God mix something into creation that is "not God?" Where did the "not God" stuff come from?William J Murray
February 16, 2021
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https://uncommondescent.com/laws/should-we-recognise-that-laws-of-nature-extend-to-laws-of-our-human-nature-which-would-then-frame-civil-law/#comment-724228 evil has no independent existence, yes. It parasites on and perverts or frustrates the good.
Meaningless because it has no definition that relates to our world. Vague in any sense of the word in any world. Be specific in what is evil. ‘’Frustrates the good” could mean anything. Anytime the word is used about something in this world, it is accusing God of being inferior.jerry
February 16, 2021
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TF, Good Friday indeed . . . and I need to get around to the persistent attempt to dismiss historicity of Jesus; which cropped up in a recent exchange here. KFkairosfocus
April 10, 2020
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Jerry, the technical fallacy is tu quoque, you are another. [I must be slipping . . . ] However it is not so much a fallacy ad a defense mechanism of projecting to the other so "if you live in a glass house, don't throw stones." Translation: unwilling to engage comparative difficulties. KFkairosfocus
April 10, 2020
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advocates of worldviews trying to suggest that all worldviews are incoherent
Kf What is the name for this fallacy? I don't think it is projection. Is it like the self referential fallacy? Which means my statement too must be false so that the statement actually implies there must be one coherent one. So is the originator of the statement a believer that there is one correct worldview? Is it similar to the claim that all cultures are equal which means the culture that claims others are inferior must be accepted and we get incoherence. I am sure this will generate a lot of nitpicking incoherence. But nitpicking incoherence seems to be the bane of the modern world. Maybe it always was. Humans haven't changed much just the tools to do what is in their nature. There should be an award for nitpicking comment of the month and nitpicker of the month.jerry
April 10, 2020
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@67 Kairosfocus:
And, when you see advocates of worldviews trying to suggest that all worldviews are incoherent, that is a strong sign of a fatal crack in their own. Projection, after all, is notorious.
And this is another key point. :) Thanks for the post. Off topic: Today is Holy Friday.Truthfreedom
April 10, 2020
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TF, irretrievable incoherence is the death of a worldview, but insofar as a worldview has become a powerful ideology with cultural agenda and influence, it dies hard. Fascism had to be beaten by war and lived on in various states for a generation or more. Today, it seems blended in into states that nominally follow its sister ideology Marxism. That one, in turn took a prolonged global cold war with economic stagnation and in mutant form [cultural marxism] dominates the academic, educational and media worlds. We can use possible worlds speak to characterise a worldview as a candidate possible world, CPW, comprising a sufficiently comprehensive assemblage of propositions w1, w2, . . . wn. These define the entities proposed as in the core of reality, and how that core generates a world, with dynamics and a narrative framework for how the CPW unfolds. It has to be sufficiently plausible that it will attract one or more adherents who have to live in an actualised world AW. That means, flaws and breakdowns, factual gaps, incoherence, failure to achieve explanatory balance must be somewhat subtle and perhaps may be suppressed by power wielders in AW. In that context, the tension between CPW and AW will work its way out through a Lakatos-like separation of a protected core of assertions that if shattered would be instantly fatal, and an armour belt of in the end expendable auxiliary assertions that are more directly in touch with circumstances. That is, w1 to n is partitioned into a core and belt structure. If there are aspects of these propositions and frameworks that support significant success of power centres then that can help to reinforce the CPW. Of course, even when they clash, neighbouring worldviews may overlap considerably. In this context, A version of the Kuhn, Lakatos, Feyerabend type picture of competing paradigms can be seen as a component of said views. In that context, the key issue is to break through the protective belt to the core, where part of a given CPW will be characterisations of other views and their adherents. A capital example is how Dawkins and other "New/Gnu Athiests" view Christian Theists as ignorant, stupid, insane or wicked. The world of secret societies also shows an onion pattern, motivated on managing hoi polloi. In this context, fatal contradictions will be hard to face, given an effect. If a critical mass are induced to make a crooked yardstick their standard for straight, accurate, upright, then what is genuinely so will never conform to the crooked standard. Experience shows that even a naturally straight and upright plumb line, will be questioned. Obviously, propagandists seek to get crooked yardsticks so established. (Hence, BTW, the danger in appeals to consensus of experts.) I have come to two main conclusions on this side of things: self-evident, inescapable first truths and duties of reason are absolutely pivotal as plumb lines, and that those who have been led to distort or dismiss such will only change through social system collapse. Things have to go over a cliff and things have to hit rock bottom hard enough to shatter the core. That may lead to spectacular magazine explosions such as took out three British Battlecruisers at Jutland. This pandemic, of course, is such a challenge, at least potentially. And, when you see advocates of worldviews trying to suggest that all worldviews are incoherent, that is a strong sign of a fatal crack in their own. Projection, after all, is notorious. KFkairosfocus
April 10, 2020
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@59 Seversky
So, when the charge of inconsistency is leveled by someone at the worldview of another with the intention of trying to undermine it, I would answer, let him who is without that particular “sin” cast the first stone.
So you are saying that all worldviews are equally inconsistent?Truthfreedom
April 9, 2020
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@63 Kairosfocus
being forced to admit to having unprovable or unproved first plausibles or presuppositions that vary from person to person and which include inescapable first principles and duties of reason is often a shock. One, that will be resisted in the imagination that big-S Science has the answers. However, it turns out that evolutionary materialistic scientism is both question-begging and irretrievably, utterly incoherent. This then taints fellow traveller views.
Nail. Hammer. Head.Truthfreedom
April 9, 2020
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